Chapter – 3

Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

Exercise 3.1

Q. 1 Aftab tells his daughter, “Seven years ago, I was seven times as
old as you were then. Also, three years from now, I shall be three times
as old as you will be.” (Isn’t this interesting?) Represent this situation

O I S
algebraically and graphically.
I
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Given: Seven years ago, Aftab was seven times as old as his daughter
D

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and after 3 years Aftab will be 3 times as old as his daughter.
T O
D U AA

To Represent the situations algebraically and graphically we need to

find the linear equations for these situations. Let present age of Aftab
T
=x
A
ED PR

Let present age of his daughter = y

O C

Then, seven years ago the age of Aftab and his daughter must have been
seven less than their present ages, Age of Aftab seven years ago = x –
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7
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Age of Daughter seven years ago = y – 7

According to the question,
Seven years ago, Aftab was seven times as old as his daughter, So
x - 7 = 7(y - 7)
⇒ x - 7 = 7y - 49
⇒ x = 7y - 42
Now for finding different points of this equation, we can either take
different values of x and put them in the equation to obtain values of y
or vice versa
Putting y = 5, 6 and 7 in equation (¡),
we get,
For y = 5,
x = 7 × 5 – 42
= 35 – 42 = -7 For x =6,
x = 7 × 6 – 42
= 42 – 42 = 0 For y = 7,
x = 7 × 7 – 42

O I S
= 49 – 42 = 7 I
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x -7 0 7
D

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y T O 5 6 7
D U AA

Thus we got 3 points to plot on graph for this equation.

T
Three years from now,
A
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Age of Aftab = x+3

O C

Age of Daughter = y+3

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According to the question,

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⇒ x + 3 = 3(y + 3) ⇒ x + 3 = 3y + 9 ⇒ x = 3y + 6
Now for finding different points of this equation, we can either take
different values of x and put them in equation to obtain values of y or
vice versa
Putting x = 0, 3 and 6
x 0 3 6
y -2 -1 0

Thus we got 3 points to plot on graph for this equation.

Algebraic representation
x - 7y = -42 (i)
x - 3y = 6 (ii)
Graphical representation:

O I S I
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D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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Q. 2 The coach of a cricket team buys 3 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3900.
Later, she buys another bat and 3 more balls of the same kind for Rs
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1300. Represent this situation algebraically and geometrically.

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Answer:
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We need to form linear equations for the situations.

Let cost of one bat = Rs. x
Let cost of one ball = Rs. y
In first case, three bats and 6 balls cost him 3900 rupees. Therefore our
equation becomes
⇒ 3x + 6y = 3900 ........ (i)
Dividing equation by 3 both side
⇒ x + 2y = 1300
⇒ x = 1300 - 2y
For plotting the equation of graph, take different values of y and obtain
the value of x from equation or you can do vice versa. At y = 0⇒ x =
1300 - 2(0) ⇒ x = 1300Now finding the value at x = 0 ⇒ 0 = 1300 -
2y⇒ 2y = 1300 ⇒ y = 650

X 0 1300
Y 650 0

From above points, we make the graph as follows [Graphic

representation]

O I S I
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D

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T O
D U AA
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A
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O C
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In second case he buys one bat and 3 balls for 1300, therefore,

⇒ x + 3y = 1300 ...... (ii) [Algebraic representation]

⇒ x = 1300 - 3y
At y = 400
⇒ x = 1300 - 3(400) ⇒ x = 100At y = 300 ⇒ x = 1300 - 3(300) ⇒ x =
400

x 100 400
y 400 300
From above points, we make the graph as follows, [Graphical
representation]

O I S I
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D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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O C
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Q. 3 The cost of 2 kg of apples and 1kg of grapes on a day was found

to be Rs 160. After a month, the cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of
grapes is Rs 300. Represent the situation algebraically and
geometrically.
Answer: Let the cost of each kg of apples = Rs. X
Let the cost of each kg of grapes = Rs. Y
According to the question,
Cost of 2 kg of Apples = 2 x
Cost of 1 kg of grapes = y
2x + y = 160 ….. (i)
2x = 160 – y
16−𝑦
𝑥=
2

Putting y = 20, 40 and 60 we get,

x = (160 - 20)/2 = 70
x = (160 - 40))/2 = 60
x = (160 - 60)/2 = 50

X O I S
50 60
I 70

CO N
Y 60 40 20
D

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T O
D U AA

Algebraic Representation: 2 x + y = 160

T
Graphical Representation:
A
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O C
©

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 O I S I
CO N
D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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Now taking another case

O C

Cost of 4 kg of apples and 2 kg of grapes is

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Rs.300……………………………(Given)
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So, 4x + 2y = 300 …… (ii)

Dividing the equation by 2, we get,
2x + y = 150
y = 150 – 2x
Putting x = 70, 75 and 80 we get,
y = 150 – 2×70 = 10

y = 150 – 2(75) = 0
y = 150 – 2(80) = 150 – 160 = -10
X 70 75 80
Y 10 0 -10

Algebraic representation:
4 x + 2 y = 300
Graphical representation:

O I S I
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D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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O C
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Exercise 3.2
Q. 1 Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and
find their solutions graphically.
(i) 10 students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number
of girls is 4 more than the number of boys, find the number of boys and
girls who took part in the quiz.
(ii) 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50, whereas 7 pencils and 5
pens together cost Rs 46. Find the cost of one pencil and that of one
pen.
Answer:
For representing the situation graphically and algebraically, we need to
form linear equations
(i) Let number of girls = x

Let number of boys = y

O I S
According to the question, Total no of students is equal to 10,
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x + y = 10
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⇒
T O
x = 10 - y ................................eq(i)
D U AA

Now we will find different points to plot the equation. We can take any
T
value of y and put in eq (i) to obtain the value of x at that point
A
ED PR

Putting y = 4, 5 and 6. we get,

O C

at x = 4
X = 10 – 4 = 6
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at x = 5
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X = 10 – 5 = 5
at x = 6
X = 10 – 6 = 4

x 4 5 6
y 6 5 4

Number of girls is 4 more than number of boys …………Given

So,
x=y+4
⇒y=x-4 ................................ (ii)
Now for plotting the points on graph, take any values of x and put them
in eq (ii) to obtain values of y
Putting x = 3,5 and 7 we get
at x = 3y = 3 - 4 = -1at x = 4y = 5 - 4 = 1at x = 7y = 7 - 4 = 3

x 3 5 7
Y -1 1 3
O I S
Graphical representation:
I
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Plotting the points obtain on graph we get,
D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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O C
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As, both lines intersect each other at (7, 3)

Solution of this pair of equation is (7, 3)i.e. No of girls, x = 7No of
boys, y = 3
(ii) Let cost of one pencil = Rs. X
Let cost of one pen = Rs. Y
According to the question, 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs 50
5x + 7y = 50
⇒5x = 50 - 7y
7
⇒ 𝑥 = 10 − 𝑦
5

Putting value of y = 0, 5, 10 we get,

x = 10 – 0 = 10
50−35 15
𝑥= = =3
5 5
50−70 −20
𝑥= = = −4
O I S
5
I 5

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D

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x
T O
10 3 -4
D U AA

Y 0 5 10
Now,
T
7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46
A
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7x + 5y = 46
O C

⇒ 5y = 46 – 7x
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46−7𝑥
𝑦=
5
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Putting x = -2, 3, 8 we get

46−(7×−2) 46+14 60
𝑦= = = = 12
5 5 5
46−7×3 46−21 25
𝑦= = = =5
5 5 5
46−7×8 46−56 −10
𝑦= = = = −2
5 5 5

x -2 3 8
y 12 5 -2
Graphical Representation:
Plotting the points obtain on graph we get,

O I S I
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D

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T O
As, both lines intersect each other at (3, 5)
D U AA

Solution of this pair of equation is (3, 5) i.e. cost of pencil, x = 3cost of

T
pen, y = 5.
𝑎 1 𝑏1 𝑐1
A
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Q. 2 On comparing the ratios , and find out whether the lines

𝑎 2 𝑏2 𝑐2
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representing the following pairs of linear equations intersect at a point,

are parallel or coincident:
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(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0
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7x + 6y – 9 =0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 = 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
Answer: (i) Comparing these equation with
𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
We get
𝑎1 = 5, 𝑏1 = −4, 𝑐1 = 8
𝑎2 = 7, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = −9
Hence,
𝑎1 5 𝑏1 4 𝑐1 8
= = , =− 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎2 7 𝑏2 6 𝑐2 −9
𝑎1 𝑏1
We find that ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Therefore, both lines intersect at one point.

