The document discusses architectural styles from early civilizations including Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman eras. It describes key structures from each era such as megalithic stones from Pre-Historic times including menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. Egyptian architecture is characterized by thick sloping walls with few openings and symbolic ornamentation. Key structures mentioned are pyramids at Giza and mastabas. Greek architecture featured temples with central shrines surrounded by columns in three orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Roman architecture adopted and developed Greek styles.
The document discusses architectural styles from early civilizations including Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman eras. It describes key structures from each era such as megalithic stones from Pre-Historic times including menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. Egyptian architecture is characterized by thick sloping walls with few openings and symbolic ornamentation. Key structures mentioned are pyramids at Giza and mastabas. Greek architecture featured temples with central shrines surrounded by columns in three orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Roman architecture adopted and developed Greek styles.
The document discusses architectural styles from early civilizations including Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman eras. It describes key structures from each era such as megalithic stones from Pre-Historic times including menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. Egyptian architecture is characterized by thick sloping walls with few openings and symbolic ornamentation. Key structures mentioned are pyramids at Giza and mastabas. Greek architecture featured temples with central shrines surrounded by columns in three orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Roman architecture adopted and developed Greek styles.
The document discusses architectural styles from early civilizations including Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek, and Roman eras. It describes key structures from each era such as megalithic stones from Pre-Historic times including menhirs, dolmens, and cromlechs. Egyptian architecture is characterized by thick sloping walls with few openings and symbolic ornamentation. Key structures mentioned are pyramids at Giza and mastabas. Greek architecture featured temples with central shrines surrounded by columns in three orders: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Roman architecture adopted and developed Greek styles.
Quarter 1 Module5 Western Classical Art Traditions Ancient Art
mapeh MAPEH-Arts Quarter 1 – Module 5 Title: Western Classical Art Traditions First Edition, 2020
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Writer: Mary Cor G. Orias Editors: Anthony Quinalayo Reviewers: Arian T. Huit Illustrator: Layout Artist: Elaine F. Demdam & Lynette Mamauag Management Team: Wilma Q. Del Rosario, Division EPS In Charge of LRMDS Name of EPS (Subject)
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Telefax: E-mail Address: Arts 9 Quarter 1 Module 5 Title:WESTERN CLASSICAL ART TRADITIONS Pre-Historic, Ancient Egypt, Classical Greek and Roman Era Architectures Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the MAPEH-ARTS Grade 9 Module5 on Western Classical Art Traditions
( Ancient Art )
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-In-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin in partnership with the Local Government of Pasig through its Mayor, Honorable Vico Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning material hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs namely: Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking and Character while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. For the learner:
Welcome to the MAPEH Module5 on Arts 9 ( Western Classical Arts Traditions )
Ancient Art
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
Expectation - These are what you will be able to know after completing the lessons in the module
Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.
Recap - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you understand from the previous lesson.
Lesson- This section will discuss the topic for this module.
Activities - This is a set of activities you will perform.
Wrap Up- This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.
Valuing-this part will check the integration of values in the learning
competency.
Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire module. EXPECTATION
In this module the students will learn to, compare the characteristics of artworks
produced in the different art periods. (A9PL-Ih-4)
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. compared the characteristics of artworks produced in Pre-Historic,
Egyptian, Greek and Roman Era;
2. created a miniature using available materials guided by the concepts and
ideas from Pre-Historic, Egyptian, Greek and Roman Era; and
3. realized the importance of concepts and ideas of architecture from Pre-
Historic, Egyptian, Greek and Roman Era.
PRE–TEST
DIRECTION: Unscramble the letters to reveal the name of the given picture.
1. Y A D I P R M 3. A P T O N R H E N 2. L I M A G T H E 4. M O L O C S E U S
RECAP DIRECTION: Identify the era of sculpture described in the following sentences.
1. Their sculptures have greater freedom of style.
2. Some of their famous sculptural pieces are reliquaries, altar frontals,
crucifixes, and devotional images.
3. Materials used during this period vary according to region and locality.
4. Symbolic elements such as forms, hieroglyphics, relative size, location,
materials, color, actions, and gesture were widely used during this era.
5. Most of their sculptures are made of monumental terra-cotta.
LESSON
ARCHITECTURE FROM THE EARLY AGE
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
Man has developed a form of architecture based on megaliths (a big rock) from
the Greek word lithos (“stone”) and megas (“big”). This architecture is made of
huge stone blocks which were probably intended for burial. Megalithic
monuments have always ignited man’s imagination. They provided plenty of
legends and superstitions. During this era, stones and rocks were associated
with divinity.
Three Main Types of Megalith Stones
1. MENHIR – a huge stone standing vertically
standing in the middle of the field arranged
in rows.
2. DOLMENS – the word dolmen originated from the expression taol maen,
which means “stone table”. These
structures are in a form of table consisting
of two huge standing stones supporting a
horizontal giant stone. It is believed that it
served as grave or as an altar.
3. CROMLECH – a Brythonic word where crom
means “bent” or “curved” and lech which
means “slab” or “flagstones”. Literally it is
a circle of standing stones.
