78111340.I Percentage Calculations Solutions USA

Percentage Calculations
Percentage
Calculations
Solutions
Curriculum Ready
www.mathletics.com
How does it work? Solutions Percentage Calculations
Page 3 questions
Fractions and percentages
1 a 3 = 3 % b 41 = 41 % c 110 = 110 % d 200 = 200 %

100 100 100 100
7 89 117 336
2 a 7% = b 89% = c 117% = d 336% =
100 100 100 100
20 1 15 3 80 4
3 a 20% = = b 15% = = c 80% = =
100 5 100 20 100 5
Simplified Simplified Simplified
24 6 42 21 96 24
d 24% = = e 42% = = f 96% = =
100 25 100 50 100 25
125 5 180 9 350 7

g 125% = = h 180% = = i 350% = =
100 4 100 5 100 2
improper improper improper
24 ' 3 48 ' 2 175 ' 5

4 a 24 = b 48 = c 175 =
300 200 500
300 ' 3 200 ' 2 500 ' 5
8 24 35
= = =
100 100 100
= 8 % = 24 % = 35 %
Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 1

Mathletics Passport © 3P Learning SERIES TOPIC
Page 4 questions
3# 10 12 # 4 6# 20
5 a 3 = b 12 = c 6 =
10 25 5
10 # 10 25 # 4 5# 20
30 48 120
= = =
100 100 100
= 30 % = 48 % = 120 %
7 # 50 9 # 25 7 # 20
6 a 3 1 = b 2 1 = c 1 2 =
2 4 5
2 # 50 4 # 25 5 # 20
350 225 140

= = =
100 100 100
= 350 % = 225 % = 140 %
7 a 1 = 50 % b 1 = 20 % c 8 = 32 %
2 5 25
d 13 = 26 % e 5 = 250 % f 15 = 75 %
50 2 20
12 15
8 a 2 2 = = 240 % b 3 3 = = 375 %
5 4
5 4
27 109
c 1 7 = = 135 % d 4 9 = = 436 %
20 25
20 25
2 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

SERIES TOPIC Mathletics Passport © 3P Learning
Page 5 questions
2.6 3 3.75 3
9 a 13 = = 2.6 % = 2 % b 30 = = 3.75 % = 3 %
500 800
100 5 100 4
Decimal Mixed number Decimal Mixed number
4.25 1 5.2 1
c 17 = = 4.25 % = 4 % d 26 = = 5.2 % = 5 %
400 500
100 4 100 5
9.4 2 10.5 1
e 47 = = 9.4 % = 9 % f 42 = = 10.5 % = 10 %
500 400
100 5 100 2
1.5 3 1.4 7
10 a 3 = = 1.5 %= % b 7 = = 1.4 %= %
200 500
100 2 100 5
Decimal Improper fraction Decimal Improper fraction
1.125 9 1.2 5
c 9 = = 1.125 % = % d 9 = = 1.2 %= %
800 750
100 8 100 4
Decimal Improper fraction Decimal Improper fraction

Page 7 questions
Decimals and percentages
1 a 15% = 0.15 b 20% = 0.20 c 4% = 0.04 d 9% = 0.09
e 125% = 1 . 2 5 f 250% = 2.50 g 110% = 1.10 h 305% = 3.05
2 a 0.03 = 3 % b 0.16 = 16 % c 1.12 = 112 % d 2.45 = 245 %
e 0.125 = 12.5 % f 0.253 = 25.3 % g 0.018 = 1.8 % h 0.2225 = 22.25 %
3 a 0.015 = 1.5 % b 0.185 = 18.5 % c 0.012 = 1.2 % d 0.458 = 45.8 %

Decimal Decimal Decimal Decimal
3 1 6 4
= % = 18 % = % = 45 %
2 2 5 5
Improper fraction Mixed number Improper fraction Mixed number
11 31 9 109
4 a 155% = 1.55 = 1 = b 218% = 2.18 = 2 =
20 20 50 50
Decimal Mixed number Improper Decimal Mixed number Improper
fraction fraction
1 201 51 551
c 100.5% = 1.005 = 1 = d 220.4% = 2.204 = 2 =
200 200 250 250
fraction fraction
94 469 129 629

e 375.20% = 3.752 = 3 = f 125.8% = 1.258 = 1 =
125 125 500 500
fraction fraction

Page 8 questions
Decimals and percentages
5 a Simplified fraction = 1 b Mixed number form = 5 1 %