O I S
Graph of the lines look like below
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D

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T O
D U AA
T
A
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O C
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ii) Comparing these equations with,

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
We get
= 𝑎1 = 9, 𝑏1 = 3, 𝑐1 = 12
= 𝑎2 = 18, 𝑏2 = 6, 𝑐2 = 24
Hence,
𝑎1 9 1 𝑏1 3 1 𝑐1 12 1
= = = , = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = =
𝑎2 18 2 𝑏2 6 2 𝑐2 24 2

We find that
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2
O I S𝑏2 I 𝑐2

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Therefore, both lines are coincident.
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T O
D U AA
T
A
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O C
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iii) Comparing these equations with,

𝑎1 𝑥 + 𝑏1 𝑦 + 𝑐1 = 0
𝑎2 𝑥 + 𝑏2 𝑦 + 𝑐2 = 0
We get
= 𝑎1 = 6, 𝑏1 = −3, 𝑐1 = 10
= 𝑎2 = 2, 𝑏2 = −1, 𝑐2 = 9
Hence,
𝑎1 6 𝑏1 3 𝑐1 10
= = = 3, =− = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 −1 𝑐2 9

We find that
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= = ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore, both lines are parallel

O I S I
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D

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T O
D U AA
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A
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O C

𝑎 1 𝑏1 𝑐1
Q. 3 On comparing the ratios , and find out whether the
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𝑎 2 𝑏2 𝑐2
following pair of linear equations are consistent, or inconsistent.
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(i) 3x + 2y = 5; 2x – 3y = 7
(ii) 2x – 3y = 8 ; 4x – 6y = 9
3 5
(iii) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7; 9𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 14
2 3
(iv) 5x – 3y = 11; -10x + 6y = -22
4
(v) 𝑥 + 2y = 8; 2x + 3y = 12
3

Answer:
We get
𝑎1 3
= =
𝑎2 2
 𝑏1 2
= =−
𝑏2 3
Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
Therefore, these linear equations will intersect at one point only and
have only one possible solution and pair of linear equations is
inconsistent.
(ii) We get,
𝑎1 2 1
= =
𝑎2 4 2
𝑏1 −3 1
=
O I S
𝑏2
= I −6
=
2

CO N
𝑐1 8
D
= =

PY
𝑐2
T O 9
D U AA

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
T
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
A
ED PR

Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and have no
possible solution.
O C

And pair of linear equations is inconsistent.

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3 5
(iii) 𝑥+ 𝑦=7
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2 3

9x – 10 y = 14
We get,
3
𝑎1 2 3 1
= = =
𝑎2 9 18 6
5
𝑏1 3 5 1
= = =−
𝑏2 −10 −30 6
𝑐1 7 1
= = =
𝑐2 14 2

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Therefore, these linear equations will intersect each other at one point
and have only one possible solution.
And, the pair of linear equations is consistent.
(iv) We get
𝑎1 5 1
= = =−
𝑎2 −10 2
𝑏1 3 1
= =− =−
𝑏2 6 2
𝑐1 11 1
=
O I S
𝑐2
=
I−22
=−
2

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D
Hence,

PY
𝑎1
T O 𝑏1 𝑐1
D U AA

= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
T
Therefore these pair of lines has the infinite number of solutions. and
pair of linear equations is inconsistent
A
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v) We get
O C

𝑎1 4 2
= = =
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𝑎2 6 3
𝑏1 2
= =
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𝑏2 3
𝑐1 8 2
= = =
𝑐2 12 3

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore these pair of lines have infinite number of solutions and pair
of linear equation is consistent.
Q. 4 Which of the following pairs of linear equations are
consistent/inconsistent? If consistent, obtain the solution graphically:
(i) x + y = 5; 2x + 2y = 10
(ii) x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 16
(iii) 2x +y – 6 = 0, 4x -2y-4 = 0
(iv) 2x – 2y – 2 =0, 4x -4y – 5 = 0
Answer:
(i) We get
𝑎1 1
= =
𝑎2 2
𝑏1
𝑏2 O I S
=
1
2
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D
𝑐1 5 1

PY
=T O =
𝑐2 10 2
D U AA

Hence,
T
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
A
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x+y=5
O C

x=5–y
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Putting y = 1, 2, 3 we get
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x=5–1=4
x=5–2=3
x=5–3=2
X 4 3 2
Y 1 2 3

And, 2x + 2y = 10
10−2𝑦
𝑋=
2

X 4 3 2
 Y 1 2 3

O I S I
CO N
D

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T O
D U AA

(ii) We get
T
𝑎1 1
= =
A
ED PR

𝑎2 3
𝑏1 −1 1
= =
O C

𝑏2 −3 3
𝑐1 8 1
©

= =
𝑐2 16 2
N

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and have no
possible solution,
Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
(iii) We get,
𝑎1 2 1
= = =
𝑎2 4 2
𝑏1 1
=
𝑏2 −2
𝑐1 −6 3
= =
𝑐2 −4 2

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

Therefore, these linear equations are intersecting each other at one

point and thus have only one possible solution.
Hence, pair of linear equations is consistent.
2𝑥 + 𝑦 − 6 = 0
= 𝑦 = 6 − 2𝑥
X O I S 0
I 1 2

CO N
D
Y 6 4 2

PY
T O
D U AA

And, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
T
4𝑥−4
=𝑦=
2
A
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X 1 2 3
O C

Y 0 2 4
Graphical representation
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(iii) We get,
 𝑎1 2 1
= = =
𝑎2 4 2
𝑏1 −2 1
= =
𝑏2 −4 2
𝑐1 2
= 𝑠
𝑐2 5

Hence,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore, these linear equations are parallel to each other and have no
possible solution,
O I S
Hence, the pair of linear equations is inconsistent.
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D
Q. 5 Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 m

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T O
more than its width, is 36 m. Find the dimensions of the garden.
D U AA

Answer: Let the length and breadth of garden be 'x' and 'y' respectively.
T
Given, Half the perimeter is 36 m We know perimeter of Rectangle =
A
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2(length + breadth) Half the perimeter = x + y ⇒ x + y = 36 ⇒ x = 36

- y [1] Also, Length is 4 m more than width ⇒ x = y + 4 [2] From
O C

[1] and [2], we have 36 - y = y + 4 ⇒ 2y = 32 ⇒ y = 16 Putting in [1],

we have ⇒ x = 36 - 16 = 20 Hence, Length and Breadth of garden are
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20 m and 16 m respectively.
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Q. 6 Given the linear equation 2x + 3y – 8= 0, write another linear

equation in two variables such that the geometrical representation of
the pair so formed is:
(i) Intersecting lines
(ii) Parallel lines
(iii) Coincident lines
Answer:
(i) Intersecting lines: For this condition,
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2

The second line such that it is intersecting the given line is

2x + 4y - 6 = 0
As
𝑎1 2
= =1
𝑎2 2
𝑏1 3 𝑎1 𝑏1
= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≠
𝑏2 4 𝑎2 𝑏2

(ii) Parallel lines:

O I S
For this condition
I
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𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
D
= ≠

PY
𝑎2 T O 𝑏2 𝑐2
D U AA

Hence, the second line can be 4x + 6y - 8 = 0

𝑎1 2 1
T
As = = ,
𝑎2 4 2
A
ED PR

𝑏1 3 1
= =
𝑏2 6 2
O C

𝑐1 −8
= =1
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𝑐2 −8
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
So, = ≠
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𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

(iii) Coincident lines: For coincident lines,

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Hence,
the second line can be 6x + 9y - 24 = 0
𝑎1 2 1
= =
𝑎2 6 3
𝑏1 3 1
= =
𝑏2 9 3
𝑐1 −8 1
= =
𝑐2 −24 3

So,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Q. 7 Draw the graphs of the equations x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x +2y – 12 =

0. Determine the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines and the x-axis, and shade the triangular region.
Equation: 1
x-y+1=0
x=y–1O I S I
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Let us find the coordinates satisfying the above equation,

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X
T O 0 1 2 -1
D U AA

Y 1 2 3 0
T

Equation 2:
A
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3x + 2y - 12 = 0
O C

12−2𝑦
𝑥=
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X 4 2 0
N

Y 0 3 6

By taking, coordinates we can plot the both equations in graph.

Hence, the graphic representation is as follows.
 ©
ED PR
D U AA
O C D
N A I
T
O I S
T O
CO N
PY
 Exercise 3.3

Q. 1 Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution

method.

(i) x + y = 14 (ii) s – t = 3
𝑠 𝑡
x –y = 4 + =6
3 2
(iii) 3x – y = 3 (iv) 0.2 x + 0.3 y = 1.3
9x – 3y = 9 0.4x + 0.5y = 2.3
3𝑥 5𝑦
(v)
O I S I√2𝑥 + √3𝑦 = 0 (vi)
2
𝑥
−
𝑦
2
= −2
13

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√3𝑥 − √8𝑦 = 0 + =
D

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3 2 6
Solution
T O
D U AA

i) x + y = 14...............(i)
T
x - y = 4....................(ii)
A
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O C

From equation (i)

take x on one side and when we take y to the other side its sign changes
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and we get,
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x = 14 - y ......... (iii)

Putting value of x in equation (ii) we get,

(14 - y) - y = 4

14 - 2y = 4

2y = 10

10
𝑦= =5
2
Putting value of y in equation (iii) we get,

x = 14 - 5 = 9

Hence, x = 9 and y = 5

ii) s - t = 3......................(i)

and,
𝑠 𝑡
+ =6 ….(ii)
3
O I S
2
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D

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From equation (i) we get,
T O
D U AA

taking t to the other side, the sign of t changes to positive

T
A
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s = t + 3...............(iii)
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Putting value of x from (iii) to (ii)

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𝑡+3 𝑡
⇒ + =6
3 2
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⇒ 2t + 6 + 3t = 36

⇒ 5t = 30
30
⇒t= =6
5
Putting value of t in equation (iii) , we get,

s=6+3=9

Hence, s = 9, t = 6

iii) 3x - y = 3 .................. (i)

9x - 3y = 9 ...................... (ii)

Comparing with general pair of equations i.e.

