PHP Final

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PHP Final

Uploaded by

SNK GAMERS

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Web Techology part 2(PHP)

Server side scripting using PHP

●
PHP is an acronym for Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP is a widely-used open
source scripting language that are executed on the server side.
●
PHP borrowed its primary syntax from C++ & C.
●
Many of the programming techniques you’ve previously learned will work in PHP
(assignments, comparisons, loops, etc.) with little to no syntax difference.
●
There are, however, major changes in how data is manipulated in relationship to
C/C++.
●
C/C++ are type-specific languages, requiring the user to define a specific,
singular type for each variable that they use.
●
PHP commonly assigns its variables “by value”, meaning a variable takes on the
value of the source variable (expression) and is assigned to the destination
variable.
●
A variable can therefore change its type “on the fly”.
●
Therefore, variables are not declared as they are in most type-specific languages
like C/C++.
What can PHP do
●
Generate pages and files dynamically.
●
Create, open, read, write and close files on the server. Collect
data from a web form such as user information, email, phone
number, etc.
●
Send emails to the users of your website.
●
Send and receive cookies to track the visitor of your website.
Store, delete, and modify information in your database. Restrict
unauthorized access to your website.
●
Encrypt data for safe transmission over internet. and many more.
PHP Variables
●
In PHP, a variable does not need to be declared before adding a
value to it.
●
PHP automatically converts the variable to the correct data type,
depending on its value.
● After declaring a variable it can be reused throughout the code.
● The assignment operator (=) is used to assign value to a variable.
●
In PHP, variable can be declared as $var_name = value;
● Example
<html>
<body>
<h1>Declaring Variables</h1>
<?php
$txt = "Hello world!";
$x = 5;
$y = 10.5;
echo $txt;
echo " ";
echo $x;
echo " ";
echo $y;
?>
</body>
</html>
Naming Conventions for PHP
Variables
●
All variables in PHP start with a $ sign, followed by the name of
the variable.
●
A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore
character _.
●
A variable name cannot start with a number.
●
A variable name in PHP can only contain alpha-numeric
characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _).
●
A variable name cannot contain spaces.
PHP Data Types
●
The values assigned to a PHP variable may be of different data types including simple
string and numeric types to more complex data types like arrays and objects.
PHP supports total eight primitive data types:
● Integer
● Float
● String
● Booleans
● Array
● Object
● Resource &
● NULL
Operators in PHP – Arithmetic
● + :Addition ( $x + $y) Sum of $x and $y
● - :Subtraction( $x - $y) Difference of $x and $y
● *: Multiplication ($x * $y )Product of $x and $y
● / :Division ($x / $y) Quotient of $x and $y
● %: Modulus ($x % $y )Remainder of $x and $y
Example
<html><?php
$x = 10;
$y = 4;
echo($x + $y); // 0utputs: 14
echo " ";
echo($x - $y); // 0utputs: 6
echo " ";
echo($x * $y); // 0utputs: 40
echo " ";
echo($x / $y); // 0utputs: 2.5
echo " ";
echo($x % $y); // 0utputs: 2
?>
<html>
Operators in PHP – Comparison
<?php
$x = 25;
$y = 35;
$z = "25";
var_dump($x == $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x === $z); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x != $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x !== $z); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x < $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x > $y); // Outputs: boolean false
var_dump($x <= $y); // Outputs: boolean true
var_dump($x >= $y); // Outputs: boolean false
?>
Operators in PHP
Increment & Decrement
●
++$x (Pre-increment Increments $x by one, then returns $x)
●
$x++ (Post-increment Returns $x, then increments $x by
one)
●
--$x (Pre-decrement Decrements $x by one, then returns $x)
●
$x-- (Post-decrement Returns $x, then decrements $x by
one)
● Example
<html>
<?php
$x = 10;
echo ++$x; // Outputs: 11
echo" ";
echo $x; // Outputs: 11\
echo" ";
$x = 10;
echo $x++; // Outputs: 10
echo" ";
echo $x; // Outputs: 11
echo" ";
$x = 10;
echo --$x; // Outputs: 9
echo" ";
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
$x = 10;
echo" ";
echo $x--; // Outputs: 10
echo" ";
echo $x; // Outputs: 9
?>
</html>
Operators in PHP – Logical
● and :And ($x and $y True if both $x and $y are true)
● Or: Or ($x or $y True if either $x or $y is true)
●
xor :Xor ($x xor $y True if either $x or $y is true, but not
both)
●
&&: And ($x && $y True if both $x and $y are true)
●
|| :Or( $x || $y True if either $x or $y is true)
●
! :Not (!$x True if $x is not true)
Operators in PHP – String
● . : Concatenation( $str1.$str2 Concatenation of $str1 and $str2)
● .= :Concatenation assignment ($str1.=$str2 Appends the $str2 to the $str1)
Example:
<html>
<?php
$x = "Hello";
$y = " World!";
echo $x . $y;
echo" ";
// Output: HelloWorld!
$x .= $y;
echo $x;
//Output: HelloWorld!
?>
</html>
Object Oriented Programming using
●
server side scripting
OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.
