Carbon footprint[edit]

Intel reported total CO2e emissions (direct + indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31,
2020, at 2,882 Kt (+94/+3.4% y-o-y).[28] Intel plans to reduce carbon emissions 10% by 2030 from a
2020 base year.[29]

Intel's annual total CO2e emissions (direct + indirect) in

Dec. 2017 Dec. 2018 Dec. 2019 Dec. 2020 Dec. 2021

2,461[30] 2,578[31] 2,788[32] 2,882[28] 3,274[33]

Manufacturing locations[edit]
Intel has self-reported that they have wafer fabs in the United States, Ireland, and Israel. They have
also self-reported that they have assembly and testing sites mostly in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia,
and Vietnam, with only one assembly and/or testing site in the United States. [34][35]

History[edit]
For a chronological guide, see Timeline of Intel.

Origins[edit]

Andy Grove, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in 1978

Intel was incorporated in Mountain View, California, on July 18, 1968, by Gordon E. Moore (known
for "Moore's law"), a chemist, Robert Noyce, a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated
circuit and Arthur Rock, an investor and venture capitalist.[36][37][38] Moore and Noyce had left Fairchild
Semiconductor and were part of the "traitorous eight". There were originally 500,000 shares
outstanding of which Dr. Noyce bought 245,000 shares, Dr. Moore 245,000 shares, and Mr. Rock
10,000 shares; all at $1 per share. Rock offered $2,500,000 of convertible debentures to a limited
group of private investors (equivalent to $21 million in 2022), convertible at $5 per share. [39][40] Just 2
years later, Intel became a public company via an initial public offering (IPO), raising $6.8 million
($23.50 per share).[41] Intel's third employee was Andy Grove,[note 1] a chemical engineer, who later ran
the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s.

In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce",[42] near homophone for
"more noise" – an ill-suited name for an electronics company, since noise in electronics is usually
undesirable and typically associated with bad interference. Instead, they founded the company
as NM Electronics (or MN Electronics) on July 18, 1968, but by the end of the month had changed
the name to Intel which stood for Integrated Electronics.[note 2] Since "Intel" was already trademarked
by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name. [41][48]

Early history[edit]
At its founding, Intel was distinguished by its ability to make logic circuits using semiconductor
devices. The founders' goal was the semiconductor memory market, widely predicted to
replace magnetic-core memory. Its first product, a quick entry into the small, high-speed memory
market in 1969, was the 3101 Schottky TTL bipolar 64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM),
which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations by Fairchild and the
Electrotechnical Laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan.[49][50] In the same year, Intel also produced the 3301
Schottky bipolar 1024-bit read-only memory (ROM)[51] and the first commercial metal–oxide–
semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) silicon gate SRAM chip, the 256-bit 1101.[41][52][53]

While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static cell structure made it too slow and
costly for mainframe memories. The three-transistor cell implemented in the first commercially
available dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the 1103 released in 1970, solved these issues.
The 1103 was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by 1972, as it replaced core
memory in many applications.[54][55] Intel's business grew during the 1970s as it expanded and
improved its manufacturing processes and produced a wider range of products, still dominated by
various memory devices.