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, we have

a1 = 3, b1 = -1, c1 = -3

a2 = 9, b2 = -2 and c2 = -9
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
Here, = = =3
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

O I S
and In this case, the system of linear equation is consistent and has
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infinite solutions.

CO N
D

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iv) 0.2 x + 0.3 y = 1.3
T O ..................... (i)
D U AA

0.4 x + 0.5 y = 2.3 ........................ (ii)

T
From equation (i) we get,
A
ED PR

0.2 x = 1.3 – 0.3 y

O C

1.3−0.3𝑦
𝑥=
0.2
©

1.3 0.3
𝑥= − 𝑦
0.2 0.2
N

𝑥 = 6.5 − 1.5 𝑦

Putting value of x in equation (ii) we get,

(6.5 - 1.5 y) × 0.4 + 0.5 y = 2.3

6.5 x 0.4 - 1.5 y x 0.4 + 0.5 y = 2.3

2.6 - 0.6 y + 0.5 y = 2.3

- 0.1 y = -0.3
−0.3
y= =3
−0.1
Putting value of y in equation (iii) we get,

x = 6.5 - 1.5 × 3 = 6.5 - 4.5 = 2

Hence, x = 2 and y = 3

v) √2𝑥 + √3𝑦 = 0 …. (i)

√3𝑥 − √8𝑦 = 0 …(ii)
From equation (i), we get,

O I S
√2𝑥 = −√3𝑦
I
CO N
D
−√3𝑦

PY
𝑥= …. (iii)
√2
T O
D U AA

Putting value of x in equation (ii). we get,

T
A
ED PR

−√ 3
⇒ √3 ( ) − √8𝑦 = 0
O C

√2
3𝑦
⇒ − − 2√2𝑦 = 0 √8 = 2 √2
©

√2
−3
N

⇒ 𝑦( − 2 √2 ) = 0
√2

so, y = 0

Putting value of y in equation (iii) we get.

x=0

Hence, x = 0 and y = 0
 3𝑥 5𝑦
vi) − = −2 ................(i)
2 3
and
𝑥 𝑦 13
+ = ................ (ii)
3 2 6

From equation (i) we get,

By taking L.C.M and solving we get,

3×3𝑥−2×5𝑦
= −2
6

O I S
9 x - 10 y = -12
−12+10𝑦
I
CO N
𝑥=
D
9

PY
T O
Putting this value of x in equation (ii), we get,
D U AA

−12+10𝑦
9 𝑦 13
⇒ + =
T
3 2 6
−12+10𝑦 𝑦 13
A
ED PR

⇒ + =
27 2 6
O C

⇒ 47y = 117 + 24
©

⇒ 47y = 141
141
N

⇒y= =3
47

Putting value of y in (iii)

−12+10𝑦 −12+10×3 18
⇒x= = = =2
9 9 9

Hence, x = 2 and y = 3
Q. 2 Solve 2x + 3y = 11 and 2x - 4y = -24and hence find the value of
‘m’ for which y = mx + x.
Answer:
To Solve: 2x + 3y = 11 ......... (i)
 2x - 4y = - 24 .......... (ii)

Solving by substitution method,

From equation (i)

2x = 11 - 3y .......... (iii)
putting value of 2x from equation (iii) to equation (ii)

O I S
(11 - 3y) - 4y = - 24
I
CO N
⇒ 11 - 7y = - 24
D

PY
⇒ - 7y = -35
T O
D U AA

−35
𝑦=
−7
T
𝑦=5
A
ED PR

Putting value of y in equation (iii) we get,

O C

2x = 11 - 3 × 5 = 11 - 15 = - 4
©

4
x = − = −2
2
N

Now, putting values of x and y in equation

y = mx + 3
5 = -2 m + 3
= -2m = 2
2
𝑚 = − = −1
2

Value of m is -1
Q. 3 Form the pair of linear equations for the following problems and
find their solution by substitution method.
(i) The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three
times the other. Find them.
(ii) The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 18
degrees. Find them.
(iii) The coach of a cricket team buys 7 bats and 6 balls for Rs 3800.
Later, she buys 3bats and 5 balls for Rs 1750. Find the cost of each bat
and each ball.
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with
O I S
the charge for the distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge
I
CO N
paid is Rs 105 and for a journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155.
D

PY
What are the fixed charges and the charge per km? How much does a
T O
D U AA

person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?

9
(v) A fraction becomes if 2 is added to both the numerator and the
T
11
denominator. If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator
A
ED PR

5
it becomes . Find the fraction.
6
O C

(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his
©

son. Five years ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What
are their present ages?
N

Answer:
i) Let larger number = x
Let smaller number = y
According to the question,
= x – y = 26
= x = 26 + y …….. (i)
And,
= x = 3y …… (ii)
Comparing values of x from both equation, we get,
26 + y = 3y
-2y = -26
y = 13
So, x = 3y = 3 × 13 = 39
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 39.
ii) Let the first angle = x
Let second angle = y

O I S
According to the question,
I
CO N
= x + y = 180 (sum of supplementary angles is always 180)
D

PY
x = 180 – y ….(i)
T O
D U AA

And,
T
= x - y = 18 ……(ii) Given
A
ED PR

Putting value of x from equation (i) to (ii). we get,

O C

= 180 – y – y = 18
©

= -2y = 18 - 180 = -162

−162
=𝑦 = = 81
N

−2

so, x = 180 = y = 180 – 81 = 99

Hence the angles are 99 ᵒ and 81ᵒ
iii) Let cost of each bat = Rs. X
Let cost of each ball = Rs. Y
According to the question,
= 7x + 6 y = 3800 Given
= 6y = 3800 – 7x
 3800−7𝑥
=𝑦= … (i)
6

And
= 3x + 5 y = 1750 …. (ii) Given
Putting value of y from Equation (i) to equation (ii)
3800−7𝑥
= 3𝑥 + 5 × = 1750
6

= 18x + 1900 – 35x = 1750 × 6

= −17𝑥 = 10500 − 19000 = −8500
−8500
=𝑥= = 500
O I S
−17
I
CO N
Putting value of x in equation (i), we get
D

PY
3800−7×500 300
=𝑦=
T O = = 50
D U AA

6 6

Hence,
T
Cost of each bat = Rs.500 and Cost of each ball = Rs. 50
A
ED PR

iv) Let the fixed charge for taxi = Rs. X

O C

Let variable cost per km = Rs. y

©

We know that,
N

Total cost = Fixed charge + Variable Charge

According to the question,
= x + 10y = 105 given
= x = 105 – 10y …. (i)
And, For a journey of 15 km charge paid = Rs.155
so, x + 15y = 155 … (ii)
Putting value of x from equation (i) to equation (ii). we get,
= 105 – 10y + 15y = 155
= 5y = 155 – 105 = 50
 50
𝑦= = 10
5

Putting value of y in equation (i). we get,

= x = 105 – 10 × 10 = 105 – 100 = 5
So, People have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km
= x + 25y = 5 + 25 × 10 = Rs. 255
v) Let numerator = x
Let denominator = y
𝑥
Fraction will be =
𝑦
O I S
According to the question,
I
CO N
D

PY
9
Fraction become
T O , if 2 is added in both. Numerator and denominator
11
D U AA

𝑥 +2 9
= =
𝑦+2 11
T
= 11x +22 = 9y +18 (by cross multiplication)
A
ED PR

= 11x = 9y – 4
O C

9𝑦−4
=𝑥= ….(i)
11
©

5
And, if 3 is added to both numerator and denominator it become
N

6
𝑥 +3 5
= =
𝑦+3 6

= 6x + 18 = 5y + 15 …… (ii) By cross multiplication

Putting value of x from equation (i) to equation (ii)
9𝑦 −4
= 6× + 18 = 5𝑦 + 15
11

= 54𝑦 − 24 = 55𝑦 − 33
= −𝑦 = −9
=𝑦=9
Putting value of y in equation (i)
9𝑦−4 9×9−4 77
=𝑥= = = =7
11 11 11
7
Hence, the fraction is .
9

vi) Let present age of Jacob = X years

Let present age of his son = Y years
Five year hence,
Age of Jacob = X + 5
Age of son = Y + 5
O I S
And, age of Jacob is 3 times of his son Given
I
CO N
D

PY
= x + 5 = 3 (y +5)
T O
D U AA

= x + 5 = 3y + 15
= x = 3y + 10 …. (i)
T
A
ED PR

Five years ago,

Age of Jacob = X - 5
O C

Age of son = Y - 5
©

And, Jacob's age was 7 times of his son Given

N

= x – 5 = 7 (y- 5)
= x – 5 = 7y – 35
= x – 7y = - 30 …… (ii)
Putting value of X from equation (i) to equation (ii)
= 3y + 10 – 7y = - 30
= - 4y = -40
−40
=𝑦= = 10
−4
Putting value of Y in (i)
= x = 3 × 10 + 10 = 30 + 10 = 40
Hence, present age of Jacob = 40 years and his son’ s age = 10 years.