●
Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform
operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects
that contain both data and functions.
Object-oriented programming has several advantages over procedural
programming:
●
OOP is faster and easier to execute
●
OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
●
OOP helps to keep the PHP code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code
easier to maintain, modify and debug
●
OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter
development time
PHP - What are Classes and Objects?
●
Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-oriented programming.
class
●
Fruit
Object
●
objects
●
Apple
● Banana
● Mango
●
So, a class is a template for objects, and an
object is an instance of a class.
●
When the individual objects are created, they
inherit all the properties and behaviors from the
class, but each object will have different values
for the properties.
Define a Class
●
A class is defined by using the class keyword, followed by the name of the class
and a pair of curly braces ({}). All its properties and methods go inside the braces:
●
Syntax
<?php
class className {
// code goes here...
}
?>
● Note: In a class, variables are called properties and functions are called methods!
Define Objects
●
Classes are nothing without objects! We can create
multiple objects from a class. Each object has all the
properties and methods defined in the class, but they
will have different property values.
●
Objects of a class are created using the new keyword.
●
In the example below, $apple and $banana are
instances of the class Fruit:
<html>
<?php
class Fruit {
// Properties
public $name;
public $color;
// Methods
function set_name($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
function get_name() {
return $this->name;
}
}
$apple = new Fruit();
$banana = new Fruit();
$apple->set_name('Apple');
$banana->set_name('Banana');
echo $apple->get_name();
echo " ";
echo $banana->get_name();
?>
</html>
Database
PHP MySQL Database
Connectivity
● With PHP, you can connect to and manipulate databases.
● MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP.
●
In order to store or access the data inside a MySQL database, you first need
to connect to the MySQL database server.
●
PHP offers two different ways to connect to MySQL server:
●
MySQLi (Improved MySQL) and PDO (PHP Data Objects) extensions.
●
While the PDO extension is more portable and supports more than twelve
different databases, MySQLi extension as he name suggests supports
MySQL database only.
●
MySQLi extension however provides an easier way to connect to, and
execute queries on, a MySQL database server.
Connecting to MySQL Database
●
In PHP, you can easily connect to MySQL database
using the mysqli_connect() function.
●
All communication between PHP and the MySQL
database server takes place through this connection.
●
The connection to the MySQL database server will be
closed automatically as soon as the execution of the
script ends.
●
However, if you want to close it earlier, you can do this
by simply calling the PHP mysqli_close() function.
Connecting to MySQL Database
●
Basic Syntax (MySQLi, Procedural way)
$link = mysqli_connect("hostname", "username", "password","database");
●
Basic Syntax (MySQLi, Object Oriented way)$mysqli = new
mysqli("hostname", "username", "password", "database");
●
Basic Syntax (PHP Data Objects way)
$pdo = new
PDO("mysql:host=hostname;dbname=database","username","password"
);
Connecting to MySQL Database
<html>
<?php
echo "Now we are connecting database";
echo" ";
//creating variables: servername, username and password
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
//connection objec creation
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
echo"Connected successfully";
?>
</html>
If fails to connect
<html>
<?php
echo "Now we are connecting database";
echo" ";
//creating variables: servername, username and password
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "p";
//connection objec creation
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
//die if not connected
if(!$conn){
//string ctoncatination with.mysqli_connect_error()
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo"Connected successfully";
?>
</html>
PHP MySQL Create Database
<html>
<?php
echo" ";
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password);
if(!$conn){
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error());
}
else{
echo"Connected successfully";
}
$sql = “CREATE DATABASE texasplustwo”;
?>
</html>
Creating table in the database
<html> //creating a table in db "texasplustwo"
<?php $sql = "CREATE TABLE `TexasStudent` ( `Sno.` INT(11) NOT NULL
AUTO_INCREMENT , `Name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL , `Address`
$servername = "localhost"; VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL , `Grade` INT(11) NOT NULL , PRIMARY
$username = "root"; KEY (`Sno.`)) ";
$password = ""; $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
//cheacking if the table is created successfully
$database ="texasplustwo";
if ($result ){
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,
$database); echo "The table is created successfully ";
//die if not connected }
if(!$conn){ else{

