wer |} Hed “Bhatia at = uhm isBiens A234) ae Stal = ta &) | A Stotement las ol ok either trl er Hise hb Senor g Sessa te Eee , eR Ea “4 = | 543-24 | osioleme St 4 i He ES == = é gy | Gach ene = bilhek Bega | op Pols bowers, gs she blowing —genbence ciel, ¢Bfafemnentss © +4 || Pat i == la) Zo ib loan Sey dale [hal 2 a f—-4 =a | [ Be ee eae eee eee ae == Sao ~The eaboke += c (bb inet Bidens 5 sk, We Sataely a ond ese peed + SS SEE Ee |[TP Rel inkentdon is) + 7 j ire “Te Pera ER Ren ik isha Ad SNatementi HR Ae oben ig zy syst jPor-/seme aye here) Erue sttatemenk = at =f = A Gompcund. statement, — fray be Pines by toning | tue) om mee, 9 =tatebnenkes .. Ahren Ate Va i at ed | Versus 9 hes neckives. , or playa connec bives. 54 kan be luse [Sein cerapound mi enks Wserd Suchos/= wand Ske, ack, ond ee then ful fetenple eh di chntectives!. = i == Tele a -patabement such os 2 “Taday i hot |suany eee konsist olf Bgl shat. toe = = fepaple Deleduas stable a) Statement 5 ft | Cohmpsopaedl 2 [Decide |. teh each slabecnt, ao rapepepat = @) You—cah—Stidd ae, byt HS) Or Yau. can ha later, ate sea Jai We exkdim fen hes mate e)ty Spot tues rede by Tock ond toil . Soluhios | | b)! The cennkchive. heres.“ lod Sfatemenkt| 3 Compounal. patie NUS 4g lal a TT amet %or da | ib | Wbgacal_bohndchtied “iPul ther, \ te Sat labstc tal Oooh empeund, abel | “The tool lard" used Hin Rel wentunte ain poke Z| sedi as| 5 MNogidat edanecllive | ule) ik ie] — park | of 9a) of SR moaubactnol . Thus PR Bete da od Sere al | 1a Bae Comgche “Septde = g | Etratectie=| |= pnb Type of Statement | = EK = pope Se el tahatial = = : Se = Sy Se = Sere a SS : Fimplies._ =| ize | Ganditional cob Heed oy if = Fee | bilevel a 5 ——F E = — | Negation + 49) | PS POEL RA ae Teel ot eT BA dey ee RAD | | FF we alin | | B ct see O1. eles oP ate ates 2H Galea ah @ ne pats Alice | [Statement 2, 4) bel y for: : Ee nc af ath Lod pola c) x 2<8 Lee pee -{b) aS neon aS == | af 2 d) 2443 ¢lsoJukion : ( (a Jo 2018 Lebanon had a ypnesident tol the | mloah isl dot A Shar, (| 4 > 3 (dj ary 4 > 66 Exnapale=t (fests da bols Ly Gord s, ck Pabpieaei Th tis |-as° Sie >-ond Nek ‘-Atiprenenks TE | js) fede bonite= | ebich ge daheienlel ig, in—words + ay Ps bapa 4 asta) A) ap A 4) : = ee tp feepaaes” Ty 2s ted bale ek Ss "eat a is ack see and bis, See Te hal c = +e wok g Cose ROE iy ig as? | ashen a or ff a)/ut in poses net RE Helis eed a * iE rey toe a poxe @) a Se ee eo ee ee ee ee le pelaFONT TL Thiet els) ee eg i ee Owe Pee ee 2 5) ” —Jeuide! = Ehen- cock, of! “Ke ee 3 ae Real Numbers. ARE Leraliored Nombas x | ee shat vel unalner and cane Sa as a quotient in! ert de Clamele_, “bieimal aepresenttatices ae ihoki¢rol_|-nianbers— ever eee uapta | -on Z j ‘ obey ve pepe 9] SUEB R16} — meme__edamples of inrationed nbmibehs. i, fe oP +f PET Per pees = Hb Z es Exainpl abot seks\—o} | aymbes_owelw seen bis “True oe albe: G Se 4 2 Way Ever inbegec Fetal idle ahubbbges No) Theses sunt) Con! ivrokimed pohber Rak iS on kal scitat| ibehey || Z Zolubion aes Ere 4 aj th aL walse! i EE Jk is on inl aa Novi} sep Gaetan number. Z Bah a False < fe fea boMode| nla bbde Poin skank ine gue eZ oN a a"FS | ® 7 Exercises! 