4 2
Decimal = 0.25 Improper fraction form = 11 %
2
Simplified fraction = 11
200
Decimal = 0.055
c Improper fraction form = 19 % d Improper fraction form = 17 %

4 8
Decimal form = 4.75% Decimal form = 2.125%
Simplified fraction = 19 Simplified fraction = 17

400 800
Decimal = 0.0475 Decimal = 0.02125
e Mixed number form = 112 1 % f Mixed number form = 237 1 %

2 5
Improper fraction form = 225 % Improper fraction form = 1186 %
2 5
Simplified mixed number = 1 1 Simplified mixed number = 2 93
8 250
g Mixed number form = 17 1 % h Decimal form = 7.1875%

4
4 16
Simplified fraction = 69 Simplified fraction = 23
400 320
i Mixed number form = 2 3 % j Decimal form = 100.625%

8
8 8
Simplified fraction = 19 Simplified mixed number = 1 1
800 160

Page 10 questions
Repeating decimals and percentages
1 5 7 1
1 a o =
0.1% % b o =
0.5% % c o =
0.07% % d 0.06o % = %
9 9 90 15
1 3 2 3 8 7
2 a 0.13o % = + %= % b 0.38o % = + %= %
10 90 15 10 90 18
8 3 1 5 7 13
c 0.083o = + %= % d 0.057o % = + %= %
100 900 12 100 900 225
3 a 23 1 % = 23.3o % = 0.23o b 14 4 % = 14.4o % = 0.14o

3 9
Decimal form Equivalent decimal Decimal form Equivalent decimal
7 13
= =
30 90
Fraction Fraction
c 51 % = 5.1o % = 0.051o d 92 % = 9.6o % = 0.096o

9 3
Decimal form Equivalent decimal Decimal form Equivalent decimal
23 29
= =
450 300
Fraction Fraction

Page 11 questions
Repeating decimals and percentages
4 0.209o
0.021o 30 1 %
3
21 % 91
9 1 300
900 0.001o
11
300
187
0.207o
900
20 1 % 91
9 300
7.6o % 0.054o 0.05o
49 54%
900 9
4
75
32 % 0.036o
3
23
300 5.5o %
5
0.076o 90
1%
9
51 % 0.053o
3
19
0.303o 20 7 % 900
9

Page 12 questions
Recurring decimals and percentages
5 a 8 = 8 ' 11 b 19 = 19 ' 12
11 12
= o o
0.72 Repeating decimal = 1.583o Repeating decimal
= o o
0.72 # 100 % = 1.583o # 100 %
= 72.7 % = 158.3 %
Equivalent percentage to 1 d.p. Equivalent percentage to 1 d.p.
c 5 = 0.83o d 2 = 0.13o e 5 = 0.27o

6 15 18
Repeating decimal Repeating decimal Repeating decimal
= 83.3 % = 13.3 % = 27.8 %
Percentage to 1 d.p. Percentage to 1 d.p. Percentage to 1 d.p.
f 9 = o o
0.409 g 7 = 0.583o h 13 = oo
0.37
22 12 33
= 40.9 % = 58.3 % = 39.4 %

i 12 = o o
1.09 j 17 = 1.13o k 16 = 1.3o
11 15 12
= 109.1 % = 113.3 % = 133.3 %


Page 14 questions
Complementary percentages
1 a 10% b 25% c 55%

Complement = 90 % Complement = 75 % Complement = 45 %
d 37% e 2% f 99%
Complement = 63 % Complement = 98 % Complement = 1 %
2 a 0.4 b 0.8 c 0.75

Complement = 0.6 Complement = 0.2 Complement = 0.25
d 0.65 e 0.32 f 0.07

Complement = 0.35 Complement = 0.68 Complement = 0.93
g 0.6o h 0.8o i 0.14o

Complement = 0.3o Complement = 0.1o Complement = 0.85o
3 a 1 b 3 c 4
3 2 4 1 5 1
Complement = Complement = Complement =
3 4 5
d 1 e 7 f 13
2 1 10 3 25 12
Complement = Complement = Complement =
2 10 25
4 a 65.5% b 0.5% c 12.75%

Complement = 34.5 % Complement = 99.5 % Complement = 87.25 %
d 30.15% e 73.12% f 90.99%