O I S I
CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA
T
A
ED PR
O C
©

N
 Exercise 3.4
Q. 1 Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination
method and the substitution method:
(i) x + y = 5 and 2x - 3y = 4
(ii) 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x - 2y = 2
(iii) 3x - 5y - 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
𝑥 2𝑦 𝑦
(iv) + = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 − =3
2 3 3

Answer:

O I S
i) By elimination method
I
CO N
x+y=5 . ............ (i)
D

PY
T O
2x - 3y = 4 ..........(ii)
D U AA

Multiplying equation (i) by 2 we get,

T
2x + 2y = 10 ..............(iii)
A
ED PR

Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii) we get,

O C

5y = 6
6
©

𝑦=
5
N

Putting value of y in equation (i). we get,

6 19
𝑥 = 5− =
5 5

By substitution method
x+y=5 ........... (i)
2x - 3y = 4 ............ (ii)
from equation (i)
x=5–y ............(iii)
Putting value of x from equation (iii) to equation (ii) we get,
2(5 - y) - 3y = 4
= 10 - 2y - 3y = 4
= -5y = -6
6
=y=
5

Putting value of y in equation (iii) we get,

6 19
𝑥 = 5− =
O I S 5 5

ii) By elimination method

I
CO N
D

PY
3x + 4y = 10
T O .............. (i)
D U AA

2x - 2y = 2 ................. (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2 we get,
T
A
ED PR

4x - 4y = 4 ............... (iii)
Adding equations (i) and (iii) we get,
O C

7x = 14
©

14
=𝑥= =2
N

Putting value of x in equation (i) we get,

3 (2) + 4y = 10
4y = 10 - 6 = 4
4
y= =1
4

By substitution method
3x + 4y = 10 .............. (i)
2x - 2y = 2 ................. (ii)
From equation (ii)
2x = 2 + 2y
Dividing both side by 2, we getx = 1 + y
putting value of x in equation (i) we get,
3(1 + y) + 4y = 10
3 + 3y + 4y = 107y = 7y = 1
and
x = 1 + y = 1 + 1 = 2(iii) By elimination method
3x - 5y = 4. ...............(i)

O I S
9x - 2y = 7..........(ii)
I
CO N
Multiplying equation (i) by 3 we get,
D

PY
T O
9x - 15y = 12.................(iii)
D U AA

Subtracting equation (ii) from (iii) we get,

T
- 13y = 5
A
ED PR

5
=y=−
13
O C

Putting value of y in equation (i) we get,

©

5
3𝑥 − 5 × ( − ) = 4
3
N

25
3x + =4
13

Taking LCM,
4 25 52−25 27
3𝑥 = − = =
1 13 13 13
27 9
or 𝑥 = =
13×3 13

By substitution method
3x - 5y = 4 .......... (i)
9x - 2y = 7 .......... (ii)
From equation (i)
4+5𝑦
𝑥 =
3

Putting value of x in equation (ii) we get,

4+5𝑦
= 9× − 2𝑦 = 7
3

= 12 + 15y – 2y = 7
= 13y = -5
5
y=−
13

O I S
Putting value of y in equation (i) we get
I
CO N
5
3𝑥 − 5 × − =4
D

PY
T O 13
25 27
D U AA

3𝑥 = 4 − =
13 13
27 9
T
=𝑥= =
39 13
A
ED PR

iv) By elimination method

O C

𝑥 2𝑦
= + = −1 . .... (i)
2 3
©

𝑦
= 𝑥− =3 ….. (ii)
3
N

Multiplying equation (i) by 2, we get,

4𝑦
𝑥+ = −2 …. (iii)
3

Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (iii) we get,

5𝑦
= = −5
3
15
=𝑦 =− = −3
3

Putting value of y in equation (ii) we get,

4×−3
𝑥 + = −2
3
=x-4=-2
=x=2
By substitution method
𝑥 2𝑦
= + = −1 . .... (i)
2 3
𝑦
=𝑥− =3 … (ii)
3

From equation (ii) we get,

𝑦
x=3+ (iii)
3

O I S
Putting value of x in equation (i) we get,
9+𝑦
I 2𝑦

CO N
= + = −1
D
6 3

PY
=
T O
9+𝑦+4𝑦
= −1
D U AA

= 5y = - 6 - 9 = - 15
T
15
=y=−
A
ED PR

5
O C

Putting this value in (iii), we get x = 3 - 1 = 2.

Q. 2 Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems, and
©

find their solutions(if they exist) by the elimination method :

N

(i) If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator, a

1
fraction reduces to 1. It becomes if we only add 1 to the denominator.
2
What is the fraction?
(ii) Five years ago, Nuri was thrice as old as Sonu. Ten years later, Nuri
will be twice a sold as Sonu. How old are Nuri and Sonu?
(iii) The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. Also, nine times
this number is twice the number obtained by reversing the order of the
digits. Find the number.
(iv) Meena went to a bank to withdraw Rs 2000. She asked the cashier
to give her Rs 50 and Rs 100 notes only. Meena got 25 notes in all.
Find how many notes of Rs 50 and Rs 100 she received.
(v) A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an
additional charge for each day thereafter. Saritha paid Rs 27 for a book
kept for seven days, while Susy paid Rs 21 for the book she kept for
five days. Find the fixed charge and the charge for each extra day.

Answer: i) Let the fraction is =

According condition (i)

𝑥 +1
= =1
O I S
𝑦−1
I
CO N
= 𝑥+1 = 𝑦−1
D

PY
= 𝑥 − 𝑦 = −2 …. (i)
T O
D U AA

According condition (ii)

T
𝑥 1
= =
𝑦+1 2
A
ED PR

= 2x = y + 1
O C

= 2x - y = 1 …. (ii)
©

Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii) we get,

N

x=3
Putting value of x in equation (i) we get,
3 - y = -2
= - y = - 5 and y = 5
3
Hence, the required fraction is .
5

ii) Let present age of Nuri = x

Let present age of Sonu = y
According to condition (i)
five years before Nuri's age is 3 times that of Sonu's age
(x- 5) = 3 (y - 5)
x – 3y = -10 …. (i)
According to condition (ii)
x + 10 = 2(y + 10)
= x – 2y = 10 … (ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii) we get,
y = 20

O I S
Putting value of y in equation (i) we get,
I
CO N
x - 60 = -10
D

PY
x = 50
T O
D U AA

Hence,
T
Present age of Nuri = 50 years
A
ED PR

Present age of Sonu = 20 years

O C

iii) Let the unit digit of number = x

©

Let tens digit = y

so number = 10y + x
N

Number formed after reversing the digits = 10x + y

According to the question,
x+y=9 ...................(i)
9(10y + x) = 2(10x + y)
= 90y + 9x = 20x + 2y
= 88y -11x = 0
= - x + 8y = 0..................(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii). we get,
9y = 9
9
=y= =1
9

Putting value of y in equation (i), we get,

x=8
Hence,
The required number is = 10y + x = 10×1+8 = 18
iv) Let the number of Rs, 50 notes = x
Let the number of Rs, 100 notes = y
O I S
According to the question,
I
CO N
D
x + y = 25 ..................... (i)

PY
T O
D U AA

50x + 100y = 2000 ............... (ii)

T
Multiplying equation (i) by 50 we get,
A
ED PR

50x + 50y = 1250 ................ (iii)

O C

Subtracting equation (iii) from equation (ii). we get,

©

50 y = 750
N

750
=y= = 15
50

Putting value of y in equation (i) we get,

x = 10
Hence,
Meena has 10 notes of Rs, 50 and 15 notes of Rs, 100.
v) Let the fixed charge for first three days = Rs. x
Let each day charge there after = Rs. y
According to the question,
x + 4y = 27 ................. (i)
x + 2y = 21 ............... (ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i) we get,
2y = 6
6
𝑦= =3
2

Putting value of y in equation (i). we get,

x + 12 = 27
= x = 27 - 12 = 15
O I S
Hence,
I
CO N
D
Fixed charge = Rs. 15

PY
T O
Charge per day = Rs. 3
D U AA
T
A
ED PR
O C
©

N
 Exercise 3.5
Q. 1 Which of the following pairs of linear equations has unique
solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions? In case there is a
unique solution, find it by using cross multiplication method.
(i) x – 3y – 3 = 0
3x – 9y – 2 = 0
(ii) 2x + y = 5
3x + 2y = 8
O I S
(iii) 3x – 5y = 20
I
CO N
D

PY
6x – 10y = 40
T O
D U AA

(iv) x – 3y – 7 = 0
3x – 3y – 15 = 0
T

For two linear equations: a1 x + b1 y = c1 and a2 x + b2 y = c2

A
ED PR

𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
O C

If , then the pair of linear equations have exactly one solution

𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
©

If = = , then the pair of linear equations has infinitely many

𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
N

solutions
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
If = ≠ , then the pair of linear equations has no solution
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

(i) Linear equations:

x – 3y – 3 = 0
3x – 9y – 2 = 0
𝑎1 1
= ,
𝑎2 3
𝑏1 −3 1
= =
𝑏2 −9 3
 𝑐1 −3 3
= =
𝑐2 −2 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore, the given sets of lines are parallel to each other.

