Topic.2.1 Measurement Device

DEE10013 : MEASUREMENT DEVICES
LEARNING OUTCOME
At the end of this topic, students should be able to :

1. Illustrate basic DC ammeter circuit
2. Explain shunt resistance in DC ammeter.
3. Explain multi range and Ayrton Shunt in DC
ammeter
4. Illustrate DC voltmeter circuit.
5. Explain multiplier resistance in DC voltmeter
6. Explain multi range DC voltmeter
DC AMMETER
Single Range
DC Ammeter
Two(multi Range)
DC Ammeter
SINGLE RANGE DC AMMETER CIRCUIT
+
I ISH Im
VSH RSH Vm
Rm
RSH = Shunt resistance

Rm = Internal resistance/coil resistance
ISH = Shunt current
Im /Ifsd = Meter current/ Full scale deflection current
I = Current range
FUNCTION OF SHUNT RESISTANCE, RSH IN
DC AMMETER
1. The basic DC ammeter circuit can be constructed
using a PMMC by connecting a resistor in parallel
with the meter movement.
2. The parallel resistor is called a shunt resistor and

its function to control the amount of current
passing through the meter movement.
3. Thus the shunt resistance and PMMC can be

thought of as forming a current dividing circuit.
DERIVATION EQUATION FOR SHUNT
RESISTOR IN SINGLE RANGE DC AMMETER
• Voltage equation:
Vm = VSH
+ Im . Rm = ISH . RSH
I Im Im Rm
ISH RSH = equation 1
Vm
ISH
VSH
RSH • Current equation:
Rm
I = ISH + Im
ISH = I − Im to equation 1
Im . Rm
RSH =
I − Im
EXAMPLE 1
A 2mA meter movement with an internal resistance
of 100Ω is to be converted into a 0-150 mA. Calculate
the value of shunt resistance required.
Solution:
𝑅𝑚 = 100Ω, 𝐼𝑚 = 2𝑚𝐴, 𝐼 = 150𝑚𝐴
Im . Rm
RSH =
I − Im
2mx100
RSH =
150m − 2m
RSH = 1.351
TWO RANGE DC AMMETERS
1. The resistors are placed in parallel to give different

current ranges.
2. Then, it becomes two shunts Rsh1 and Rsh2 and will

give two different ranges of Ish1 and Ish2 .
3. The selector switch S is multiposition switch is

used for the range changing .
4. Switch S also protects the meter movement from

being damage during range changing.
1. When switch, S is connected at Rsh1, the shunt

resistance Rsh1 and Rm are connected in parallel.
2. Using Ohm’s law V=IR, since it is in parallel connection,
Vm= voltage drop across the Rm
IS EQUAL
Vsh1= voltage drop across the Rsh1
Rsh1 = ImRm / I1 - Im
3. When switch, S is connected at Rsh2, the shunt

resistance Rsh2 and Rm are connected in parallel.
4. Using Ohm’s law V=IR, since it is in parallel connection,
Vm= voltage drop across the Rm
IS EQUAL
Vsh2= voltage drop across the Rsh2
EXAMPLE 2
Design a two range dc miliammeter with a basic meter
having a resistance 75Ω and full scale deflection for the
current of 2mA. The required ranges are 0-10mA and 0-
50mA.
Solution:
The first range is 0-10mA
Give I1 = 10mA, Im = 2mA and Rm =75Ω
Rsh1 = 2m(75)/(10m-2m)
= 18.75Ω
CONTINUE
The second range is 0-50mA
Give I2 = 50mA, Im = 2mA and Rm =75Ω
Rsh2 = 2m(75)/(50m-2m)
= 3.125Ω
TWO RANGE DC AMMETERS (AYRTON SHUNT)
𝑅𝑠ℎ = 𝑅1 +𝑅2 + 𝑅3
If the input is connect to position 1, it can be say

that
R1
1
𝑉𝑠ℎ = 𝑉𝑚
2
Rm
3
R2 𝐼𝑠ℎ 𝑅𝑠ℎ = 𝐼𝑚 𝑅𝑚
R3
(𝐼 − 𝐼𝑚 )(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 ) = 𝐼𝑚 𝑅𝑚
Where Ish = shunt current for this position

