CHAPTER 03 MATRICES (ANSWERS)

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS MAX. MARKS : 40

CLASS : XII DURATION : 1½ hrs
General Instructions:
(i). All questions are compulsory.
(ii). This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five Sections A, B, C, D and E.
(iii). Section A comprises of 10 MCQs of 1 mark each. Section B comprises of 4 questions of 2 marks
each. Section C comprises of 3 questions of 3 marks each. Section D comprises of 1 question of 5
marks each and Section E comprises of 2 Case Study Based Questions of 4 marks each.
(iv). There is no overall choice.
(v). Use of Calculators is not permitted

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 10 carry 1 mark each.
1. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then (I + A)2 – 3A is
(a) I (b) 2A (c) 3I (d) A
Ans: (a), as (I + A)2 – 3A = I2 + IA + AI + A2 – 3A = I + A + A + A – 3A = I

2. The diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are

(a) all zeroes (b) are all equal to some scalar k(≠ 0)
(c) can be any number (d) none of these
Ans: (a), as in skew symmetric matrix, aij = –aji
⇒ aii = – aii ⇒ 2aii = 0
⇒ aii = 0, i.e. diagonal elements are zeroes.

5 x
3. If A =   and A = A′ then
 y 0
(a) x = 0, y = 5 (b) x = y (c) x + y = 5 (d) x – y = 5
Ans: (b) x= y
 5 x  5 y 
A = A′ ⇒   x y
 y 0  x 0 

1 3   y 0  5 6 
4. If 2     , then write the value of x and y.
0 x   1 2  1 8 
(a) x = 3, y = 3 (b) x = 3, y = 2 (c) x = 2, y = 2 (d) x = 2, y = 3
Ans: (a) x = 3, y = 3

5. A is a skew-symmetric matrix and a matrix B such that B’AB is defined, then B’AB is a:
(a) symmetric matrix (b) skew-symmetric matrix
(c) Diagonal matrix (d) upper triangular symmetric

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 Ans: (b) skew-symmetric matrix
A is a skew-symmetric matrix
⇒ A’ = -A
Consider (B’AB)’ = (AB)'(B’)’ = B’A'(B’)’
= B’A’B = B'(-A)B = -B’AB
As (B’AB) = -B’AB
Hence, B’AB is a skew-symmetric matrix.

1 2   3 1   7 11
6. If    2 5   k 23 , then write the value of k.
 3 4    
(a) 17 (b) -17 (c) 13 (d) -13
Ans:

2  1 10

7. If x    y      , find the value of x.
3 1 5
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans: (c) 3
 2  1 10   2 x  y  10
x  y        
 3 1  5  3x  y   5 
By definition of equality of matrix as the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements
are equal. Comparing the corresponding elements, we get
2x − y = 10 …(i)
and 3x + y = 5 …(ii)
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 5x = 15  x = 3

 0 2b 2 
8. The matrix A =  3 1 3  is a symmetric matrix. Then the value of a and b respectively are:
3a 3 1
2 3 1 1 3 1
(a) , (b) , (c) -2, 2 (d) ,
3 2 2 2 2 2
2 3
Ans: (a) ,
3 2

For Q9 and Q10, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R). Choose
the correct answer out of the following choices.

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 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1 4  4 3 6
9. Assertion (A): Let A =  2 5  and B =  7 8 9  , then the product of the matrices A and B is
 
 4 7   5 1 2 
not defined.
Reason (R): The number of rows in B is not equal to number of columns in A.
Ans: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

 0 1 2 
10. Assertion (A): The matrix A =  1 0 3 is a skew symmetric matrix.
 2 3 0 
Reason (R): For the given matrix A we have A' = A.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.

SECTION – B
Questions 11 to 14 carry 2 marks each.

 a  b 2a  c   1 5 
11. Find the value of a, b, c and d from the equation:   
 2a  b 3c  d   0 13
 a  b 2a  c   1 5 
Ans: Given that   
 2a  b 3c  d   0 13
By definition of equality of matrix as the given matrices are equal, their corresponding elements
are equal. Comparing the corresponding elements, we get
a−b=−1 …(i)
2a − b = 0 …(ii)
2a + c = 5 …(iii)
and 3c + d = 13 …(iv)
Subtracting Eq.(i) from Eq.(ii), we get a = 1
Putting a = 1 in Eq. (i) and Eq. (iii), we get
1 − b = − 1 and 2 + c = 5
 b = 2 and c = 3
Substituting c = 3 in Eq. (iv), we obtain
3 × 3 + d = 13  d = 13 − 9 = 4
Hence, a = 1,b = 2, c = 3 and d = 4.
 5 2 3 6 
12. Find X and Y, if X + Y =   and X – Y =  .
0 9  0 1
5 2   3 6 
Ans: ( X  Y )  ( X  Y )    
0 9   0 1
8 8 1 8 8
 2X    X 
0 8 2 0 8
 4 4
X  
0 4
5 2 3 6 
Now, ( X  Y )  ( X  Y )    
 0 9   0 1

