Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC 2022)

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7971-4

LQG Approach based Speed Control of

Induction Motor
2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC) | 978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICESC54411.2022.9885696

Sandeep Kumar Sunori Amit Mittal Vimal Singh Bisht Navneet Joshi
Department of ECE Department of EVS Department of ECE Department of Mathematics
Graphic Era Hill University Graphic Era Hill University Graphic Era Hill University Graphic Era Hill University
Bhimtal Campus Bhimtal Campus Bhimtal Campus Bhimtal Campus
Bhimtal, India Bhimtal, India Bhimtal, India Bhimtal, India
[email protected] [email protected] m [email protected] [email protected]

Prakash Garia Pradeep Juneja

School of Management Department of ECE
Graphic Era Hill University Graphic Era University
Bhimtal Campus Dehradun
Bhimtal, India India
[email protected] [email protected] m

Abstract- The advantage of one phase induction motor is that it is more

Induction motors are A. C. motors also termed as an economical and has very simple construction. The various
asynchronous motors converting electrical energy to applications of single phase induction motors are drilling
mechanical energy. These motors are presently in wide use
machines, pumps, vacuum cleaners, washing machines,
in plenty of domestic and industrial applications. The
speed control of these motors has always been an aspect of refrigerators, air conditioners etc.
great importance. In this paper, the transfer function
model pertaining to a single phase induction motor is A split phase induction motor has an extra winding on the
identified using MATLAB. Then for its speed control, same core apart from the main winding as shown in
automatic control systems based on SIMC and LQG Fig.1[1,13,14,15].This extra winding is termed as the auxiliary
approaches are developed and analyzed using MATLAB. winding. The main winding is largely inductive, and the
auxiliary winding is largely resistive in nature. The auxiliary
Keywords- Induction motor; Speed control; PID; LQG; SIMC;
Transfer Function; Set-point response winding helps in building a starting torque by developing a
phase difference between flux generated by the main winging
I.INTRODUCTION and that generated by the rotor winding [1].

Induction motors are an integral part of many electric

machines. In case of single phase induction motors, it is
required to have some external circuit in to start the motor.
The stator of such motors has single phase winding, and the
rotor is squirrel cage type. In case of 3 phase induction
motors, the current in the 3 phase winding on stator develops a
rotating magnetic field. To counteract with this field, the rotor
starts to move in the direction of this rotating field. So, the
induction motors with 3 phases have self-starting torque.
Fig.1 Circuit diagram of a split phase induction motor

978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 1

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 18:22:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7971-4

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

C. Li et al. presented the remanufacturing, with high

efficiency, of induction motors having synchronous -
( ) ( )
reluctance rotors and permanent - magnet rotors [2]. D. Liang
and V. Zhou presented the recent trends of market pertaining
to the copper rotors for induction motors [3].

M. H. Arshad and M. Khalid presented the direct control of

torque pertaining to symmetric induction motor (4 switch fed,
2 phase) [4] .L. Qi et al. presented a study of speed control of
induction motors drive connected in parallel [5].

X. Ma et al. have done a research work on indirect rotor field

based control of induction motor [6]. S. A. Gaikwad and S. M.
Shinde presented a review based on induction motor (5 phase)
fed by the voltage source inverter (5 phase) [7]. G. R. Ingle
and S. V. Umredkar presented asymmetrical induction motor
(2 phase) with 2-leg VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) [8].

S. Akita et al. presented the characteristics and design analysis

pertaining to a line-start synchronous motor which starts like
an induction motor and moves like a synchronous motor. They
showed the basic characteristics by the use of finite element Fig 2. Step response of the identified model
method [11].

A. A. Tatevosyan et al. developed a PMSM design (linear),

and simulated its magnetic field for obtaining the starting
characteristics of PMSM [12]. P Karuppusamy presented the
designing of adaptive estimator pertaining to the nonlinear
control system [16]. Thomas Amanuel et al. carried out a
work on fault detection of 3-phase Phase induction motor
[17].

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The data collected from an induction motor unit has two

attributes viz. armature voltage and angular speed. With
armature voltage input, and angular speed output, the
identified transfer function model using MATLAB is
presented in equation (1). The step response shown in Fig. 2,
and the Bode and root locus diagrams shown in Fig. 3 are
revealing that this plant model is stable. The control system
scheme for this plant is depicted in Fig. 4. The research
methodology of the present work is summarized in Fig 5. Fig.3 Bode and root locus diagrams of the identified model

978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 2

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 18:22:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7971-4

Then as per SIMC( Skogestad Internel Model Control)

method for PI controller tuning [9],

(4)
( )

TI = min (d, 4( +c)) (5)

The SIMC controller developed in the MATLAB is given in

equation (6).

( )( )
( ) (6)

Fig.4 Schematic of control system for induction motor Now, the LQG based control system architecture is displayed
in Fig.6 [10]. As seen, the Kalman filter and Linear Quadratic
Regulator (LQR) are the two prime units of it. The Kalman
filter provides the optimal state vector estimation pertaining to
the state space model needed for a promising control signal
generation.