1.3 GW) Peride whether each oo statomenk or ie age \. skotiement, a) ai, 5 G b14,5=9 .. co) Vp te an irrotionad number. : Sal tbe fos i Lhe ~ last might 2 eLheld $B) ts ik or mine? Vg hixt= 2% Odor) some xe ny. 9 (2) Dewde “wheter each lahenent is compound. —s Her oa eee " Sisker. F Sb Tt Wawel cdededl= =i oien ah i Fo Hag) Latops “ye SS S © shudied le for Ve, Math Crom, ond T at Pya E 6 Make S nego de cach “Uatement. people! hare_all the luck. Tea in Beruk ted 6) Bieryore Whe te Winker | yal sae | 0 A at a 8OP PTET re he Me | ee er SeCsCeeCerge @ 2 | d » C4) lek popeypeeenc 4Re_ statement |+ 2 she 2s be The. Conjuin chon hrale_lollsel 2 state Aen, Hranslake! each afenball compound stokemenk hrs} bowed te = aS SSS pv e)- phng —Hapanq: 3) ~Cpveg. tet Teath, Tables nd Eutvatan, statements 341 “Truth Tole So nee | The. pgs: obi statement’ ci Pe ens te he Fadel! Re stplement - pe 13.) (My Truth Tle Yee Re Con a gtd g al sae pag) 4a Thue when. pow 4 aaa ae J mask haves AR Fgooite oul To Y stot pag) \hh * ea \ Pre N= pret FE \ ====2 = == S——beanple LP iaobaed Fey aka ide fy heiadscas a —p— F Biel | Weel truth! vabice of pag = | f 7 6 (Sclution « iene 16> Un io True 9 paq=TAF =F = tach “Ran fosin eae SSS S jh -4 fill f mt se ae = pa ate P od q! Represenhs “Gy3a” : bal la fe ph paypal" 2, e. SeGe a a 7 | Fe A ih a Ul HI Soe tt 1 fatal c ote ie a a at Pee i gers at 43 Me + oe : = py ——f rine | 6 93 | 4B . a__b) |For pe Lend number t-,/2 20! or tsa. 3 c A Thus, due te ae presence ef ov cepmples (Dect dng| wah Ma then rat or Fale ly cece whether each statement True + false . for tome neal! number 2, 1 <6 and apd. a) b)) For —exrey-|-meall —numbet 5.20 a3 TT -and a | -[- = Toa do To. Remember" Same.” means —also |“ at nae one" $36 | or den TOV) Ely True. Lo er ae cae statements? , ee = | f= A ; BW nce ~lpyq) 2 © aS | pag, a Fade ) E a wo pg EEL Ag: re ft aae_tboatt Spe ene iain land iq aes ‘3 Ono St e tae os ary, eee chek + Te ce { eater nae aDhiat + at igang |. Elis Re stolen disfunction 2 toh, epde, SE Te BACT onKM Phd dd eld / ED le AR stohement (9 6 trwe 2 _| Le Py E ie equivalant bo $216 or 826 y hs dlont le, | = \ == Ae fey ot A Fy + Sse = jot at = Se a eA sal westik| case! th cahich SS} stfeae Ee fe fa Mv = Roce = Lee eS +0 ae oenicked |b be loyal E {i kl eee hal | gE) aa Ste Ty Lexie were il. fat =-F ‘oh Lat PS wis| | oo" b)} Deatde whe ther each Compound statement, ist true jor false. ) i a+t-4 ® ar6-2 J 34s" ae Gs 10 —|Solution : + Do als = Eee — Bact Sy \ Mie we | The | Frencises © foe —— fo)" Al men: ——— = $b)| Stmt me mbbenl Nh ld ig ——_— FE - Oe | é : p hepad se Ya stl Used abet : SS Lie a = acct Full “fe ond, \ek r@ 52 a a) ”~ =A hSintecl al at abe Ts| 4h) stalement| 6 <4 hue or fate fie Gonshruck a bruth able Ret docks compound Stpbemunk |. = a females ) eiietans :: <) py (oq 4 ap ) olupyg)a (ag ad - St 7 Pda Paige tb a tes 9.) Tomsk. a oO = sae ein ol he enc) to = is Ness Ran uy “vig nb Sroeas | 2 =Yov uaercenenca | fee ‘o)\_—4 a ope pmb ond bk) 4 (pony i= PI wD) oe “pt ue LH | Sel Hon: { a ‘ Fee Erde (Chek IOI Sy re, all. Ble. Z 7 ATN Nf aT cS be InabhemaliefF eteemple + bt. Can) = (W3| Speetal | charackerisbics of! Condatiorial Sratements_¢ £)| psq is. False only when pis true and, q 4 Valse. 