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Banan

SPECIFIC ISSUES IN STS - Early and primitive forms of

information and communication
• The Information Age
technology were developed.
• First Information Revolution
• Second Information Revolution LANGUAGE
• Space Age - The first step towards the
• Third Information Age Information Age
• Impact of the Information Age - Allowed our ancestors to
communicate complex ideas and
share knowledge across
THE IFORMATION AGE generations.
➢ Rapid shift from the traditional industry WRITING
because of the Industrial Revolution
through Industrialization to information - Invented around 3200 B.C.
technology-based economy. - Allowed information to be stored
➢ Pre-historic in the 21 st Century and shared across time and
➢ Known as Computer Age, Digital Age, space.
and The New Media Age. PRINTING
➢ Linked to the Digital or Information
- Greatly increases dissemination
Revolution.
and preservation of knowledge.

James R. Messenger
Johannes Gutenberg
- Proposed the theory of information age
- invented the movable type printing
in 1982.
press.

Theory of Information Age

❖ COMMUNICATION TOOLS- D-F-H-U-U-P
- The information age is true age upon the - essential during the information age
interconnection of computers via - enabled long-distance communication,
telecommunications. message exchange, and information
exchange.

❖ Communication is limited by: • Drums rolls

• Distance • Fire signals
• Time • Hand signals
• Location • Use of pigeons
• Use of flags
• Papyrus
❖ Invention of language, writing, and
printing
- started the information revolution.

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DRUM ROLLS
- Used for long-distance
communication, indicating
PAPYRUS
danger, festivities, or significant
announcements through various - a plant-based material.
beats and rhythms. - Played a crucial role in ancient
written documents, including
historical, legal, and religious
FIRE SIGNALS texts, for recording and preserving
- Utilized for long-distance knowledge.
communication, efficiently
conveying messages in specific
FIRST INFORMATION REVOLUTION
patterns, particularly during
daytime. ➢ emerged in the mid-19th Century.
➢ inventions: telegraph, telephone, radio
➢ lasted until 1950s.
HAND SIGNALS
- Crucial nonverbal communication
method in military operations and Samuel Morse (1791-1872)
hunting. - pioneered the operational
- Provides concise and clear telegraph model, patented in 1940
communication without the need and used in 1945.
for verbal exchange. - facilitating widespread
communication in America and
Europe
USE OF PIGEONS - During the American Civil War,
- Used as messengers. telegraphs played a crucial role in
- They transport messages over military communication.
long distances and deliver them to - Diplomatic offices in Europe
precise locations. harnessed telegraphs for
- Mostly used during wartime and streamlined communication.
challenging communication
Johann Philip Reis
situations.
- developed the first telephonic
device.
USE OF FLAGS
- used for visual communication, Alexander Graham Bell
signalling, and message delivery.
- credited with the 1876 invention
- commonly used for military
of the telephone.
purposes, ship-to-ship
communication, and maritime
navigation.

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Guglielmo Marconi ❖ The development of the early computers

was due to the needs of the military.
- invented and patented: 1 st ever
Radio which initially transmits
Morse codes only.
Jhan Vincent Atanasoff
- developed the first electronic
Reginald Fessenden digital computer in 1939.
- had a breakthrough in sending
voice and music through the Raio Alan Turing
- developed the first working digital
computer, the “Colossus”.
SECOND INFORMATION REVOLUTION
- began in the 1950s until 1980s.
- further improved communication Colossus
due to the invention of television,
- was used during World War II to
early generation computers, and
decode their Nazi War codes.
satellites
- made the “world smaller”.
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (1946)
Television - developed Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Calculator or
- developed in 1920s based on the
ENIAC.
works of 3 inventors. F-Z-D

❖ The problem of ENIAC and first-

Fransworth
generation computers
- invented the process of image - overheating or burning out
scanning. because of vacuum tubes.

Zworykin Transistors
- invented the iconoscope tube and - was developed by William
the kinescope television tube. Shockley, Walter Brattain, and
John Bardeen because of the
overheating problem.
Dumont
- invented the receiver picture
tube.

