This chapter introduces the Java programming environment. It discusses the history and development of Java, started in 1991 at Sun Microsystems. Java is an object-oriented language that can be used to create both standalone applications and applets. The chapter describes Java's key characteristics like being simple, secure, portable and multithreaded. It also outlines the different types of Java programs and environments including the Java Development Kit, Integrated Development Environments, and how to create, compile and execute a Java program.
This chapter introduces the Java programming environment. It discusses the history and development of Java, started in 1991 at Sun Microsystems. Java is an object-oriented language that can be used to create both standalone applications and applets. The chapter describes Java's key characteristics like being simple, secure, portable and multithreaded. It also outlines the different types of Java programs and environments including the Java Development Kit, Integrated Development Environments, and how to create, compile and execute a Java program.
This chapter introduces the Java programming environment. It discusses the history and development of Java, started in 1991 at Sun Microsystems. Java is an object-oriented language that can be used to create both standalone applications and applets. The chapter describes Java's key characteristics like being simple, secure, portable and multithreaded. It also outlines the different types of Java programs and environments including the Java Development Kit, Integrated Development Environments, and how to create, compile and execute a Java program.
This chapter introduces the Java programming environment. It discusses the history and development of Java, started in 1991 at Sun Microsystems. Java is an object-oriented language that can be used to create both standalone applications and applets. The chapter describes Java's key characteristics like being simple, secure, portable and multithreaded. It also outlines the different types of Java programs and environments including the Java Development Kit, Integrated Development Environments, and how to create, compile and execute a Java program.
• Developed by a team led by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems.
• Originally called “OAK”, it was designed in 1991 for use in embedded consumer electronic applications. • In 1995, renamed “JAVA”, it was designed for developing Internet applications. • Can be embedded in HTML pages and downloaded by Web browsers to bring live animation and interaction to Web clients. • Not limited to web applications, can be used to develop standalone applications • Java is inherently object-oriented. • You want to know more? Read “Java Technology: An Early History – 1998” (http://www.imamu.edu.sa/dcontent/IT_Topics/java/javahistory.pdf)
• Java Application o Is a standalone programs. o Can be executed from any computer with a Java interpreter
• Java Applet o Is special kind of Java Programs that can run directly from Java-compatible Web browser. (Will be introduced in Chapter 10)
JAVASCRIPT IS NOT JAVA. (http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_intro.asp)
WHAT IS JSP? WHAT IS GROOVY?
Java Environments
• Language Specification
- Computer languages have strictly rules of usage. The Computer will be unable to understand it if you do not follow the rules when writing the program
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- The Java languages specification is a technical definition of the language that
includes syntax, constructs and the application program interface (API), which contains predefined classes. (http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/)
• Development Tools
- Oracle (**SUN acquisition by Oracle) releases each version of Java with a Java Development Kit (JDK) or Software Development Kit (SDK). - It is a primitive command-line tool set that includes software libraries, a compiler, an interpreter for running, and an applet viewer for testing applets, as well as other useful utilities.
- There are three editions of Java:
Java Standard Edition (Java SE)
• Provides all the essential software tools necessary for writing Java applications and applets. • This subject is based on Java SE framework. • The recent version is JDK 7. However, JDK 6 will be used for the lab session.
Java Enterprise Edition (Java EE)
• Provides tools for creating large business applications that employ servers and provide services over the Web.
Java Micro Edition (Java ME)
• Provides a small, highly optimized runtime environment for consumer products such as cell-phones, pagers and appliances.
- Integrated Development Environments (IDE) / Java Development Package
Besides JDK, there are many Java IDE or development packages on the market today. These environments consist of a text editor, compiler, debugger and other utilities integrated into a package with a single set of menu.
Some of the popular IDE / package:
• Eclipse (http://www.eclipse.org/) • Netbeans (http://netbeans.org/) --> is used in the lab session • JBuilder by Borland (http://www.borland.com/jbuilder) • jEdit (http://www.jedit.org/) • JCreator (http://www.jcreator.com/) is used in lab session (updates --------------------------- 2013 - no more free version)
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DPJ 5018 – Programming in Java Chapter 1
• Creating, Compiling and Executing a Java Program
The creation of a Java program generally follows the steps below.
Create/Modify Source code
.java File
Compile Source code
. class File (Byte codes)
Run Byte code (interpreter)
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
HOW
You have to create your program and compile it before it can be executed. You have to save the Java source code as java extension ( .java ). The file name must same as the class name. Then you compile it. If your program has error(s), the error has to be corrected before the compiler can translate the source code. The compiling process is to translate the Java source code to Java byte code and generates the dot class (.class ) file. To execute a Java program is to run the program’s byte code. Byte code instructions are NOT machine language and therefore cannot be directly executed by the CPU. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) executes the byte code instructions. JVM is a program that simulates a computer whose language is Java byte code.