2) Tf pte False Rtn P37-p automatically True. DTP g de Thus, Ren Poy custo Tue, louke Truear False or each statements. ™ Here T_hepnesents a The, statement. and vt apretaats a False sta\ement : e)} Tau) )I (4¢ 3,4 3 } 439 selution| = bo) (43.4) pH H-Cr> aja EF m™ Sh cS B Fe th la = - BC pe gloCepag) (PE Ft ahndemenk Usps ~ig) ~Cp va ) a) lp tak ta SSS Sees gPAG (ho) Capa) IEE FE F : ¥ SE T + + = Fuse T T r ay~ ‘ | ) of P39_\_vp|_mpvg petra ee | f Fr EF = i= SN Fate T : | ae = SEE SA f - eee equivalent: S ample 4 fe Sued he alia of en Ch slatemagl Kes 9) E yeu Study’ well Ren you will succeed. Cs } Al birds have | uotngs . f paceHent net Mat cp oa) 2 SS a) lek Fe you StLd i aia pe sts “PAA = well | jou tacit) suckeed | ‘ « “ ‘ 4 ‘ ‘ 4 a ‘ 4 4 iy well “Bas eit) dicaha) E ; : 9 ® 9 9 9 9 * Pay ou Sth, well ond ges tl I nok ul A 5) All birds, have. ts ee ms == SE ip = s oe Slaten nPb ee pO Se ae a ae rere Tl | | | 4 1 | | S . 3 . > > (Al birds rove veinge) = mo CrPitl ido third en ik has spinor) pAa Exam le, Woatke “aach leahditierlal Aslan _¢ divalent Stetenene woitouk, us! ng 5 then. SRE yoke | “Hen FL idel my tbileel.. TH levi ous, safe pt fk —usant, be. be ESE 3 “d f= E i=: teh Nok! Ra Sway ie ote eS + A Tide lke — pista) =e Nqf = = z Eaeee5. 7: vate orl ytde- 5 loi — Tee Plowing sou! is iehag EL gas St be gh, P3q)-s lp aq EEF ‘ping geu is nok Pen or TU) don't Gant) bol toe abe é@ ¢ ett is} bivd land vik doesngk hone wings. i ( LLL Ji ! | sm ING] Bdmd Eeuifolent Istatlerents 2 ii 1] Distributire laws: ) py Cae s (pea) aCpy) Se call ae 2) |p A Soeciabive Law t= pelgee) = (pagar a ga = = 9) Somat (Un lade: Ee — | pyq = que. SS St == » Pete Sr GeEaEee = : SS —_W){Do eee Er —= ee Coe == ooo SS pas tal = SSS SSS — | Felempetent Laws ¢ == = Eo2 SIS ~ SOS SSSOSSeeescedcetcetcdddsd Oy. Gy] el sett Laws 2 pre Op pAF = PY SSS baa Pp “Pvp EIT Pala BEL | aa a tebe Cpvq) =! pang (pA = AP Vag PY qs (opanq) req = wa PYery Cents pe mikive _b. 1a Cova) oy] Peet rev y Is [ps (aay) J 4 Q\NaS) Expatalion Law SS [easds Les @sn] Sy ee == a md Tautstegy Conkeddicktok 4 i ® ~ (AY Tautology 2 An unpentank. class ae Afen arb it trues b)| The | ate | PTR ie Ries! Wea tts lal bind”) ad Te lddestek By erik d Bird aE og te ace dient | f=E 2) oo is] Palse. a Ls, and! was) Fols al*® feild) gps baa! it epiS © SN a} 2p pis bruce, Hn (paq)—> pia terue, }) © TP pia False ond) xg to erve Hn “ee feeiengl yr is) Shue t D) ap! 3s rf Hen P49 in Leu. — } — ~ §) he sejalior ppt = E us a Fy, Ren Till tbelieve tm E ‘TR Pishes dewk ty. jen TL udon’L todlieve