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SPACE AGE - was used to broadcast the 1964

Summer Olympics.
➢ a period encompassing the activities
related to the Space Race, Space
Exploration, and Space Technology
Intelsat I “Early Bird”
- launched on April 6, 1965
Satellites - first commercial communication
satellite
- were developed to transmit
- connecting Europe and North
telephone and television signals in
America via telephone and
a global scale.
television broadcasts
- enabled global communication.
- developed by Hughes Aircraft
- Allowed governments and
Company (Boeing Satellite
companies to send information
Systems).
with privacy, reliability, and
timeliness
THIRD INFORMATION REVOLUTION
Sputnik 1 - a result of advancements in
techniques and innovations from
- the first artificial satellite
the first two Information
- developed by the Soviet Union
Revolution
- was launched on October 4, 1957
- increase in the speed of
- a polished metal sphere 58cm
information transmission.
(23) in diameter with four external
- heightened demand for more new
radio antennas to broadcast radio
technologies or improvements in
pulses.
the current ones.

SCORE or Signal Communication by Orbiting

MAIN TECHNOLOGIES
Relay Equipment
- World’s first communication • Advanced Semiconductor
satellite • Advanced computer
- launched on December 18, 1958 • Fiber Optics
- transmitting a Christmas greeting • Cellular Technology
from President Eisenhower • Satellite Technology
across space • Advanced Networking
• Improve human computer interaction.
• Digital Transmission and Digital
SYNCOM III Compression
- launched on August 19, 1964
- first civilian telecommunication
Advance Semiconductor
satellite
- developed by NASA.

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- the most significant technology - Circuits with approximately 5000

that significantly increased. transistors on a single chip
- the ability of storing, processing,
and transmitting information.
- 10,000 bits of information in 1978 Fifth Generation Computer
to 160 trillion bits of information in - the present generation of computers and
2017. is the most advanced one.
- Used in almost every sector of - Began around 1981 up until now.
electronics. - Used multiple processing units allowing
- Semiconductor components such the simultaneous process of data.
as integrated chips, diodes, and - Super computers were part of the voices,
transistors operated consumer photos, digital data and other forms of
electronics. information.

Microprocessor Copper wires and Coaxial cables

- an integrated circuit (IC), - Primary means of transmitting data for
integrating critical functions in the many years.
central processing unit (CPU) - They helped to connect people all over
- a programmable silicon chips. the world.
- developed in 1979. - Cable television, telephone and
- it contained around 10,000 telegraph use copper wires or coaxial
transistors. cables.
- In 2018, microprocessor with 6.9 - Copper wires can transmit hundreds of
billion transistors were developed. thousands of bits of information.

Advance Computer Fiber Optics

- To undertake very large-scale - are extremely thin glass fibers that can
projects carry information from one source to
another.
- can transmit billions of bits of information.
Fourth Generation Computer
- were made possible by the
development of computer chips Cellular Technology
that have hundreds of thousands - led to the development of cellular phones
of components. which made communication easier.

VLIS or Very Large Integrated Scale Cellular Phones

- were used in the fourth-generation - can store and process data.
computer from 1971-1980. - started in the 1970s.

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- can also be used in photography, music, - it was first used in1969 and finally
videos, navigation, and eLearning. decommissioned in 1989.
- main use was for academic and research
purposes.
Satellite Technologies
- helped build the global communication
❖ The increase in the data processing
infrastructure.
capacity of computers led to the
- they are being used for telephone
simplification of user interphase.
television radio and even weather and
climate change.
- Overcome geographical barriers.
Digital transmission
- Development of global broadcasting
systems - was developed to improve communication.
- Instrumental in facilitating international - it used digital signals instead of analog
teleconferencing. signals.
- allowed the development of digital
compression or the lowering of the size of
Networking or Advanced Network data or information.
- enhanced the connectivity and
communication worldwide.
Digital Compression
Internet - allowed more data storage which resulted
- the largest form of advanced network to easier and faster data transmission.
- at least 1.6 billion websites worldwide.
- made possible the development of social
media, online libraries, electronic mail, IMPACTS OF THE INFORMATION AGE
video calls, eLearning, and eCommerce. POSITIVE
1. It enabled greater connectivity of people
Bob Kahn (1938) and Vintcerf (1943) around the world.
2. It made many aspects of day-to-day life
- American computer scientists who
more convenient.
developed TCP/IP, the set of protocols
3. It created online communities.
that governs how data moves through a
4. It made information more accessible.
network.
- Vintcerf is credited with the first written
use of the word ‘internet’. NEGATIVE
1. Much information is false and misleading.
APARNET or U.S. Advanced Research 2. It allowed the conduct of crimes and
Projects Agency Network illegal activities.
3. It creates a ‘Digital Divide’.
- the first public packet-switched computer
4. It affected human’s productivity and
network.
flourishing.

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