Complement = 68.85 % Complement = 26.88 % Complement = 9.01 %
g 22 1 % h 90 5 % i 3 %
5 6 20
Complement = 77 4 % Complement = 91 % Complement = 99 17 %
5 6 20

Where does it work? Solutions Percentage Calculations
Page 16 questions
Percentages of an amount
15 28
1 a 15% of 40 = # 40 b 28% of 75 = # 75
100 100
= 6 = 21
c 65% of 60 = 65 # 100 # 60 d 22.5% of 280 = 22.5 ' 100 # 280
= 0.65 # 60 = 0.225 # 280
= 39 = 63
2 a 20 # 65 = 0.2 # 65 b 60 # 35 = 0.6 # 35 c 22 # 25 = 0.22 # 25

100 100 100
= 13 = 21 = 5.5
d 15 e 67.5 # 48 = 0.675 # 48 f 34.5 # 14

# 30 = 0.15 # 30 = 0.345 # 14
100 100 100
= 4.5 = 32.4 = 4.83
g 125 # 12 = 1.25 # 12 h 220 # 40 = 2.20 # 40

100 100
= 15 = 88
i 150 # 15 = 1.5 # 315 j 175 # 79 = 1.75 # 79

100 100
= 22.5 = 138.25

Page 17 questions
3 a b c
= 50 % = 25 % = 60 %
d e f
= 30 % = 33.3o % = 62.5 %
g h i
= 250 % = 120 % = 375 %
4 a 50% b 20% c 25%
d 75% e 30% f 65%
5 a 0.75 b 0.25 c 0.3o d 0.583o
6 a 90% b 25% c 35% d 49%

Page 18 questions
6 a 40% chose vegetarian course. ` 40 # 95 = 38

100
` 38 of the diners chose the vegetarian course.
b 30% of the time was in meetings. ` 30 # 8 = 2.4 hours

100
` Mitch spent 2 hours and 24 minutes in meetings.
c 15.5% of the tickets still available. ` 15.5 # 12 800 = 1984 tickets

100
` There are 1984 tickets available after 1 hour.
d 42% of the time was right paddle. ` 42 # 3650 = 1533

100
` The right paddle entered the water 1533 times.
7 40% of 75 40 # 75 = 30
100
75% of 40 75 # 40 = 30
100
This is true for all percentage calculations because both are the same calculation and are examples
of the commutative law ^a # b = b # ah .
40% of 75 = 40 # 75 =
40 #
75 = 40 # 75 = 75 # 40 = 75 #
40 = 75 # 40 = 75% of 40
100 100 1 100 100 100 1 100
Page 19 questions
8 25% of the 64GB left. ` 25 # 64 = 16

100
` There are 16GB left on the music device.
9 87.5% of the listed items in the shopping trolley. ` 87.5 # 96 = 84

100
` There 84 of the listed items are in the shopping trolley.
10 0.57 of the pieces are left to complete the puzzle. ` 0.57 # 900 = 513
` 513 pieces still need to be placed to complete the jigsaw puzzle.
11 (i) The sled has 1 - 0.15o = 0.84o of the way down left to go.
(ii) 0.84o of the way down the hill left. ` 0.84o # 450 = 380

Page 20 questions
12 (i) 1 - 1 = 2 = 66.6o %
3 3
` 66.6o % of the lightning strikes did not occur on the golf course.
(ii) 2 # 78 = 52
3
` 52 of the lightning strikes did not occur on the golf course.
13 100% - 83 1 % = 16 2 %
3 3
o
` Number of surveys not returned = 16.6 # 252 = 42
100
` 42 of the surveys posted out were not returned.
14 Total number of dots = 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 21
100% - 14 2 % = 85 5 %
7 7
85 5
` Number of other non-centerd dots = 7 # 21 = 18
100
` 18 of the dots on a normal dice are not located at the center of a side.
15 (i) 0.7953o # 18 = 14.316

` The water level is 14.3m from the top of the well accurate to 1 decimal place.
(ii) Water level = 18 - 14.316 = 3.684 m
` The water level is 3.684 # 100 = 20 7 % of the well is full.

18 15
` 125%, so the water level indicates drought conditions.