Therefore, they will not intersect each other and thus, there will not
be any solution for these equations.
(ii) Linear Equations:
2x + y = 5
3x + 2y = 8

O I S
𝑎1
𝑎2
= ,
I 2
3

CO N
D

PY
𝑏1 1
T O = ,
𝑏2 2
D U AA

𝑐1 −5
=
𝑐2 −8
T
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠
A
ED PR

𝑎2 𝑏2
O C

Therefore, they will intersect each other at a unique point and thus,
there will be a unique solution for these equations.
©

By cross-multiplication method,
N

𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
𝑏1 𝑐 2 −𝑏2𝑐1 𝑐1𝑎 2 −𝑐 2𝑎 1 𝑎 1 𝑏2 −𝑎 2 𝑏1
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−8−(−10) −15+16 4−3
𝑥 𝑦
= =1
2 1
𝑥
=1
2
𝑦
=1
1

∴ x = 2, y = 1
(iii) Linear Equations:
3x – 5y = 20
6x – 10y = 40
𝑎1 3 1
= = ,
𝑎2 6 2
𝑏1 −5 1
= = ,
𝑏2 −10 2
𝑐1 −20 1
= =
𝑐2 −40 2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= = ,
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

Therefore, the given sets of lines will be overlapping each other i.e., the
O I S
lines will be coincident to each other and thus, there are infinite
I
CO N
solutions possible for these equations.
D

PY
T O
(iv) Linear Equations:
D U AA

x – 3y – 7 = 0
T
3x – 3y – 15 = 0
A
ED PR

𝑎1 1
= ,
𝑎2 3
O C

𝑏1 −3
= =1
©

𝑏2 −3
𝑐1 −7 7
= =
N

𝑐2 −15 15
𝑎1 𝑏1
≠ ,
𝑎2 𝑏2

Therefore, they will intersect each other at a unique point and thus,
there will be a unique solution for these equations.
By cross-multiplication,
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
45−(21) −21−(−15) −3−(−9)
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
24 −6 6
𝑥 1 𝑦 1
= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
24 6 −6 6
x = 4 and y = -1
∴ x = 4, y = -1
Q. 2 (A) For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear
equations have an infinite number of solutions?
2x + 3y = 7
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
Answer: (i) 2x + 3y - 7 =0
(a - b)x + (a + b)y - (3a + b - 2) = 0
we know, a pair of linear equations (say a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x +
O I S
b2y + c2 = 0) have infinite solution,
I
CO N
D
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1

PY
if T O = =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
D U AA

Therefore from the given equations,

T
𝑎1 2
=
𝑎2 𝑎−𝑏
A
ED PR

𝑏1 3
=
O C

𝑏2 𝑎+𝑏
𝑐1 −7 7
= =
©

𝑐2 −(3𝑎 +𝑏−2) (3𝑎 +𝑏−2)

For infinitely many solutions,

N

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
2 7
=
𝑎 −𝑏 3𝑎 +𝑏−2

6a + 2b – 4 = 7a – b
a – 9b = -4.............. (i)
2 3
=
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏

2a + 2b = 3a – 3b
a – 5b = 0 ...............(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain
4b = 4
b=1
Substituting this in equation (ii), we obtain
a-5×1=0
a=5

Hence, a = 5 and b = 1 are the values for which the given equations
give infinitely many solutions.
O I S I
CO N
D

PY
Q. 2 (B) For which value of k will the following pair of linear equations
T O
D U AA

have no solution?
3x + y = 1
T
(2k – 1)x + (k – 1)y = 2k + 1
A
ED PR

Answer: 3x + y - 1 = 0
O C

(2k - 1)x + (k - 1)y - 2k - 1 = 0

©

𝑎1 3
=
𝑎2 2𝑘−1
N

𝑏1 1
=
𝑏2 𝑘 −1
𝑐1 −1 1
= =
𝑐2 −2𝑘−1 2𝑘 +1

For no solution,
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1
= ≠
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

(This means that the coefficients of variables bear the same ratio, due
to which they will eliminate together leaving no value for a variable)
3 1 1
= ≠
2𝑘 −1 𝑘 −1 2𝑘 +1
 3 1
=
2𝑘 −1 𝑘−1

⇒ 3k - 3 = 2k – 1
⇒k=2
Therefore, for k = 2, the given equation has no solution.
Also, k - 1 ≠ 2k + 12k - k ≠ -1 - 1k ≠ -2Hence, for k = 2 and k ≠ -2 the
equation has no solution.

Q. 3 Solve the following pair of linear equations by the substitution and

cross-multiplication methods:
O I S
8x + 5y = 9
I
CO N
D

PY
3x + 2y = 4
T O
D U AA

Answer: 8x + 5y = 9 ........ (i)

T
3x + 2y = 4 ........ (ii)
A
ED PR

From equation (ii), we get

O C

4−2𝑦
𝑥= ........ (iii)
3
©

Substituting this value in equation (i), we obtain

4−2𝑦
8( ) + 5𝑦 = 9
N

32 - 16y + 15y = 27
-y = -5
y = 5............. (iv)
Substituting this value in equation (ii), we obtain
3x + 10 = 4
x = -2
Hence, x = -2, y =5
Again, by cross-multiplication method, we obtain
8 x + 5 y - 9 =0
3x+2y-4=0
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−20−(−18) −27−(−32) 16−15
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
−2 5 1
𝑥 𝑦
= 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =1
−2 5

x = -2 and y = 5

O I S
Q. 4 Form the pair of linear equations in the following problems and
I
find their solutions (if they exist) by any algebraic method:

CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA

(i) A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends
on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student
T
A takes food for 20 days she has to pay Rs 1000 as hostel charges
A
ED PR

whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs 1180 as hostel
charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.
O C

1
(ii) A fraction becomes when 1 is subtracted from the numerator and
©

3
1
it becomes when 8 is added to its denominator. Find the fraction.
4
N

(iii) Yash scored 40 marks in a test, getting 3 marks for each right
answer and losing 1 mark for each wrong answer. Had 4 marks been
awarded for each correct answer and 2 marks been deducted for each
incorrect answer, then Yash would have scored 50 marks. How many
questions were there in the test?
(iv) Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from
A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same
direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel towards
each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars?
(v) The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length
is reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase
the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the area increases by
67 square units. Find the dimensions of the rectangle.
Answer: (i) Let x be the fixed charge of the food and y be the charge
for food per day. According to the given information,
x + 20y = 1000 .......... (1)
x + 26y = 1180 ........... (2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we obtain

O I S
6y = 180 I
CO N
y = 30
D

PY
Substituting this value in equation (1), we obtain
T O
D U AA

X + 20 × 30 = 1000
T
x = 1000 - 600 = 400
A
ED PR

x = 400
O C

Hence, fixed charge = Rs 400 And charge per day = Rs 30

𝑥
©

(ii) Let the fraction be .

𝑦
N

According to the given information,

𝑥−1 1
= → 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 …. (i)
𝑦 3
𝑥 1
= → 4𝑥 − 𝑦 = 8 … (ii)
𝑦+8 4

Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we obtain

x=5 ............. (iii)
Putting this value in equation (i), we obtain
15 – y = 3
y = 12
 5
Hence, the fraction is .
12

(iii) Let the number of right answers and wrong answers be x and y
respectively.
According to the given information,
Case I
3x –y = 40......(i)
Case II
4x – 2y = 50

O I S
2x – y = 25 I ......... (ii)

CO N
Subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i),
D

PY
T O
we obtain x = 15 (iii)
D U AA

Substituting this in equation (ii), we obtain

T
30 – y = 25
A
ED PR

y=5
O C

Therefore,
©

number of right answers = 15

And number of wrong answers = 5
N

Total number of questions = 20

(iv) Let the speed of car from A be ‘a’ and of car from B be ‘b’
Speed = distance/time
Relative speed of cars when moving in same direction = a + b
Relative speed of cars when moving in opposite direction = a – b
Given, places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts
from A and another from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the
same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel
towards each other, they meet in 1 hour
⇒ a – b = 100/5 = 20 (1)
Also, a + b = 100/1 = 100 (2)
Adding (1) and (2)
a - b + a + b = 20 + 100
⇒ 2a = 120
⇒ a = 60 km/hr
Putting value of a in (1) we get,
Thus, b = 60 – 20 = 40 km/hr

O I S
Speed of two cars are 60 km/h and 40 km/h
I
CO N
(v) Let length and breadth of rectangle be x unit and y unit respectively.
D

PY
T O
Area = xy
D U AA

According to the question,

T
The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units, if its length is
A
ED PR

reduced by 5 units and breadth is increased by 3 units.