If the input is connect to position 2,
𝐼 − 𝐼𝑚 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = 𝐼𝑚 (𝑅𝑚 +𝑅1)
input is connect to position 3,

𝐼 − 𝐼𝑚 𝑅3 = 𝐼𝑚 (𝑅𝑚 +𝑅1 + 𝑅2)
Multi Range
ARYTON SHUNT @
UNIVERSAL SHUNT
2types of multi range

ammeter. Find the different.
DC VOLTMETER
Single Range
DC voltmeter
Two(multi range)
DC Voltmeter
SINGLE RANGE DC VOLTMETER CIRCUIT
Rs = Multiplier Resistor /Series resistor

Im = Meter current/full scale deflection current
Rm = Internal resistance/coil resistance
V = voltage range
FUNCTION OF MULTIPLIER RESISTANCE, Rs
IN DC VOLTMETER
1. A basic voltmeter can be constructed from a
permanent magnet moving coil instrument by
connecting a resistor in series with the meter
2. The Series resistor is known as a multiplier

resistance (Rs).
3. The purpose of multiplier resistance is to extend

the voltage range of the meter and to limit the
current flow through PMMC meter to a maximum
full scale deflection current.
DERIVATION EQUATION FOR SERIES
RESISTOR IN SINGLE RANGE DC VOLTMETER
From Voltage Kirchoff Law,
V = Vs + Vm
V = ImRs + ImRm
ImRs = V-ImRm
V
Rs = − Rm
Im
EXAMPLE 3
A moving coil instrument with a full scale deflection
of 50µA and internal resistance of 500Ω is used as a
voltmeter. Determine the value of the multiplier
resistance needed to measure a voltage range of 0 –
10V.
Solution: V
Rs = − Rm
Im
10
= − 500
50 A
= 0.2 x106 − 500
= 199.5k
TWO RANGE DC VOLTMETERS
1. The resistors are placed in series to give different
voltage ranges.
2. The selector switch S is multiposition switch is

used for the range changing.
3. When S =V1 (maximum voltage range) R1 + R2 acts

as a multiplier resistance, Rs
4. when the switch S = V2 (lowest voltage range) only

R2 acts as a multiplier resistance, Rs
MULTI RANGE VOLTMETER SERIES STRING
• using series connected multiplier resistors
Two Range DC Voltmeter
In position V2 (lowest voltage range), the multiplier

resistance is only R2,
V2 = Im (R2 + Rm)
R2 + Rm = V2/Im
R2 = V2/Im – Rm …………(1)
TWO RANGE DC VOLTMETERS
In position V1 (maximum voltage range), the

multiplier resistance are R1 and R2,
V1 = Im (R1 + R2 + Rm)
R1 + R2 + Rm = V1/Im
R1 = V1/Im – Rm – R2 …………(2)
MULTIRANGE VOLTMETER PARALLEL STRING
• Using switched multiplier resistor

EXAMPLE 4
A basic D’Arsonal movement with an internal resistance 50Ω and
full scale deflection current of 2mA is to be used as a multirange
voltmeter. Design the series string of multipliers to obtain the
voltage range of 0-10V, 0-50V.
Solution:
For position V 2 = 10V , series multiplier is R 2
V2
R2 = − Rm
Im
10
= −3
− 50
2 x10
= 4.95k
CONTINUE
For position V 1 = 50V , series multiplier is R1 + R 2
V1
R1 + R 2 = − Rm
Im
50
= −3
− 50
2 x10
= 24.95k
R 2 + R1 = 24.95k
R1 = 24.95k − R 2
R1 = 24.95k − 4.95k
R1 = 20k
EXAMPLE 5
A basic D’Arsonal movement with an internal resistance 50kΩ and
full scale deflection current of 25µA is to be used as a multirange
voltmeter. Design the parallel string of multipliers to obtain the
voltage range of 0-20V, 0-50V and 0-140V
Solution:
Rm = 50kΩ Ifs
Rm
Rs3 Rs2 Rs1
Im = Ifs = 25µA
V3 V2 V1
+ -
CONTINUE
Solution:
Rs1 = (V1 / Ifs) – Rm
= (20V/ 25µA) - 50kΩ
= 750kΩ
Rs2 = (V2 / Ifs) – Rm