Page 22 questions
One amount as a percentage of another
1 a 35 # 100% = 70% b ^3.2 ' 5h # 100% = 64%

50
^17 ' 22.5h # 100% = 75.5o % ` 3 ' 5 j # 100% = 41.6o %

2 a b 1 4
= 75 5 % = 41 2 %
9 3
3 a ^10.5 ' 83.4h # 100% = 12.58992806 f%

. 12.59% (to 2 d.p.)
b ^12.25o ' 50h # 100% = 24.51o %

. 24.51% (to 2 d.p.)
Pencil type
4 a ^15.3 ' 22.5h # 100% = 68% HB
Pencil type
b ^13.05 ' 22.5h # 100% = 58% 3H
Pencil type
c ^18.225 ' 22.5h # 100% = 81% 5B
Pencil type
d ^16.825 ' 22.5h # 100% = 75% 3B
5 40 - 25 = 15 vegetables do not get a nutritional report.

` ^15 ' 40h # 100% = 37.5%
` 37.5% of the vegetables do not get a nutritional report written about them.

Page 23 questions
One amount as a percentage of another
6 582 - 368 = 214 birds wait for the first flock to leave.
` ^214 ' 582h # 100% = 36.76975945f%
` . 37% of the migrating birds leave as part of the second flock.
7 a ^361130 976 ' 510 072 000h # 100% = 70.8%

` 70.8% of the Earth’s surface is covered in salt water.
b 70.8% of 196 935 000 square miles = ^70.8 ' 100h # 196 935 000
= 139 429 980 square miles
` 139 429 980 square miles of the Earth’s surface is covered in salt water.
8 First five minutes = ^980.24 # 60 # 5h = 294 072 hits.

` ^294 072 ' 1225 300h # 100% = 24%
` 24% of the hits occurred in the first five minutes.
9 Gallons left = ^125.75 - 70.8h = 54.95 gallons remaining.
` ^54.95 ' 125.75h # 100% = 43.67981312f%

. 43.70% (to 2 d.p.)
` approximately 43.7% of the water remains in the tank.

What else can you do? Solutions Percentage Calculations
Page 25 questions
Percentage change
1 a 10% increase =
100% + 10% b 40% decrease = 100% - 40%
= 110 % of initial amount = 60 % of initial amount

` Increase of 10% = 1.1 # 25 = 27.5 ` Decrease of 40% = 0.6 # 65 = 39

Decimal form Decimal form
Other method: Other method:

Find 10% of 25 and add to 25 Find 40% of 65 and subtract from 65
10% of 25 = 0.1 # 25 40% of 65 = 0.4 # 65

Decimal form Decimal form
= 2.5 = 26

` Increase of 10% = 2.5 + 25 = 27.5 ` Decrease of 40% = 65 - 26 = 39
2 a A decrease of 30% = 100% - 30%

= 70% of original amount
` 70% of 50 = 0.70 # 50
= 35
b An increase of 25% = 100% + 25%

` 125% of 76 = 1.25 # 76
= 95
c An increase of 5% = 100% + 5%
` 105% of 6.2 = 1.05 # 6.2

= 6.51

Page 25 questions
Percentage change
2 d A reduction of 1.5% = 100% - 1.5%

= 98.5% of original amount
` 98.5% of 8 = 0.985 # 8
= 7.88
e An increase of 33.3o % = 100% + 33.3o %

= 133.3o % of original amount
` 133.3o % of 258 = 1.3o # 258

= 344
f An increase of 92% = 100% + 92%

` 192% of 12.8 = 1.92 # 12.8

= 24.576
3 a A decrease of 100% = 100% - 100%

` 0% of 50 = 0.00 # 50
= 0 cars
b No, because a decrease of more than 100% gives you a negative number of cars.
Negative amounts of a physical quantity means you finish with less than zero cars,
which is not possible.

Page 26 questions
Percentage change
4 a An increase of 100% = 100% + 100%

` 200% of 70 = 2.00 # 70
= 140
b An increase of 100% is the same as doubling. So an equivalent mathematical calculation is 2 # 70.
c An increase of 200% = 100% + 200%

` 300% of 70 = 3.00 # 70
= 210
d An increase of 200% is the same as tripling. So an equivalent mathematical calculation is 3 # 70.
e Let n be any positive counting number. An increase of n # 100% = (n + 1) # the original amount.
5 a An increase of 50% = 100% + 50%

` 150% of $20 = 1.50 # $20

= $30
b A decrease of 50% = 100% - 50%

= 50% of amount in part a
` 50% of $30 = 0.50 # $30

= $15
c The increased amount is $30 and the original amount is $20, 50% of both values is different,
so when decreasing the larger amount by a similar percentage, the actual amount it is reduced
by is also larger.