O C

(x - 5) (y + 3) = xy - 9
3x – 5y – 6 = 0 .......... (i)
©

and if we increase the length by 3 units and the breadth by 2 units, the
N

area increases by 67 square units

(x + 3) (y + 2) = xy + 67
2x + 3y – 61 = 0 ........ (ii)
By cross-multiplication method, we obtain
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
305−18 −12−(−183) 9−(−10)
𝑥 𝑦 1
= =
323 171 19

x = 17, y = 9
 Exercise 3.6
Q. 1 Solve the following pairs of equations by reducing them to a pair
of linear equations:
1 1 1 1 13
(i) + = 2, + =
2𝑥 3𝑦 3𝑥 2𝑦 6
2 3 4 9
(ii) + = 2, + = −9
√𝑥 √𝑦 √𝑥 √𝑦
4 3
(iii) + 3𝑦 = 14, − 4𝑦 = 23
𝑥 𝑥
5 1 6 3
(iv) + = 2, − =1
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑥 −1 𝑦−2

O I S
(v)
I 7𝑥−2𝑦
𝑥𝑦
8𝑥+7𝑦
= 5,
𝑥𝑦
= 15

CO N
(vi) 6𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑦 , 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑦
D

PY
T O 10 2 15 5
(vii) + = 4, − = −2
D U AA

𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 −𝑦 𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥 −𝑦
1 1 3
(viii) + =
3𝑥 +𝑦 3𝑥 −𝑦 4
T
1 1 −1
− =
2(3𝑥 −𝑦 )
A
ED PR

2(3𝑥+𝑦) 8
1 1
Answer: Let = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞, then the equations becomes.
O C

𝑥 𝑦
𝑝 𝑞
+ = 2 ⇒ 3𝑝 + 2𝑞 − 12 = 0 … (i)
©

2 3
𝑝 𝑞 13
N

+ = ⇒ 2𝑝 + 3𝑞 − 13 = 0 … (ii)
2 2 6

Using cross-multiplication method, we obtain,

𝑝 𝑞 1
= =
−26−(−36) −24−(−39) 9−4
𝑝 𝑞 1
= =
10 15 5
𝑝 1 𝑞 1
= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
10 5 15 5

p = 2 and q = 3
Note: These questions can also be solved by elimination method and
the substitution method.
In the elimination method, the coefficient of one variable in both
equations is made the same by multiplying the equation and the
variable is eliminated. In the substitution method, the value of one
variable is calculated in terms of another variable by equation one and
then that value is put into another equation.
1 1
= 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =3
𝑥 𝑦
1 1
𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 =
2 3

O I S
(ii) Putting
I 1
√𝑥
= 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑
1
√𝑦
= 𝑞 in the given equations, we obtain

CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA

2p +3q = 2........(i)
T
4p - 9q = -1 .......(ii)
A
ED PR

Multiplying equation (1) by 3,

we obtain 6p + 9q = 6....... (iii)
O C

Adding equation (ii) and (iii), we obtain

©

10p = 5
N

1
𝑝= … (iv)
2
1
2 × + 3𝑞 = 2
2

= 3q = 1
1
=𝑞=
3
1 1
𝑝= =
√𝑥 2

√𝑥 = 2 = 𝑥 = 4
 1 1
𝑝= =
√𝑦 3

√𝑦 = 3 = 𝑦 = 9
Hence, x = 4 and y = 9.
1
(iii) Putting = 𝑝 in given equations, we get
𝑥

= 4p + 3y = 14
= 4p + 3y - 14 = 0.....................(i)
And, 3p - 4y = 23

O I S
= 3p - 4y -23 = 0
I .......................(ii)

CO N
By cross- multiplication, we get,
D

PY
𝑝 𝑦 1
= = =
T O
D U AA

−69−56 −42−(−92) −16−9

𝑝 𝑦 1
= = = −
T
−125 50 25

Now,
A
ED PR

𝑝 1
= = − , so, p = 5
O C

−125 25
𝑦 1
©

= = − , So y = -2
50 25
N

1 1
(iv) Putting = p and = 1, we get
𝑥 −1 𝑦−1

= 5p + q = 2 ………….(i)
= 6p – 3q = 1 ………..(ii)
Now, multiplying equation (i) by 3 we get,
= 15p + 3q = 6 ………….(iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii)
21p = 7
 7 1
=p= =
21 3

Putting value of p in equation (iii) we get,

1
= 6× – 3q = 1
3

= -3q = -1
1
=q=
3

we know that,
1 1
p= =
𝑥 −1 3

O I S
=3=x–1
I
CO N
D
=x=4

PY
T O 1 1
D U AA

and, q = =
𝑦−2 3

=3=y–2
T
A
ED PR

=y=5
Hence x = 4, y = 5
O C
©

7 2
v). − = 5 ……..(i)
N

𝑦 𝑥
8𝑥+7𝑦
= =15
𝑥𝑦
8 7
= + =15 …(ii)
𝑦 𝑥
1 1
Putting = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞 in (i) and (ii) to get,
𝑥 𝑦

7q - 2p = 5 ................(iii)
8q + 7p = 15 .................(iv)
multiplying equation (iii) by 7 and equation (iv) by 2 . we get,
49q - 14p = 35.................(v)
16q + 14p = 30..................(vi)
After adding equations (v) and (vi) . we get,
65q = 65
=q=1
Putting value of q in equation (iv) , we get,
8 + 7p = 15
= 7p = 15 - 8 = 7
=p=1
Now,
O I S I
CO N
1 1
p= = =1
D

PY
𝑥T O 1
1 1
D U AA

q= = =1
𝑦 1
T
Hence , x = 1 and y = 1
A
ED PR

(vi) 6x + 3y = 6xy
O C

6𝑥 3𝑦 6𝑥𝑦 6 3
dividing equation by xy + = = + = 6 …….(i)
©

𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 𝑥

2x + 4y = 5xy
N

2𝑥 4𝑦 5𝑥𝑦 2 4
dividing equation by xy, + = = + = 5 …….(i)
𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑦 𝑥
1 1
Putting = p and = q, we get,
𝑥 𝑦

6q + 3p - 6 = 0
2q + 4p - 5 = 0
By cross multiplication method , we get,
𝑝 𝑞 1
= = =
−30−(−12) −24−(−15) 6−24
 𝑝 𝑞 1
= = =
−18 −9 −18

After comparing we get,

1
p = 1 and q =
2

Now ,
1 1 1
p = =1 and q = =
𝑥 𝑦 2

Hence, x = 1 and y = 2
1 1
(vii) Putting = p and = q, we get
𝑥 +𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

O I S
10p + 2q - 4 = 0....................(i)
I
CO N
D
15p - 5q +2 = 0 ..................,,(ii)

PY
T O
D U AA

By applying cross multiplication method , we get,

T
𝑝 𝑞 1
= = =
A
ED PR

4−20 −60−(−20) −50−30

𝑝 𝑞 1
O C

= = =
−16 −80 −80
©

After comparing we get,

1
N

p = and q =1
5

Now,
1 1
p= = So, x + y = 5 ……….(iii)
𝑥+𝑦 5
1
q= = 1 = So, x - y = 1 ……….(iv)
𝑥−𝑦

Adding equations (iii) and (iv) we get,

2x = 6
6
=x= =3
2
Putting value of equation (iii) we get,
y=2
Hence, x = 3 and y = 2

O I S I
CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA
T
A
ED PR
O C

1 1
©

(viii) Putting = p and = q we get,

3𝑥+𝑦 3𝑥 −𝑦
N

3
p + q = ………..(i)
4
𝑝 𝑞 1
- =-
2 2 8
1
p–q=- …..(ii)
4

Addomh (i) and (ii) we get,

3 1 2 1
2p = - = =
4 4 4 2
1
=p=
4
Putting value of p in (ii) we get,
1 1
= –q=-
4 4
1 1 1
=q= + =
4 4 2
1
Now, p = so, 3x + y = 4 ……..(iii)
3𝑥 +𝑦
1
q= = 3x - y = 2 ……..(iv)
3𝑥 −𝑦

Adding equations (iii) and (iv) we get,

O I S I
CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA

6x = 6
T
A
ED PR

=x=1
O C

Putting value of x in equation (iii) we get,

©

3(1) + y = 4
N

=y=1
Hence, x = 1 and y = 1
Q. 2 Formulate the following problems as a pair of equations, and
hence find their solutions:
(i) Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and upstream 4 km in 2
hours. Find her speed of rowing in still water and the speed of the
current.
(ii) 2 women and 5 men can together finish an embroidery work in 4
days, while 3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days. Find the time
taken by 1 woman alone to finish the work, and also that taken by 1
man alone.
(iii) Roohi travels 300 km to her home partly by train and partly by bus.