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 2 4  1  2 4 
 2Y    X  
0 10  2  0 10 
1 2 
Y  
0 5 

 x  y  z  9 
13. Find the values of x, y and z, if  x  z    5 
 y  z   7 
Ans: x + y + z = 9 ………….. (1)
x + z = 5, ………….. (2)
y + z = 7, ………….. (3)
Subtracting (3) from (1) we get x = 2
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get y = 4
From equation (2), we get z = 3

14. Find the values of x and y from the following equation:

x 5   3 4   7 6 
2   
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
x 5   3 4   7 6 
Ans: 2    
 7 y  3 1 2  15 14 
2 x 10  3 4  7 6 
   
14 2 y  6  1 2  15 14 
2 x  3 6  7 6
 
 15 2 y  4 15 14 
or 2x + 3 = 7 and 2y – 4 = 14
or 2x = 7 – 3 and 2y = 18
4 18
or x = and y =
2 2
i.e. x = 2 and y = 9.

SECTION – C
Questions 15 to 17 carry 3 marks each.

1 0 2
15. If A   0 2 1  , prove that A3 – 6A2 + 7A + 2I = 0
 2 0 3 
 1 0 2   1 0 2  5 0 8 
Ans: A  A. A   0 2 1   0 2 1    2 4 5 
2

 2 0 3   2 0 3  8 0 13
 5 0 8  1 0 2  21 0 34 
A  A . A   2 4 5   0 2 1   12 8 23
3 2

8 0 13  2 0 3 34 0 55

 21 0 34 5 0 8  1 0 2  1 0 0 
 A  6 A  7 A  2 I  12 8 23  6  2 4 5   7  0 2 1   2 0 1 0 
3 2      
34 0 55 8 0 13  2 0 3  0 0 1 

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  21 0 34 30 0 48  7 0 14   2 0 0 
 12 8 23  12 24 30    0 14 7   0 2 0 
34 0 55  48 0 78 14 0 21 0 0 2
 21  30  7  2 0  0  0  0 34  48  14  0   0 0 0 
  12  12  0  0 8  24  14  2 23  30  7  0   0 0 0   O

34  48  14  0 0  0  0  0 55  78  21  2  0 0 0 

 
 0  tan
16. If A   2  and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show that

 tan  0 
 2 
 cos   sin  
I + A = (I – A)  
 sin  cos  
0  x  
Ans: Let A    where x  tan
x 0  2
 
1  tan 2 2 2 tan
2  1  x 2  2x
Now, cos   2
and cos  
 1 x  1  x2
1  tan 2 1  tan 2
2 2
 cos   sin  
RHS  ( I  A)  
 sin  cos  
1  x2 2x 

 1 0   0  x   1  x 2 
1  x2 
     
 0 1   x 0    2 x 1  x2 
1  x 2 1  x 2 
1  x 2 2x   1  x2  2x2 2 x  x (1  x 2 ) 

 1 x  1  x 2  
1  x2   1  x2 1  x2

    
x 1  2 x 1  x 2    x (1  x 2 )  2 x 2x2 1  x2 
1  x 2 1  x 2   1  x2 1  x2 
 1  x2 2 x  x  x 3    x  x3    x(1  x 2 ) 
   1   1 
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2   1  x2   1 x
    
  x  x3  2 x 1  x2   x3  x   x( x 2  1)  x 1
 1  x 2   1  x 2 1   1  x 2 1 
1  x2
1 0   0  x   1 x 
LHS       RHS
0 1   x 0    x 1 

 2 2 4 
17. Express the matrix B   1 3 4  as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.
 1 2 3
 2 2 4  2 1 1
Ans: B   1 3 4   B '   2
 3 2 
 1 2 3  4 4 3

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  2 3 3 
 4 3 3  2 2
1 1 
Let P  ( B  B ')   3 6 2    3 3 1 
2 2  2 
 3 2 6   3
1 3 
 2 
 2 3 3 
 2 2
Now P '   3 3 1 P
 2 
 3 1 3 
 2 
1
Thus P  ( B  B ') is a symmetric matrix.
2
 0 1 5 
 0 1 5  2 2
1 1  
Also, let Q  ( B  B ')   1 0 6   1 0 3 
2 2  2 
 5 6 0   5
3 0 
 2 
 0 1 5 
 2 2
Now Q '   1 0 3   Q
 2 
 5 3 0 
 2 
1
Thus Q  ( B  B ') is a skew symmetric matrix.
2
 2 3 3   0 1 5 
 2 2  2 2   2 2 4 
Now, P  Q   3 3 1   1 0 3    1 3 4   B
 2   2 
 3  1 2 3
 2 1 3   5 3 0  
  2 
Thus, B is represented as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix.