Page 26 questions
Percentage change
6 a An increase of 20% = 100% + 20%

` 120% of 80m = 1.20 # 80 m

= 96 m
A further increase of 25% = 100% + 25%

= 125% of new amount
` 125% of 96m = 1.25 # 96 m

= 120 m
b No, because the whole 45% is calculated on the smaller initial value (increasing 80m by
45% = 116 m). When split into two increases, the remaining 25% is calculated using a larger
value, so therefore a larger increase.
Page 27 questions
Percentage change
7 a An increase of 33.3o % = 100% + 33.3o %

` 133.3o % of 60 = 1.3o # 60
= 80
A further decrease of 20% = 100% - 20%

= 80% of new amount
` 80% of 80 = 0.80 # 80
= 64

Page 27 questions
Percentage change
7 b A reduction of 25% = 100% - 25%

` 75% of 200 = 0.75 # 200

= 150
A further reduction of 70.5% = 100% - 70.5%

= 29.5% of new amount
` 29.5% of 150 = 0.295 # 150

= 44.25
c A decrease of 12% = 100% - 12%

` 88% of $55 = 0.88 # $55

= $48.40
A further increase of 16% = 100% + 16%

= 116% of new amount
` 116% of $48.40 = 1.16 # $48.40

= $56.14
d An inflation of 5.25% = 100% + 5.25%

= 105.25% of original amount
` 105.25% of $90 = 1.0525 # $90

= $94.725
A further reduction of 0.6% = 100% - 0.6%

= 99.4% of new amount
` 99.4% of $94.725 = 0.994 # $94.725

= $94.16

Page 27 questions
Percentage change
8 a An increase of 45% = 100% + 45%

` 145% of 20 = 1.45 # 20
= 29 triangles
` need to add 9 same-sized triangles to the diagram.
b A reduction of 66.6o % = 100% - 66.6o %

` 33.3o % of 27 = 0.3o # 27
= 9 bananas
` need cross off 18 bananas to leave only 9.
c 60% of 20 squares = 0.6 # 20

= 12 shaded
A decrease of 75% = 100% - 75%

= 25% of 12 squares
` 25% of 12 = 0.25 # 12
= 3 squares
` only 3 squares remain shaded.

Page 28 questions
Percentage change
9 Ingredients Percentage Quantity needed

change needed for 4 people
0.75 red onions
• • 75% decrease • •1
[serves 3]
viii • 80 mL
0.55 g marinated • 71 1 % decrease • L D
• 3
feta [serves 1] •3
• 66.6o % decrease • K
20 g Salt x • 60 mL
•
[serves 16]
• 60% reduction • • 225 g
v
7.5 tomatoes • 200 g
•
[serves 10] • 33 1 % increase •
3 S A • 70 mL
120 mL vinegar mix
• vi • 50% less •
[serves 8] • 7.5 g
350 g olives ix • 75% more • • 220 g

•
[serves 7] A •5g
• 33.3o % decrease •
187.5 mL olive oil iv
• • 9.5 g
[serves 6] • 300% increase • E
vii • 125 mL
3 of a lebanese E
• iii • 20% removed •
4 • 150 mL
cucumber [serves 2]
G
i • 180 g
• 42 6 % decrease •
26 1 g of oregano 7
4 • • 1.5
[serves 14] 6
ii • 42 7 % increase • •2
225 g chopped red R
•
peppers [serves 5] • 100% increase • •4
G R E E K S A L A D
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)

Page 30 questions
Unitary method
1 a 25% of the amount = 40 b 112% of the amount = 84
` 1% of the amount = 40 ' 25 ` 1% of the amount = 84 ' 112
= 1.6 = 0.75

` 100% of the amount = 1.6 # 100 ` 100% of the amount = 0.75 # 100
= 160 = 75

2 a 55% = 220 b 325% = 487.5

` 1% = 220 ' 55 ` 1% = 487.5 ' 325
=4 = 1.5
` 100% = 4 # 100 ` 100% = 1.5 # 100

= 400 = 150
c 34.2% = 282.15 d 115 3 % = 1269 1

8 8
` 1% = 282.15 ' 34.2 ` 1% = 1269 1 ' 115 3
8 8
= 8.25 = 11
` 100% = 8.25 # 100 ` 100% = 11 # 100

