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Sensor Project Report

This document describes the design and development of a soil moisture sensor using an Arduino board and LCD display. The sensor measures the moisture content of soil using a resistive sensor and displays the value on the LCD screen. The sensor works by conducting current through the soil and measuring the resistance, with dry soil having high resistance and moist soil having low resistance. Experiments show the sensor provides accurate readings between 10-90% moisture when placed 2-4 inches deep in the soil.

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dark knight
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47 views

Sensor Project Report

This document describes the design and development of a soil moisture sensor using an Arduino board and LCD display. The sensor measures the moisture content of soil using a resistive sensor and displays the value on the LCD screen. The sensor works by conducting current through the soil and measuring the resistance, with dry soil having high resistance and moist soil having low resistance. Experiments show the sensor provides accurate readings between 10-90% moisture when placed 2-4 inches deep in the soil.

Uploaded by

dark knight
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Soil Moisture Sensor

MADE BY:
1.)Mohit Maurya (2021UEI2843)
2.)Ansh Tanwar (2021UEI2847)
3.)Paras Roy (2021UEI2854)
4.)Satwik Rao (2021UEI2859)
Acknowledgment

We would like to express our special thanks to our mentor


Mr. Neeraj Goel for his time and efforts he provided
throughout the duration of our project. Your useful advice
and suggestions were really helpful to us during the
project’s completion. In this aspect, we are eternally grateful
to you.
We would like to acknowledge that this project was
completed entirely by the group members and not by
someone else.

Signature : Name :
INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to design and develop a soil moisture sensor
using Arduino and display the moisture level on an LCD display. The sensor
will be able to measure the moisture content of the soil using a resistive
sensor and display the value on the LCD display in a readable format.

PRINCIPAL OF OPERATION

This sensor conducts current through the soil using two probes, then reads
the resistance to determine the moisture level. More water allows the soil to
conduct electricity more easily (with less resistance), whereas dry soil does
not (more resistance).

SENSOR
Soil Moisture Sensor Specifications

Operating Voltage 3.3V to 5V DC

Operating Current 15mA


Output voltage signal 0 ~ 4.2v
Output Value Dry soil 0 ~ 300
Humid soil 300 ~ 700
Water 700 ~ 950
PCB Size 3.2cm x 1.4cm

Moisture sensor module consists of four pins i.e. VCC, GND, DO, AO.
Digital out pin is connected to the output pin of LM393 comparator IC while
the analog pin is connected to Moisture sensor. The internal Circuit
diagram of the Moisture sensor module is given below.

Circuit Diagram
Soil Moisture Sensor Features

● Soil moisture sensor based on soil resistivity


measurement
● Output Digital – 0V to 5V, Adjustable trigger level
from preset
● Output Analog – 0V to 5V based on infrared radiation
from fire flame falling on the sensor
● LEDs indicating output and power
● LM393 based design
● Easy to use with Microcontrollers or even with normal
Digital/Analog IC

Applications of Soil Moisture Sensor

1. Moisture sensing
2. Liquid level detection
3. Botanical gardening
4. Flood detection
Experiments

● Calibration :
Testing the accuracy of the soil moisture sensor by taking
readings from the sensor when the soil is at different levels of
moisture content. These readings can then be compared to a
reference standard to check if the sensor is properly calibrated.

● Sensor Placement :
Testing the impact of sensor placement on readings by taking
multiple readings of soil moisture content at different depths
and positions. This experiment can help determine the optimal
depth and location of the sensor for accurate readings.

Results

● Calibration :
The sensor's calibration was precise over a moisture content
range of 10% to 90%, but erroneous at lower and higher levels.

● Sensor Placement :
The optimal placement for accurate soil moisture readings was
at 2-4 inches and in the center of the plant's root zone, allowing
the sensor to measure soil moisture content accurately.
Conclusion

We have concluded that the Arduino-based soil moisture sensor


project we worked on was a success. We are pleased with the
outcome of our united efforts to build and programme the project.

Through this effort, we have improved our understanding of how


soil moisture influences plant growth and created an effective way
to better manage watering methods. We were able to develop an
effective and economical solution by fusing our abilities and
knowledge.

We think that this project has the potential to be improved upon


and tailored for many uses, and we look forward to looking into
additional options.

Overall, we believe that this project has been an excellent learning


opportunity that has improved not only our technical capabilities but
also our ability to collaborate with others and communicate
effectively.
Advantages and Future Scope

● Soil moisture module is most sensitive to the ambient, generally used


to detect the moisture content of the soil.

● Since the potentiometer can be used to adjust the threshold voltage, we can
configure sensor for different species of plants.

● Small board analog outputs can be connected through the AD


converter, by which we can get more precise values ​of soil moisture.

● Small board digital output can directly drive the buzzer module(shown
below) or relay module , which can form a soil moisture alarm
equipment.
● By configuring the sensor with appropriate microcontroller circuit, we
can make an efficient plant watering system which waters the plant
accordingly when the sensor detects low moisture content in the soil.
References

● https://arduinopoint.com/soil-moisture-sensor-arduino-
project/
● https://youtu.be/pgGpuws7f9o
● https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/soil-moisture-measure
ment-using-arduino-and-soil-moisture-sensor/
● https://forum.arduino.cc/
● https://www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/d
igital-soil-moisture-tester
● https://www.circuits-diy.com/soil-moisture-sensing-circ
uit-lm3915/
● https://www.electroinvention.co.in/soil-moisture-level-
detector-using-lm3915-ic/
● https://www.electronicscomp.com/soil-moisture-senso
r-module-india/

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