die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error()); echo "The table was not created because of this
erroe :".mysqli_error($conn);
}
}
else{
echo"Connected successfully"; ?>
} </html>
Before
After
Inserting data into MySql
$sql ="INSERT INTO `TexasStudent` (`Sno.`, `Name`,
<?php `Address`, `Grade`) VALUES ('2', 'harry', 'Kathmandu',
$servername = "localhost"; '12')";

$username = "root"; $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

//cheacking if the table is created successfully
$password = "";
if ($result ){
$database ="texasplustwo";
echo "Data is inserted successfully ";
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username,
}
$password,$database);
else{
if(!$conn){
echo "Data is not inserted because of the
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error()); error :".mysqli_error($conn);
} }
else{ ?>
echo"Connected successfully"; </html>
}
Before
After
Fetching records from MySql
<html>
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database ="texasplustwo";
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,$database);
if(!$conn){
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error());
}
else{
echo"Connected successfully ";
}
$sql ="SELECT * FROM `TexasStudent` ";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
//records returned
echo mysqli_num_rows($result);
?>
</html>
Display the rows returned by the sql
query
$sql ="SELECT * FROM `TexasStudent` ";
<?php $result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
$servername = "localhost"; //records returned
$num = mysqli_num_rows($result);
$username = "root";
echo $num;
$password = "";
echo " ";
$database ="texasplustwo"; //Display the rows returned by the sql query
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, if($num>0){
$password,$database); $row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result); //fetch record one by one
if(!$conn){ until all the data are fetched
echo var_dump($row);
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error());
echo " ";
} }
else{ ?>
echo"Connected successfully ";
}
Displaying the queries in table
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "";
$database ="texasplustwo";
$conn=mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,$database);
if(!$conn){
die("Unable to connect".mysqli_connect_error());
}
else{
echo"Connected successfully ";
}
$sql ="SELECT * FROM `TexasStudent` ";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);
//records returned
echo mysqli_num_rows($result);
echo " ";
echo "<table border = '1'>";// Creating a table
echo "<tr><td>Name</td><td>Address</td><td>Grade</td></tr>"; // defining the table data as
similarly as it is in database
while($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result))// fetching the content of table until all the contents
are fetched
{
echo "<tr><td>{$row['Name']}</td><td>{$row ['Address']}</td><td>{$row
['Grade']}</td></tr>"; //Dsiplaying the contents of data
}
echo "</table>";
?>