= 825 = 1100
e 286% = 16 094 f 14 2 % = 7.16o

3
` 1% = 16 094 ' 286 ` 1% = 7.16o ' 14 2
3
oo
= 56.27
= 0.488636363
o o # 100 o o ...
= 0.48863
` 100% = 56.27
oo
= 5627.27 o o # 100
` 100% = 0.488 63
oo
= 48.8 63

Page 31 questions
Unitary method
3 a 65% = 390 b 12% = 46g

` 1% = 390 ' 65 ` 1% = 46 ' 12
=6 = 3.83o g
` 32% = 6 # 32 ` 30% = 3.83o # 30

= 192 units = 115g
c 110% = 5kg d 290% = 4096

` 1% = 5 ' 110 ` 1% = 4096 ' 290
o o kg
= 0.045 = 14.12413793 f
o o # 44
` 44% = 0.045 ` 72.5% = 14.124137 93 # 72.5
= 2kg = 1024 amoeba
4 a 35% = 56kg b 87.5% = 8575 termites

` 1% = 56 ' 35 ` 1% = 8575 ' 87.5
= 1.6 = 98 termites
` 100% = 1.6 # 100 ` 11.5% = 11.5 # 98

= 160kg = 1127 soldier termites
c 2 # 41250 = 16 500 people

5
60% = 16 500 people
` 1% = 16 500 ' 60
= 275 people
` 100% = 275 # 100

= 27 500 people

Page 32 questions
Unitary method
5 a 100 # 16 = 45.71428571f b 100 # 96 = 21.3o

35 450
= 45.71 (to 2 d.p.) = 21.33 (to 2 d.p.)
c 45 # 121 = 76.69014085f d 50 # 245.8 = 96.015625 f

71 128
= 76.69 (to 2 d.p.) = 96.02 (to 2 d.p.)
10 3
e 140 #
5 = 2.916o f 7 # 2130 = 4164.910714 f
30 8 5 1
3
= 2.92 (to 2 d.p.) = 4164.91 seconds (to 2 d.p.)
6 a 70 #8 = 224 b 70 #7 = 196 c 70 # 3.5 = 98

2.5 2.5 2.5
Page 34 questions
Profit and loss
1 a Cost price = $25 b Cost price = $45.00 c Cost price = $104.25

Sale price = $22 Sale price = $63.50 Sale price = $140.75
Profit X Profit X Profit
` $3 ` $18.50 ` $36.50
X Loss Loss Loss
2 a Cost price = $18.00 X Profit b Cost price = $5.20 Profit

$4.50 $1.04
Sale price = $22.50 Loss Sale price = $4.16 X Loss
`
( $4.50 ' $18.00
) # 100% `
( $1.04 ' $5.20
) # 100%
= 25 % X Profit of the cost price = 20 % Profit of the cost price

Loss of the cost price X Loss of the cost price

Page 34 questions
Profit and loss
3 a Cost price = $34.56 Profit b Cost price = $49.66 X Profit

$8.96 $74.49
Sale price = $25.60 X Loss Sale price = $124.15 Loss
`
( $8.96 ' $25.60
) # 100% `
( $12.76 ' $124.15
) # 100%
. 35 % Profit of the sale price . 60 % X Profit of the sale price

X Loss of the sale price Loss of the sale price
4 a Cost price = $20.50 Profit b Cost price = $59.40 X Profit

$9.05 $25.55
Sale price = $11.45 X Loss Sale price = $84.95 Loss
= 44.1 % Profit of the cost price = 43.0 % X Profit of the cost price
X Loss of the cost price Loss of the cost price
= 79.0 % Profit of the cost price = 30.1 % X Profit of the cost price
X Loss of the cost price Loss of the cost price
Page 35 questions
Profit and loss
5 a $24 marked up 25% = 1.25 # $24 b $32.50 marked up 46% = 1.46 # $32.50
= $30 = $47.45
Marked price = $ 30.00 Marked price = $ 47.45
c $230 marked up 12.5% = 1.125 # $230

= $258.75
Marked price = $ 258.75
6 a 40% discount on $157 = 0.60 # $157 b 40% discount on $78.50 = 0.60 # $78.50
= $94.20 = $47.10
Discounted price = $ 94.20 Discounted price = $ 47.10