O I S
She takes 4 hours if she travels 60 km by train and remaining by bus.
I
If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she takes 10

CO N
D
minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and the bus separately.

PY
T O
D U AA

Answer: (i) Let the speed of Ritu in still water and the speed of stream
be x km/h and y km/h respectively.
T
While rowing upstream, Ritu's speed slows down and the speed will be
A
ED PR

her speed minus speed of stream and while rowing downstream her
speed will increase and will be equal to sum of her speed and speed of
O C

stream. Therefore,
©

The speed of Ritu while rowing

N

Upstream = (x - y) km/h
Downstream = (x + y) km/h
According to the question:
Ritu can row downstream 20 km in 2 hours, and
distance = speed × time
⇒ 2 (x+y) = 20
⇒ x+y = 10............(1)
also, Ritu can row upstream 4 km in 2 hours
⇒ 2 (x - y) = 4
⇒ x-y = 2 ............(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2),
we obtain
⇒ x + y + x - y = 10 + 2
⇒ 2 x = 12
⇒x=6
Putting this in equation (1),
6 + y = 10

O I S
we obtain y = 4
I
CO N
Hence, Ritu's speed in still water is 6 km/h and the speed of the current
D

PY
is 4 km/h.
T O
D U AA

(ii)Let the number of days taken by a woman and a man be x and y

respectively.
T
1
A
ED PR

Therefore, work done by a woman in 1 day =

𝑥
1
O C

and work done by a man in 1 day =

𝑦
©

According to the question,

N

2 women and 5 men take 4 days to complete the work

i.e. they take 4 days to complete one work
2 5
⇒ 4( + ) =1
𝑥 𝑦
2 5 1
⇒ + =
𝑥 𝑦 4

Also, 3 women and 6 men take 3 days to complete the work i.e. they
take 3 days to complete one work
3 6
⇒ 3( + ) =1
𝑥 𝑦
 3 6 1
⇒ + =
𝑥 𝑦 3
1 1
Putting = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞 in these equations,
𝑥 𝑦

We obtain
1
2𝑝 + 5𝑞 =
4

⇒ 8p + 20q = 1
And
1
3𝑝 = 6𝑞 =
3

O I S
⇒9p + 18q = 1
I
CO N
D
By cross multiplication, we obtain

PY
T O𝑝 𝑞 1
D U AA

= =
−20−(−18) −9−(−8) 144−180
T
𝑝 𝑞 1
= =
−2 −1 −36
A
ED PR

𝑝 −1 𝑞 1
= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
−2 36 −1 −36
O C

1 1
𝑝= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 =
©

18 36
1 1 1 1
𝑝= = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 = =
N

𝑥 18 𝑦 36

x = 18, y = 36

Hence, number of days taken by a woman, x = 18

Number of days taken by a man, y = 36
(iii) Let the speed of train and bus be u km/h and v km/h respectively.
According to the given information,
It takes her 4 hours if she travels 60 km by bus and rest ( i.e. 240 km)
by train
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
As 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑

We have
60 240
+ =4 … (1)
𝑢 𝑣

and also, If she travels 100 km by train and the remaining by bus, she
takes 10 minutes longer i.e. 4 hours and 10 minutes. Also, 1 hour = 60
minutes.
1 1
O I S
⇒ 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 =I 60
× 10 =
6
ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

CO N
1 25
D
And ⇒ 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 10 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠 = (4 + ) = hours

PY
T O 6 6
D U AA

We have
100 200 25
….. (2)
T
+ =
𝑢 𝑣 6
A
ED PR

1 1
Putting = 𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞 is these equations, we obtain
𝑢 𝑣
O C

60p+240q = 4 ......(3)
©

100p+200q =
N

600p+1200q = 25 ....(4)
Multiplying equation (3) by 10, we obtain
600p+2400q = 40 ....(5)
Subtracting equation (4) from (5), we obtain
1200q = 15
15 1
𝑞= = … (6)
1200 80

Substituting in equation (3), we obtain

60p+3 = 4
60p = 1
1
𝑝=
60
1 1 1 1
𝑝= = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 = =
𝑢 60 𝑣 80

u = 60km/h and v = 80km/h

Hence, speed of train = 60 km/h
Speed of bus = 80 km/h.

O I S I
CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA
T
A
ED PR
O C
©

N
 Exercise 3.7
Q. 1 The ages of two friends Ani and Biju differ by 3 years. Ani's father
Dharam is twice as old as Ani and Biju is twice as old as his sister
Cathy. The ages of Cathy and Dharam differs by 30 years. Find the ages
of Ani and Biju.
Answer: The difference between the ages of Biju and Ani is 3 years.
Either Biju is 3 years older than Ani or Ani is 3 years older than Biju.
However, it is obvious that in both cases, Ani's father's age will be 30
years more than that of Cathy's age.

O I S I
CO N
D
Let the age of Ani and Biju be x and y years respectively.

PY
T O
Therefore, age of Ani's father, Dharam = 2 × x = 2x years
D U AA

𝑦
And age of Biju's sister Cathy = years
T
2

By using the information given in the question,

A
ED PR

Case (I) When Ani is older than Biju by 3 years, x - y = 3 (i)

O C

4x - y = 60 (ii)
©

Subtracting (i) from (ii), we obtain 3x = 60 - 3 = 57

N

x = 57/3 = 19
Therefore, age of Ani = 19 years
And age of Biju = 19 - 3 = 16 years
Case (II) When Biju is older than Ani, y - x = 3 (i)
𝑦
2𝑥 − = 30
2

4x - y = 60 (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we obtain 3x = 63
x = 21
Therefore, age of Ani = 21 years
And age of Biju = 21 + 3 = 24 years
Q. 2 One says, "Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice
as rich as you". The other replies, "If you give me ten, I shall be six
times as rich as you". Tell me what is the amount of their (respective)
capital? [From the Bijaganita of Bhaskara II)
[Hint: x + 100 = 2 (y - 100), y + 10 = 6(x - 10)]
Answer: Let those friends were having Rs x and y with them. Using
the information given in the question,

O I S
we obtain I
CO N
From the first condition, x + 100 = 2(y - 100)
D

PY
x + 100 = 2y - 200
T O
D U AA

x - 2y = -300 (i)
T
And, From the second condition6(x - 10) = (y + 10)
A
ED PR

6x - 60 = y + 10
O C

6x - y = 70 (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we obtain
©

12x - 2y = 140 (iii)

N

Subtracting equation (i) from equation (iii),

we obtain
11x = 140 + 300
11x = 440
x = 40
Using this in equation (i), we obtain
40 - 2y = -300
40 + 300 = 2y
2y = 340
y = 170
Therefore, those friends had Rs 40 and Rs 170 with them respectively.
Q. 3 A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train
would have been 10 km/h faster, it would have taken 2 hours less than
the scheduled time. And if the train were slower by 10 km/h; it would
have taken 3 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the distance
covered by the train.
Answer: Let the speed of the train be x km/h and the time taken by
train to travel the given distance be t hours and the distance to travel
O I S
was d km.
I
CO N
D

PY
T O
We know that,
D U AA

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
T
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑑
A
ED PR

𝑥=
𝑡
O C

Or, d = xt (i)
©

If the train would have been 10 km/h faster, it would have taken 2 hours
N

less than the scheduled time

𝑑
⇒ (x + 10) =
𝑡−2

⇒ (x + 10)(t - 2) = d
⇒ xt + 10t - 2x - 20 = d
From (i), we have
⇒ d + 10t - 2x - 20 = d
⇒ - 2x + 10t = 20
⇒ x - 5t = -10 ⇒ x = 5t - 10 (ii)
Also,
if the train were slower by 10 km/h; it would have taken 3 hours more
𝑑
than the scheduled time⇒ (x - 10) =
𝑡−3

⇒ (x - 10)(t + 3) = d
⇒ xt - 10t + 3x - 30 = d
By using equation (i),
⇒ d - 10t + 3x - 30 = d⇒ 3x - 10t = 30 (iii)

O I S
Substituting the value of x from eq (ii) into eq (iii), we get
I
CO N
⇒ 3(5t - 10) - 10t = 30
D