= (50V/ 25µA) - 50kΩ
= 1.95MΩ
Rs3 = (V3 / Ifs) – Rm

= (140V/ 25µA) - 50kΩ
= 5.55MΩ
Multi Range
Multiplier are connected in series and
2 types of multi range the range selector select the
voltmeter. Find the appropriate amount of resistance
different. required
TUTORIAL
1. Calculate the value of the shunt resistance required to
convert a 1mA meter movement, with a 100Ω internal resistance
into a 0 to 10 mA ammeter (Ans: 11.11 Ω)
2. A 100µA meter movement with an internal resistance of

800Ω is used in 0 to 100mA ammeter. Find the value of the
required shunt resistance (Ans: 0.8Ω)
3. Design a two range DC ammeter with a basic meter having a

resistance 50Ω and full scale deflection for the current of 2mA.
The required ranges are 0-10mA and 0-25mA.Calculate the value
of the required shunt resistances (Ans: 12.5 Ω, 4.35 Ω)
TUTORIAL
4. Design a multirange ammeter by using direct method
(individual shunt) to give the following ranges 10mA and 50mA. If
PMMC meter have internal resistance of 10Ω and full scale
current of 3mA (Ans: 4.29 Ω, 0.64Ω)
5. A moving coil instrument gives a full scale deflection with a

current of 40μA, while the internal resistance of the meter is
500Ω. It is to be used as a voltmeter to measure a voltage range of
0-10V. Calculate the multiplier resistance needed (Ans: 249.5K Ω)
6. PMMC instrument with an internal resistance of 50Ω and a full

scale deflection current of 1.5mA is to be used in the design of
multirange DC voltmeter with voltage ranges of 0-10V and 0-25V.
Calculate the value of the multiplier resistors in the circuit. (Ans:
6.62K Ω, 9.997K Ω)

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DEE10013 : MEASUREMENT DEVICES

At the end of this topic, students should be able to :

RSH = Shunt resistance

2. The parallel resistor is called a shunt resistor and

3. Thus the shunt resistance and PMMC can be

1. The resistors are placed in parallel to give different

2. Then, it becomes two shunts Rsh1 and Rsh2 and will

3. The selector switch S is multiposition switch is

4. Switch S also protects the meter movement from

1. When switch, S is connected at Rsh1, the shunt

3. When switch, S is connected at Rsh2, the shunt

If the input is connect to position 1, it can be say

Where Ish = shunt current for this position

input is connect to position 3,

2types of multi range

Rs = Multiplier Resistor /Series resistor

2. The Series resistor is known as a multiplier

3. The purpose of multiplier resistance is to extend

From Voltage Kirchoff Law,

2. The selector switch S is multiposition switch is

3. When S =V1 (maximum voltage range) R1 + R2 acts

4. when the switch S = V2 (lowest voltage range) only

Two Range DC Voltmeter

In position V2 (lowest voltage range), the multiplier

Two Range DC Voltmeter

In position V1 (maximum voltage range), the

Two Range DC Voltmeter

Rs2 = (V2 / Ifs) – Rm

Rs3 = (V3 / Ifs) – Rm

2. A 100µA meter movement with an internal resistance of

3. Design a two range DC ammeter with a basic meter having a

5. A moving coil instrument gives a full scale deflection with a

6. PMMC instrument with an internal resistance of 50Ω and a full

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