Page 35 questions
Profit and loss
7 a $210 marked up 50% = 1.50 # $210 5 tables sold for $315 = total sales of $1575.
5 tables cost at $210 each = $1050.
= $315
Therefore, profit = $1575 - $1050
= $525 profit.
b Profit as a percentage of the cost price: Or simply, since the markup was 50% on all of
them and they were sold at this price, then the
= ($525 ' $1050) # 100%
profit is 50%!
= 50% profit.
c Discount of 40% = 0.60 # $315

= $189
d Total sales of the tables: Total cost of the tables was 10 # $210 = $2100
= 5 # $315 + 5 # $189 Sale price 2 Cost price, so in profit
= $2520 ` Profit = $2520 - $2100 = $420
Page 36 questions
Profit and loss
8 a Percentage discount = 30% b Percentage discount = 70%
Discount of 30% = 70% of original value Discount of 70% = 30% of original value
` 70% = $3150 ` 30% = $55.80
` 1% = $3150 ' 70 ` 1% = $55.80 ' 30
= $45 = $1.86
` 100% = $45 # 100 ` 100% = $1.86 # 100
= $4500 = $186
` Marked price = $4500 ` Marked price = $186

Page 36 questions
Profit and loss
8 c Percentage discount = 50% d Percentage discount = 20%
Discount of 50% = 50% of original value Discount of 20% = 80% of original value
` 50% = $97.50 ` 80% = $455.60
` 1% = $97.50 ' 50 ` 1% = $455.60 ' 80
= $1.95 = $5.695
` 100% = $1.95 # 100 ` 100% = $5.695 # 100
= $195 = $569.50
` Marked price = $195.00 ` Marked price = $569.50
9 Markup of 20% = 1.2 # $40

= $48.00
A following discount of 15% = 0.85 # $48.00
= $40.80
` sale price = $40.80, so the retailer made a profit of $0.80.
Page 37 questions
Profit and loss
10 a Markup of 38% = 1.38 # $200 b Discount = $76

= $276.00 ` Percentage discount = ($76 ' $276) # 100%
` marked price = $276.00 . 27.5% (to 1 d.p.)
11 a Cost price = 1.125 # $890 b Labeled price = 1.2 # $1001.25

= $1001.25 = $1201.50
` $1001.25 - $890
= $111.25 loss on the sale c Discount = $1201.50 - $890
= $311.50
` ($311.50 ' $1001.25) # 100%
= 31.1% (to 1 d.p.)

Page 37 questions
Profit and loss
12 a Marked price = 1.363o # $72.50 b Minimum sale price = 1.1725 # $72.50

= $98.8416o = $85.00625
= $98.84 (to 2 d.p.) = $85 (nearest whole dollar)
c Minimum discount = ^$98.84 - $85h

= $13.84
Maximum percentage discount = ^$13.84 ' $98.84h # 100% = 14.002 42817 . 14%
Page 38 questions
More applications of percentage calculations
1 a Protein per 100g = 8.0 g b Protein recommended = ^70 # 0.8h

` 8% protein = 56 g
c 56g ' 0.4g = 140 servings! d 140 # 3.8g = 532 g
e For Protein, minimum daily requirement should account for 32%.

` 32% = 56 g
= 56 g
` recommended amount of Carbohydrates eaten = 50 # 56g = 87.5 g
32
This is not a healthy option as it means the person consumes approximately 6 times the
recommended daily intake of carbohydrates.
2 24 3 % = 145 days
4
` 1% = 145 ' 24.6 days
= 5.894308943 days
` 200% = 5.894308943 # 200 days

= 1178.861789fdays
. 1179 days

Page 39 questions
More applications of percentage calculations
3 a Tree height after 1 year = 1.2025 # 14 m

= 16.835 m
b Tree height after 2 years = 1.2025 # 16.835 m

= 20.2440875 m
` 20.2440875 - 16.835 = 3.4090875 m

. 3.41 m (to 2 d.p.)
c Percentage growth after 2 years = ^3.41 ' 14h # 100%

= 24.357 142 86
= 24.4% (to 1 d.p.)
d Total growth 3 years from now = 1.2025 # 20.2440875 m

