PED 115 Handouts Group 1

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY & FITNESS
REPORTERS:
OQUENDO, GLENN
BISNAR, ELMIE
DENOSTA, JOAN
TUMANDAY, ROSE MAE
DR. JOHN RALPH FAYO
COURSE FACILITATOR
Overview of Exercise Physiology:
Exercise physiology is a branch of science that focuses on the study of how the body
responds and adapts to physical activity and exercise. It involves the examination of
various physiological processes and mechanisms that occur during exercise, as well as
the long-term effects of regular physical activity on overall health and fitness. Exercise
physiologists use their knowledge to design exercise programs that are safe and
effective for individuals of different fitness levels and health conditions..
a. Historical Development:
The study of exercise physiology has a rich history that dates back to ancient
civilizations. Early societies, such as the Greeks and Romans, recognized the
importance of physical activity in promoting health and strength. However, the formal
scientific investigation of exercise physiology began in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries.
In the late 1800s, the work of Swedish physiologist August Krogh and German physician
Otto Meyerhof laid the foundation for understanding how muscles use oxygen during
exercise. Their research on oxygen consumption and metabolism earned them Nobel
Prizes in Physiology or Medicine.
Throughout the 20th century, advancements in technology and research methods

allowed scientists to delve deeper into the physiological effects of exercise. Notable
contributors to exercise physiology include exercise physiologist Jack H. Wilmore, who
made significant contributions to the field through his research and writings.
b. Areas of Study:
Exercise physiology encompasses various areas of study, including:
 Cardiovascular Physiology: Examining the heart's response to exercise, blood

flow,and the transport of oxygen and nutrients to working muscles.
 Respiratory Physiology: Understanding the mechanisms of breathing and oxygen

uptake during physical activity
 Metabolic Physiology: Investigating how the body's energy systems produce

andutilize energy during exercise.
 Neuromuscular Physiology: Studying the interactions between the nervous

systemand muscles during movement and exercise.
 Endocrine Physiology: Analyzing the hormonal responses to exercise and their

rolein regulating various physiological processes.
 Environmental Physiology: Understanding how the body responds to different

environmental conditions during exercise, such as heat, cold, and altitude.
c. Physical Fitness:
Physical fitness refers to the overall state of health and well-being related to the ability
to perform various physical activities. It is influenced by factors such as cardiovascular
endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Regular
physical activity and exercise contribute to improving physical fitness levels, which are
associated with better overall health and reduced risk of chronic diseases.
d. Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Health:
There is substantial evidence that regular physical activity and exercise have numerous
health benefits. Some of the positive effects on health include:
 Improved Cardiovascular Health: Regular exercise can strengthen the heart

and improve blood circulation, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
 Weight Management: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy body weight

by burning calories and increasing metabolism.
 Enhanced Muscular Strength and Endurance: Exercise helps build and

maintain strong muscles, enhancing overall physical performance.
Better Bone Health: Weight-bearing exercises can improve bone density and
reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
 Mental Health Benefits: Physical activity has been linked to reduced stress,
anxiety, and depression, promoting overall mental well-being.
 Diabetes Management: Regular exercise can help control blood sugar levels
and improve insulin sensitivity in individuals with diabetes.
Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Physical activity is associated with a

lower risk of chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and
certain types of cancer.
Exercise physiologists play a crucial role in designing personalized exercise programs

to improve health and fitness, taking into account an individual's specific goals, fitness
level, and any existing health conditions. Regular physical activity, combined with proper
nutrition and rest, forms the foundation for a healthy lifestyle and optimal wellbeing.

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EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY & FITNESS

TUMANDAY, ROSE MAE

DR. JOHN RALPH FAYO

Overview of Exercise Physiology:

Throughout the 20th century, advancements in technology and research methods

 Cardiovascular Physiology: Examining the heart's response to exercise, blood

 Respiratory Physiology: Understanding the mechanisms of breathing and oxygen

 Metabolic Physiology: Investigating how the body's energy systems produce

 Neuromuscular Physiology: Studying the interactions between the nervous

 Endocrine Physiology: Analyzing the hormonal responses to exercise and their

 Environmental Physiology: Understanding how the body responds to different

 Improved Cardiovascular Health: Regular exercise can strengthen the heart

 Weight Management: Physical activity helps maintain a healthy body weight

 Enhanced Muscular Strength and Endurance: Exercise helps build and

Reduced Risk of Chronic Diseases: Physical activity is associated with a

Exercise physiologists play a crucial role in designing personalized exercise programs

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