PY
T O
⇒ 15t - 30 - 10t = 30
D U AA

⇒ 5t = 60⇒ t = 12 hours
T
Putting this in eq(ii)⇒ x = 5t - 10
A
ED PR

= 5(12) - 10
O C

= 50 km/h
©

From equation (i), we obtain

N

Distance to travel = d = xt
= 50 × 12
= 600 km
Hence, the distance covered by the train is 600 km.
Q. 4 The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are
extra in a row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row,
there would be 2 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.
Answer: Let the number of rows be x and number of students in a row
be y.
Total students of the class = Number of rows x Number of students in
a row = xy
Using the information given in the question,
Condition 1
Total number of students = (x - 1) (y + 3)
= (x - 1) (y + 3)
= xy - y + 3x - 3
3x - y - 3 = 0

O I S I
3x - y = 3 ....(i)

CO N
D

PY
Condition 2
T O
D U AA

Total number of students = (x + 2) (y - 3)

T
= xy + 2y - 3x - 6
A
ED PR

⇒3x - 2y = -6 ... (ii)

Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
O C

(3x - y) - (3x - 2y) = 3 - (-6)

©

⇒- y + 2y = 9
N

⇒3 + 6 y = 9
By using equation (i), we obtain 3x - 9 = 3,
⇒3x = 9 + 3
⇒3x = 12
⇒x=4
From (i),
⇒ 3(4) - y = 3
⇒ 12 - y = 3⇒ 9 = y
Number of rows = x = 4
Number of students in a row = y = 9
Number of total students in a class = Number of students in 1 row ×
Number of rows
= xy
= 4× 9 = 36.
Q. 5 In a ∆ ABC, <C=3<B=2 (<A+<B) Find the three angles.
Answer: Given that,
∠ C = 3∠ B = 2(∠ A + ∠ B)
O I S
Let's take 3∠ B = 2(∠ A + ∠ B)
I
CO N
D

PY
3∠ B = 2∠ A + 2∠ B
T O
D U AA

∠ B = 2∠ A
T
2 ∠ A - ∠ B = 0 … (i)
A
ED PR

We know that the sum of the measures of all angles of a triangle is

180°. Therefore,
O C

∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C = 180°
©

∠ A + ∠ B + 3 ∠ B = 180°
N

∠ A + 4 ∠ B = 180° … (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 4, we obtain
8 ∠ A - 4 ∠ B = 0 … (iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain
9 ∠ A = 180°
∠ A = 20°
From equation (ii), we obtain
20° + 4 ∠ B = 180°
4 ∠ B = 160°
∠ B = 40°
and
∠C=3∠B
= 3 × 40° = 120°
Therefore, ∠ A, ∠ B, ∠ C are 20°, 40°, and 120° respectively.
Q. 6 Draw the graphs of the equations 5x - y = 5 and 3x - y = 3.
Determine the co-ordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines and the y axis.
O I S
Answer: 5x - y = 5 Or,
I
CO N
D
y = 5x – 5

PY
T O
D U AA

The solution table will be as follows.

x 0 1 2
T
y -5 0 5
A
ED PR

3x-y =3 or, y
=3x - 3
O C

The solution
table will be as
©

follows.
N

x 0 1 2
y -3 0 3
The graphical representation of these lines will be as follows.
 O I S I
CO N
D

PY
T O
D U AA

It can be observed that the required triangle is ΔABC formed by these

lines and y-axis. The coordinates of vertices are A (1, 0), B (0, - 3), C
T
(0, - 5).
A
ED PR

Q. 7 Solve the following pair of linear equations.

O C

(i) px + qy = p - q
©

qx - py = p + q
(ii) ax + by = c
N

bx + ay = 1 + c
𝑥 𝑦
(iii) − =0
𝑎 𝑏

ax + by = a2 + b2
(iv) (a - b) x + (a + b) y = a2 - 2ab - b2
(a + b) (x + y) = a2 + b2
(v) 152 x - 378 y = - 74
-378 x + 152 y = - 604
Answer:
(i) p x + q y = p - q … (1)
q x - p y = p + q … (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by p and equation (2) by q,
we obtain p2 x + pq y = p2 - pq … (3)
q2 x - pq y = pq + q2 … (4)
Adding equations (3) and (4),
we obtain p2x + q2 x = p2 + q2
(p2 + q2) x = p2 + q2

𝑥= O I S
𝑝2 +𝑞2
𝑝2 +𝑞2
=1
I
CO N
D

PY
From equation putting the value of x (1),
T O
D U AA

we obtain p (1) + qy = p - q
qy = - q
T
y=-1
A
ED PR

(ii) ax + by = c … (1)
O C

bx + ay = 1 + c … (2)
©

Multiplying equation (1) by a and equation (2) by b,

N

we obtain a2 x + ab y = ac … (3)
b2 x + ab y = b + bc … (4)
Subtracting equation (4) from equation (3),
(a2 - b2) x = ac - bc – b
𝑐(𝑎 −𝑏) −𝑏
𝑥=
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
From equation (1), we obtain ax + by = c, now putting the value of x in
the equation
𝑐(𝑎 −𝑏) −𝑏
𝑎{ } + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
𝑎𝑐 (𝑎 −𝑏) −𝑎𝑏
+ 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
𝑎𝑐 (𝑎 −𝑏) −𝑎𝑏
𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 −
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
𝑎 2 𝑐−𝑏2 𝑐−𝑎 2 𝑐+𝑎𝑏𝑐 +𝑎𝑏
𝑏𝑦 =
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 −𝑏2 𝑐+𝑎𝑏
𝑏𝑦 =
𝑎 2 −𝑏2

𝑏𝑦 = O I S𝑏𝑐(𝑎 −𝑏) +𝑎𝑏

I
𝑎 2 −𝑏2

CO N
D

PY
𝑐(𝑎 −𝑏) +𝑎
𝑦=
T O
𝑎 2 −𝑏2
D U AA

𝑥 𝑦
(iii) − =0
𝑎 𝑏
T
or, bx - ay = 0 … (1)
A
ED PR

ax + by = a2 + b2 … (2)
O C

Multiplying equation (1) and (2) by b and a respectively, we obtain b2

©

x - ab y = 0 … (3)
N

a2 x + ab y = a3 + ab2 … (4)
Adding equations (3) and (4), we obtain b2x + a2x = a3 + ab2
x (b2 + a2) = a (a2 + b2) x
Thus, x = a
By using (1), and putting the value of x in the equation we obtain b (a)
- ay = 0
ab - ay = 0
ay = ab
y=b
(iv) (a - b) x + (a + b) y = a2 - 2ab - b2 … (1)
(a + b) (x + y) = a2 + b2
(a + b) x + (a + b) y = a2 + b2… (2)
Subtracting equation (2) from (1),
we obtain
(a - b) x - (a + b) x = (a2 - 2ab - b2) - (a2 + b2) (a - b - a - b) x = - 2ab -
2b2
O I S I
- 2bx = - 2b (a + b)

CO N
D

PY
x=a+b T O
D U AA

Using equation (1), and putting the value of x in the equation we obtain
T
(a - b) (a + b) + (a + b) y = a2 - 2ab - b2a2 - b2 + (a + b) y = a2 - 2ab - b2
A
ED PR

(a + b) y = - 2ab
−2𝑎𝑏
O C

𝑦=
𝑎 +𝑏
©

(v) 152 x - 378 y = - 74 ------------ (1)

-378 x + 152 y = - 604 -------- (2)
N

Multiply eq (2) by 152 and equation (1) by 378

378 × 152x – 3782y = -74 × 378
-378 × 152x + 1522y = -604 × 152
Adding both the questions we get
(1522 – 3782)y = -119780
-119780 y = -119780
y=1
put the value in eq 1,
152 x - 378 x 1 = - 74 152 x = 378 - 74152 x = 304x = 2we get x = 2.
Q. 8 ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral (see Fig. 3.7). Find the angles of
the cyclic quadrilateral.

O I S
Answer: We know that the sum of the measures of opposite angles in
a cyclic quadrilateral is 180°. Therefore, ∠ A + ∠ C = 180
I
CO N
D

PY
⇒4y + 20 - 4x = 180
T O
D U AA

⇒- 4x + 4y = 160
⇒x - y = - 40 ....(i)
T
A
ED PR

Also, ∠ B + ∠ D = 180
⇒3y - 5 - 7x + 5 = 180
O C

⇒- 7x+ 3y = 180 .... (ii)

©

Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we obtain 3x - 3y = - 120.... (iii)

N

Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain

- 7x + 3x = 180 - 120
- 4x = 60
x = -15
By using equation (i), we obtain x - y = - 40
-15 - y = - 40
y = -15 + 40
= 25
∠ A = 4y + 20
= 4(25) + 20 ∠A= 120°
∠ B = 3y - 5
= 3(25) - 5 ∠B= 70°
∠C = - 4x
= - 4(- 15)
∠C = 60°
∠D = - 7x + 5 = - 7(-15) + 5

O I S
= 105 + 5
I
CO N
∠D = 110°.
D

PY
T O
D U AA
T
A
ED PR
O C
©