= 24.34351522 m
1 25 m so no, the tree will not be cut down in 3 years time.
e The tree height is increasing each year, so 20.25% of the height is also increasing, so after four
years it is more than a 100% increase, even though 4 # 20.25% only = 81%.
4 Intially 50 m
After first burst of hot air, height above ground = 1.31 # 50 = 65.5 m
After a further 20 minutes, height above ground = 65.5m - 17m = 48.5 m
After second burst of hot air, height above ground = 1.2883o # 48.5 = 62.48416667fm
` Overall change in height = 62.48416667 - 50 = 12.48 m (to 2 d.p.)
` Overall percentage change = ^12.48 ' 50h # 100% = 25% (nearest whole percentage)

Notes Percentage Calculations

Notes Percentage Calculations

Percentage Calculations
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Percentage Calculations

Fractions and percentages

1 a 3 = 3 % b 41 = 41 % c 110 = 110 % d 200 = 200 %

125 5 180 9 350 7

24 ' 3 48 ' 2 175 ' 5

Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 1

Fractions and percentages

350 225 140

= 350 % = 225 % = 140 %

2 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

Fractions and percentages

Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 3

Decimals and percentages

1 a 15% = 0.15 b 20% = 0.20 c 4% = 0.04 d 9% = 0.09

e 125% = 1 . 2 5 f 250% = 2.50 g 110% = 1.10 h 305% = 3.05

2 a 0.03 = 3 % b 0.16 = 16 % c 1.12 = 112 % d 2.45 = 245 %

e 0.125 = 12.5 % f 0.253 = 25.3 % g 0.018 = 1.8 % h 0.2225 = 22.25 %

3 a 0.015 = 1.5 % b 0.185 = 18.5 % c 0.012 = 1.2 % d 0.458 = 45.8 %

94 469 129 629

4 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

Decimals and percentages

5 a Simplified fraction = 1 b Mixed number form = 5 1 %

c Improper fraction form = 19 % d Improper fraction form = 17 %

Simplified fraction = 19 Simplified fraction = 17

e Mixed number form = 112 1 % f Mixed number form = 237 1 %

g Mixed number form = 17 1 % h Decimal form = 7.1875%

i Mixed number form = 2 3 % j Decimal form = 100.625%

Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 5

Repeating decimals and percentages

3 a 23 1 % = 23.3o % = 0.23o b 14 4 % = 14.4o % = 0.14o

c 51 % = 5.1o % = 0.051o d 92 % = 9.6o % = 0.096o

6 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

Repeating decimals and percentages

Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 7

Recurring decimals and percentages

c 5 = 0.83o d 2 = 0.13o e 5 = 0.27o

= 83.3 % = 13.3 % = 27.8 %

Percentage to 1 d.p. Percentage to 1 d.p. Percentage to 1 d.p.

= 40.9 % = 58.3 % = 39.4 %

= 109.1 % = 113.3 % = 133.3 %

8 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

1 a 10% b 25% c 55%

2 a 0.4 b 0.8 c 0.75

d 0.65 e 0.32 f 0.07

g 0.6o h 0.8o i 0.14o

4 a 65.5% b 0.5% c 12.75%

d 30.15% e 73.12% f 90.99%

Percentage Calculations Solutions I 10 9

c 65% of 60 = 65 # 100 # 60 d 22.5% of 280 = 22.5 ' 100 # 280

= 0.65 # 60 = 0.225 # 280

2 a 20 # 65 = 0.2 # 65 b 60 # 35 = 0.6 # 35 c 22 # 25 = 0.22 # 25

d 15 e 67.5 # 48 = 0.675 # 48 f 34.5 # 14

g 125 # 12 = 1.25 # 12 h 220 # 40 = 2.20 # 40

i 150 # 15 = 1.5 # 315 j 175 # 79 = 1.75 # 79

10 I 10 Percentage Calculations Solutions

4 a 50% b 20% c 25%

d 75% e 30% f 65%

5 a 0.75 b 0.25 c 0.3o d 0.583o

3 a 0.015 = 1.5 % b 0.185 = 18.5 % c 0.012 = 1.2 % d 0.458 = 45.8 %

3 a 23 1 % = 23.3o % = 0.23o b 14 4 % = 14.4o % = 0.14o

c 51 % = 5.1o % = 0.051o d 92 % = 9.6o % = 0.096o

c 5 = 0.83o d 2 = 0.13o e 5 = 0.27o

c 65% of 60 = 65 # 100 # 60 d 22.5% of 280 = 22.5 ' 100 # 280

10% of 25 = 0.1 # 25 40% of 65 = 0.4 # 65