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
The architectural design was developed during the pre-dynastic period 4,000
BC.
Characteristics of Egyptian Architecture:
1. The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings to obtain stability.
2. The exterior and interior walls along with columns and piers were covered
with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant
colors.
3. Ornamentations were symbolic.
4. Temples were aligned with astronomically significant events like solstices
and equinox with precise measurements.
The Pyramid of Giza are the most
substantial ancient structures of the
world. The three pyramids are the
funerary structures of the three kings of
the fourth dynasty (2575 to 2465 BC).
These pyramids were made highly confusing and with many tunnels to create
confusion for grave robbers.
Egyptian temples were built
to serve as places of
residence for the Gods. They
also served as key centers for
economic activity. Ancient temples were made of perishable materials like
wood, reed matting, and mud brick. The walls were covered with scenes that
were carved onto the stone then brightly painted.
The Mastaba is a type of Egyptian tomb
in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular
structure with outward sloping sides. It
was made of mudbricks or stones.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows
of columns. These buildings were designated in one of three architectural style or orders:
The Parthenon (447-432 BC, Athens) is the
greatest classical Greek temple, ingeniously engineered to correct an optical illusion. The columns were slightly contorted, swollen at the center and leaning inward to correct what would otherwise have been an impression of deadness and top heaviness.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
They built sturdy stone structures both for
use and to perpetuate their glory. The emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths, and processions. They built these with gigantic arches of stone, bricks and concrete, or with barrel Colosseum, also known as Flavian vaults. Amphitheatre in Rome, Italy. Image from Wikipedia.org ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTION: Draw the different forms of the early age architecture and identify the distinctive characteristics (materials used, etc.) and purpose of architecture. ERA CHARACTERISTICS & PURPOSE Pre-Historic
Ancient Egypt
Greek
Roman ACTIVITY 2 – ART PRODUCTION MINI STONEHENGE Experience the feel of pre-historic architecture by creating a mini Stonehenge using recycled and available local materials. Materials: Flat and elongated rocks (paper-mache if stones unavailable) Glue gun and glue stick Soil Pot with soil or *cardboard Procedure: 1. Collect stones of different shapes, preferably elongated and flat stones. Ask for the help of your parents/guardians. 2. Clean your stones thoroughly with soap and water, then dry. 3. While waiting for your stones to dry out, prepare your Stonehenge stand. You can use a vacant pot/garden dish filled with soil. 4. *If pot with soil is not available, use cardboard. Color your card board green for the ground grass effect or you can improvise using similar materials. 5. If the Stonehenge stand is ready, arrange your Stonehenge. Select from the three types of megaliths. Use glue gun or paste to stick your Stonehenge in place. 6. If satisfied with artwork, take a photo of it and present to your teacher. WRAP–UP
DIRECTION: Fill the statements below to complete the sentence.
PRE-HISTORIC ARCHITECTURE Pre-historic man has developed a form of architecture based on ___________. The architecture is made of ______________ which were probably intended for ____________. There are three main types of this: _________________, _______________, and ______________. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE One of the most interesting Egyptian architecture are the ____________ which are used as tomb for ____________. The ______________ is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides. It was made of ________________. GREEK AND ROMAN ARCHITECTURE The most noticeable feature of Greek and Roman architecture are the _____________. There are three types of this; _____________, ____________, and _____________. In Greece, the ______________ is the greatest classical temple known to man while in Rome, an arena called _______________ was erected for public games and processions.
VALUING
As early as the pre-historic period, homes in whatever form, have always been
one of our basic need for survival. Houses from then on evolved from caves to
stones, and man continues to improve the structure and architecture of
community buildings, bridges, churches and most importantly – our homes. The importance of our homes being the greatest architecture was by far magnified
because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the government’s call for STAY AT
HOME was roaring loud during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Why do
you think staying at home is stressed out by the government? What are your
reflections while staying at the comfort of your home during this crisis? What
are your stay at home adventures?
POST TEST
DIRECTION: Chose the letter with the correct answer.
1. A pre-historic structure in a form of table consisting of two huge standing stones supporting a horizontal giant stones. A. Cromlech C. Megalith B. Dolmens D. Menhir 2. A type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed, rectangular structure with outward sloping sides. A. Colosseum C. Mastaba B. Giza D. Parthenon 3. Below are the characteristics of Egyptian architecture, except; A. The architecture is made huge stone block called megaliths. B. The ornamentations were symbolic. C. The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings. D. Temples were aligned with astronomically significant events. 4. A Greek classical temple with impressive columns, ingeniously engineered to correct optical illusion. A. Colosseum C. Mastaba B. Giza D. Parthenon 5. Roman architecture intended for huge balls and arenas for public games, baths, and procession. A. Colosseum C. Mastaba B. Giza D. Parthenon KEY TO CORRECTION R E F E R E N CE S
Printed Music and Arts 9 Learner’s Material, First Edition 2014