iL” hy ey alo (= & 5-4) is true. | = i) T—(ewa) i [ial bewle & =) (85/34 a)=> (4 yo) fs Ebue— gf @ lek myriad S be Falla f \ fPspP eikions 3 + | : (im nepre: Tk is = ety 4 SS Sed sents“ This so, —gind “GE qnd Ss SpapPresentst There are meio in at he ae ES) TFerslets eo Boho 4 Fy = Jegicok eEmeas| sing Serre le | >TTT FVII FFT CCSOCECCTKEKEHHHKES » ® se a) b) rw . i Sno > + rey sae sa hen “Wine ke clo ds Ride Gel ye frat Shousthg —t4Ren ttl id hoe sh Bhoy and Pere aa clobds [ed ARL Sey W)Meishot omy and iL as nok enousing. Cl | VTP Renken fa clouds | in Age ast mak A Testor = Ze Stotemenk jin words, b) 4x press! each termpeonel ) Cmar)_. (mle) Wu (mviry as ay ©} Give “Re! -bruth Volues fee paces. in port (a) chore. Find Re truth Value_of. each Stokement . Assume tak. Poord quan! False andy lis bye, nip io mancae epee Peet ee A: tps 4) ny, ort Cpa) A ALAA a rxpoo} brue, statements @| assume teak. ak ip Re Erubh value i < ken wo! is * [few (pvs)JyCemy) Eo > Cockteed See recente nen consisks, | 3 ~ 7 ae Ce ae } 0 f state = = fis] qs eel eka [ial Salse 1 © ee a truth tab reach shat L “Bley ont [aig fe eee ([ =o Cena) = ($4) 5 > pa a © Is lpg) av (e->aa) ‘ E ofp) Alpe) Jap L ES pm (ps a v(ae> s) 3 = rep se trike He gee Pi each, statement t ==e) a) If 5 ga omy will de Peat fate hy Mapp PY Ra your at - | WY“~~ "*VFVFFTVUCUCCCCCHCVCVHHHIS A Pishes howe ails! , “xe fpecwoter Me gtonks TE will oe op “ye yet donk to be hoppy Por Re _vesk owt bite Ren lnever maRh io petey So fren seat snide ? » e “Pl she! idees | he toil nek". Resorite jecich_stdtemenk (above in Exercise 4) OS_an equivalent statement Ral deesnok, use © {PO Hen” Cennectice Ql Sirpehy 30 possible PAL qvep)| (wm Awn)Anr Lm Awn)y (on vim ) 4) ~p A Leva jar] eo} @panal (pryeg ] ©) Suppose Wat Pa ig Caise, Ging de, wath Values. Por ¢ | @ 9) Pe b) pag y TPAiPPerence be! buseen RO] wohat is Hee i So EER Se pda) witRouk, jslng: ec truth | cable, = | A Ke kx = D/A legiecin | told hee See oR TTR you idemt—Pinsch uur, chines doy aati) | de bo ey up Sand watch dey = #) + She “fee he! Tnverse., and | Con Umpeoikine of carat Statements Pe of fate IE Pq 5 nerselof pq | jp. verse op | sq Taso - 3 strapoitieg af Poh roy lok eee 5 , ~|Givern Be Con dtlicnal. Stajesvenk <> St + = Ip yee pend Hen showy, aft‘ s ind He | Converse. pen stotement Selftional lek, p- Hote ay inverse and. contraperikive op 97 = seat = myer p 4a. Be te a : \ nvetse ep “dpa 4 bp ahid : $ - OT donk studi j4fen| T de nok. ato” t = enbespesttive ef pag QJ ta qu S V > “TR I denok. stag sien oul donk. sted} > got =e psa Poopraty CEsivalences) 4 : ire = Ree 5 y d fend Honadh = —Chnlerapbsi bi ve 2 ped Pd pq : ~} => xp = =e ete tre 4 as + JE] og z BE fe bee | Pee ¢ )o- » 154. Common “Trannslalusn> ep Po 42 ie the | Cinditional p94 can be bronslated ~~) ine ony of Ha Artssie popes TEP ARin 1 S Hap Se ie Pp Bor ae | * & Pp ie $ hy - ple: if yet ant below) 15. yes old en, | = yeu con _poatici pote in We Voice Yeids. be ts [le Re Sheu att noe iy Sinere