Fig 6. LQG control system

Using the MATLAB, the developed LQG controller is given

in equation (7).
Fig.5 Research Methodology

IV. CONTROLLER DESIGN

( )( )
( ) (7)
( )
Let us asume the plant given by equation (2), and equation (3)
represents the internal model of this plant.
V. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
( ) (2) The Simulink model developed to evaluate the outputs of
SIMC and LQG control systems is displayed in Fig.7. Fig. 8
( ) (3) depicts set-point response of SIMC and LQG controllers
showing a significant improvement with much decreased
settling time and peak overshoot by the LQG controller.

978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 3

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 18:22:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7971-4

Disturbance rejection is also remarkably improved by the

LQG controller as depicted in Fig.9. Fig.10 is comparing the
Bode diagrams of both controllers. The performance
comparison is summarized in Table I showing a remarkable
improvement in the values of settling time, disturbance
rejection time, and phase margin attained by the LQG
controller.

Fig.9 Disturbance response of SIMC and LQG control systems

Fig.7 SIMC and LQG control system Simulink model

Fig.10 Bode plot of SIMC and LQG control systems

Fig.8 Set-point response of SIMC and LQG control systems

978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 4

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 18:22:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.
 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22V66-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-7971-4

T ABLE I. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS [10]. Ragnar Eide, Per Magne Egelid, Alexander Stamso, Hamid Reza
Karimi, “LQG Control Design for Balancing an Inverted Pendulum
Mobile Robot,” Intelligent Control and Automation, 2011, pp. 160-166.
[11]. S. Akita, T. Higuchi, Y. Yokoi, T . Abe, T . Shirotani and S. Makino,
"Design analysis of a line-start permanent magnet linear synchronous
motor," 2017 11th International Symposium on Linear Drives for
Industry Applications (LDIA), 2017, pp. 1-4.
[12]. A. A. Tatevosyan, D. A. Polyakov and M. A. Kholmov, "Characteristics
Research of a Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Driving
Piston Compressor," 2021 3rd International Youth Conference on Radio
Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE), 2021, pp. 1-5.
[13].https://circuitglobe.com/split -phase-induction-motor.html
[14].https://www.myelectrical2015.com/2018/03/compare-split-phase-
VI. CONCLUSION induction-motor-capacitor-start-induction-run.html
[15].https://electricalvoice.com/split -phase-induction-motor-working-
In this paper an effort has been made to obtain the transfer applications/
function model of induction motor and develop control system [16].Karuppusamy, P. , “ Design of Adaptive Estimator for Nonlinear control
system in Noisy Domain,” Journal of Electronics and Informatics,
for its speed control. In MATLAB, a second order transfer Vol.3, No.3, 2021, pp.150-166.
function has been identified. This model is found to be stable. [17]. Amanuel, T ., Ghirmay, A., Ghebremeskel, H., Ghebrehiwet, R. &
Bahlibi, W., “Design of Vibration Frequency Method with Fine-T uned
Then using MATLAB, the control systems are developed Factor for Fault Detection of Three Phase Induction Motor, ” Journal of
based on SIMC and LQG approaches. It is observed that LQG Innovative Image Processing (JIIP), Vol. 3, No. 01, 2021, pp. 52-65.
controller shows much better control performance than SIMC
controller for this simulated plant model of induction motor.

REFERENCES

[1]. https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2020/05/single-phase-induction-
motor.htm
[2]. C. Li, D. Xu and G. Wang, "High efficiency remanufacturing of induction
motors with interior permanent -magnet rotors and synchronous-
reluctance rotors," 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference
and Expo, Asia-Pacific (IT EC Asia-Pacific), 2017, pp. 1-6.
[3]. D. Liang and V. Zhou, "Recent market and technical trends in Copper
Rotors for High-Efficiency Induction Motors," 2018 International Power
Electronics Conference (IPEC-Niigata 2018 -ECCE Asia), 2018, pp.
1943-1948.
[4]. M. H. Arshad and M. Khalid, "Advanced Direct Torque Control of Four
Switch Fed T wo-Phase Symmetric Induction Motor," 2018 IEEE 27th
International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), 2018, pp.
108-113.
[5]. L. Qi, C. Wang and X. You, "Study of Speed-Sensorless Weighted Vector
Control of Parallel Connected Induction Motors Drive," 2014
International Power Electronics and Application Conference and
Exposition, 2014, pp. 553-559.
[6]. X. Ma, J. Ren, Q. Ge and Y. Li, "Full speed range induction motor
indirect rotor field oriented control for high speed traction applications,"
2010 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,
2010, pp. 1407-1412.
[7]. S. A. Gaikwad and S. M. Shinde, "Review on Five-phase Induction Motor
fed by Five-phase Voltage Source Inverter with different Conduction
Mode," 2020 International Conference on Industry 4.0 T echnology
(I4T ech), 2020, pp. 199-202.
[8]. G. R. Ingle and S. V. Umredkar, "Asymmetrical T wo-Phase Induction
Motor Using T wo-Leg Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)," 2018 Second
International Conference on Computing Methodologies and
Communication (ICCMC), 2018, pp. 582-586.
[9]. C. Dalen and D. Di Ruscio, “Performance Optimal PI Controller T uning
Based on Integrating Plus T ime Delay Models”, Algorithms, 11(6), 86,
2018.

978-1-6654-7971-4/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 5

Authorized licensed use limited to: UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MINAS GERAIS. Downloaded on January 24,2024 at 18:22:23 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.