SECTION – D
Questions 18 carry 5 marks.

 1 1 0   2 2 4 
18. Given A = 2 3 4 and B =  4 2 4  , verify that BA = 6I, how can we use the result
 
   
 0 1 2   2 1 5 
to find the values of x, y, z from given equations x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 17
 1 1 0   2 2 4 
Ans: We have A =  2 3 4  and B =  4 2 4 
 
 0 1 2   2 1 5 
1 1 0   2 2 4   2  4  0 2  2  0 4  4  0 
Now, AB   2 3 4   4 2 4    4  12  8 4  6  4 8  12  20 
    
 0 1 2   2 1 5   0  4  4 0  2  2 0  4  10 
6 0 0 1 0 0
 0 6 0  6 0 1 0
   
 0 0 6   0 0 1 

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 1
 AB  61  A 1  B
6
 2 2 4 
1
 A  4 2 4 
1

6 
 2 1 5 
The given system of linear equations can be written in matrix form as AX = B, where
 1 1 0  x  3
A  2 3 4 , X  y , B  17 
   
     
 0 1 2   z   7 
 X  A 1 B
 2 2 4   3   2  3  2  17  4  7 
1 1
 X  4 2 4 17  X  4  3  2 17  4  7 
  
6   6 
 2 1 5   7   2  3  117  5  7 
x   2 
  y    1  x  2, y  1, z  4
   
 z   4 

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 19 to 20 carry 4 marks each.
19. To promote the usage of house toilets in villages, especially for women, are organisations tried to
generate awareness among the villagers through (i) house calls (ii) letters, and (iii)
announcements.

The cost for each mode per attempt is given below.

(i) ₹ 50 (ii) ₹ 20 (iii) ₹ 40
The number of attempts made in villages X, Y, and Z is given below:
(i ) (ii ) (iii )
X 400 300 100
Y 300 250 75
Z 500 400 150
Also, the chance of making toilets corresponding to one attempt of given modes is:
(i) 2% (ii) 4% (iii) 20%
Let A, B, and C be the cost incurred by organisation in three villages respectively.
Based on the above information answer the following questions:
(i) Form a required matrix on the basis of the given information. [1]
(ii) From a matrix, related to the number of toilets expected in villagers X, Y, and Z after the
promotion campaign. [1]
(iii) What is the total amount spent by the organisation in all three villages X, Y, and Z? [2]

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 OR
(iii) What is the total no.of toilets expected after the promotion campaign? [2]
Solution:
(i) Here, ₹A, ₹B, and ₹C are the cost incurred by the organisation for villages X, Y, and Z
respectively then, A and B will be given by the following matrix equation
 400 300 100   50   A 
 300 250 75   20   B 
    
 500 400 150   40 C 
X  400 300 100   2 /100 
(ii) Y 300 250 75   4 /100  is the required matrix.

Z 500 400 150   20 / 100 
 A   400 300 100  50   20000  6000  4000   30000 
(iii)  B    300 250 75   20   15000  5000  3000    23000
  
C   500 400 150   40   25000  8000  6000   39000 
Total money spended = 30000 + 23000 + 39000
= 92000
OR
(iii) By part (ii),the required matrix for the expected number of toilets is
X  400 300 100   2 /100  X  8  12  20  X  40 
Y  300 250 75   4 /100   Y  6  10  15   Y  31
Z  500 400 150   20 / 100  Z 10  16  30  Z  56 
∴ Total number of toilets expected in 3 villages
= 40 + 31 + 56 = 127

20. Two farmers Ankit and Girish cultivate only three varieties of pulses namely Urad, Masoor and
Mung. The sale (in Rs.) of these varieties of pulses by both the farmers in the month of
September and October are given by the following matrices A and B.

September sales (in Rs.)

 Urad Masoor Mung 
A =  10000 20000 30000  Ankit
 50000 30000 10000  Girish
 
October sales (in Rs.)
 Urad Masoor Mung 
 
B =  5000 10000 6000  Ankit
 20000 30000 10000  Girish
 
(i) Find the combined sales of Masoor in September and October, for farmer Girish. [1]
(ii) Find the combined sales of Urad in September and October, for farmer Ankit. [1]
(iii) Find a decrease in sales from September to October. [2]

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 OR
(iii) If both the farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, then compute the profit for each farmer
and for each variety sold in October. [2]
Ans:

OR

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