He Veiee eds 1) =e tes 1 Soe =e Ae a == cane = only = Saat one. =e =e ges ola“ if =a can = peticipab in. +e = Se | d +4 =H { q 4 J 4 =e 4" AN Rese, ig Re scien = St = ee Old can peti a belts AS eons a es HEL bee on He wee Hel TTe today ia MG offen yesterday) woas soo = { ane z e + Y . > 2 . —Feample 2 eat cach, shalement x M8 form > 9) You Gilt [bt leihid if LD leove yeu" j : ~b) Today is Merlo only ie afespetany was Soni 7 p<) “Au fe qoepr dshite clathes g > | > @ Se | Do) TPIT Mca udu, en you will be sick. | > ¥" 4 > > > » d Bicendi tional eS eae pag Aap ) Po 4 Poq ) SSE FE | y FSS f EEE F aa See5 ) Remark = : Pog = Paaya(q %) §Ass: siqnmentis an bogie Chapter Reuttes Nek. ond be “Ree! preport Lisn® > Sunplt ae ee ely Ow) Gpva) al spy-ng) Al pyq) ~~ ~ 2) pis). Cpa) (pat). Solotions + ¢ | 0 Gpvg)alapy 9) epya) i + plop (qa ala Co) t™ 7 blapw (¥) J a (pvq) 1 E 4p A (pq) (yeas p)Nlapaq) FV (ap Ag). | a) Cp ait (pav) Vv (pa) 6 E aR) ¥ Cpar) SC pAT) bir vy) vipat) To eg FC 19) V (pax) wv (par) ~~ ph [ Fav) JvT] = pAaTisep® ay) NOU 4) 3 Ny Ej = Peps Edsel fps layve)- 7 aS phase | 7 sh Re | Xctlouothg) eqeuvebenta | Lact Settieal ts: Te pxg) se] @ Ups alg sul. : OL a) Tle vig to] Eps (qan} el (p24 Jal pol. LE p_5( qd lp sa)v( Pond. Salsliohe {le he aa ae “Frukh Fables Sty = SS facouneane CEC snes HS 2 pos (4 o4) | 7 + |} PH ops Scene my i = ee = APY) gee x (pai, = Rie nwa om @ Abad r we eed getrl_ Psd) £4 (ae gfe A F se Pp + +r E =e ¥ £ [¥ =e ~» Ee Ee T YE ae ee ae zt ae eee £ te fe ee z + eer eee x Fe aS tf ehpatachlop ehh = f ea J. ; o Beet (p=palq—y Lt) vd @ Up 1 gO =| . sph aq ave u 665 eat h ° = vn) Aly vng) ze ' “is Gipyy) aCnqvyi) ! ' =e AC oyyS pie." (ipiq) sre (ators Lovie ‘ ft i‘ vy pve (pv9bey Poy gor (POpldan)¢ ir IEF Tt Ie Tr * JERR rl El A FE * Rr Tor r x EASer ir Elie =e AT Srl lr Fe a Fg PB ee TE Pe See eS os PLB SE . . : AAs epulailenk Ss 2 Me ng le Opodo] . i (pq) sy y - “= Srprg)y ie Opvag) ver ") | soy VE a(riany PIMC vig | iaceters d PSV Gg “ rys RLS abt way (pag) (easy Pay qr (P2041, Pe | | ed ne Parft n ACL ae — SEG 3 28 ls GoetHute pe 2a aS " EJ | ay A eh eee ee eg ett ats gh ie i “3 Sak eta A rs Ses ee eres fi fF a thal aE a a dt AA a a Ty Elias all a it | = (Sua | ° sol aire ion ba i Pe ey a oO e* e5 pola Jal po9) vps) J "Oaas« pslqvel =p vavr) 2Gpygy)virpvr) = pq) v( psy) learns) © z et q TV Avy palavy) £29 Por (pa )uipar) TT ee Far + =F rE FF Tr FAP pn ee |e TE aa ABR F = Fajr q Bap tr SRSA el EAE ele ra FARSI EL re gt a be de pup ieee ip ipa Seo» Detamre | Wchetin each of » sed Combtadiction » > e oLps. seis tener] e ajb p> al p+g)J © =(pyo) & eee oe Tah Tl 2 4 iy qr pqs) Pa} (Por 2 apt be= Er T a= : 2 +e | ¥ T F bt mae ea E Tr » TRF Oro ie F T 2 Er aE ae FT =F Fore R ia i F Lad yET Tos T. a= L. 2 ee ete Tr E s ® AEE lee Et Note eoyuspact A 2) |p y | P24. (p29) p> p39) pve (pug) iT Z FE Ee a Fi ite E T = EEF T r T & ra t EER Fe Tj EES errr E T Ty £ ITF = E T. T. E Fee ee Tr F = ec @rrr Jor | 7 F| | a pyeG2) ®nal eguielel