Reinforced Concrete Design

Module 2. Structural Loading and Computation of

Design Parameters from the Structural Frames
Lesson 1: Design Loads
Lesson 2: Reference Code of Practice NSCP 2015
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Introduction to Loads

The most important and most critical task of an engineer is the determination of the loads that
can be applied to a structure during its life, and the worst possible combination of these loads
that might occur simultaneously.
Dead Loads
➢ Loads of constant magnitude that remain in one position. Includes the weight of the
structure under consideration as well as any fixtures that are permanently attached to it.
➢ For a reinforced concrete building, some dead loads are the frames, walls, floors, ceilings,
stairways, roofs, and plumbing.
➢ To design a structure, it is necessary for the weights or dead loads of the various parts to be
estimated for use in the analysis.
➢ The exact sizes and weights of the parts are not known until the structural analysis is made
and the members of the structure are selected.
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Introduction to Loads

Live Loads
➢ Loads that may change in magnitude and position.
They include occupancy loads, warehouse materials,
construction loads, overhead service cranes,
equipment operating loads, and many others.
➢ In general, they are induced by gravity.
➢ Live loads that move under their own power are called
moving loads.
➢ Other live loads are those caused by wind, rain,
earthquakes, soils, and temperature changes.
➢ Wind and earthquake loads are called lateral loads.
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Introduction to Loads

Arrangement of Live Load Environmental Loads

Live loads may be applied only to the floor ➢ Environmental loads are loads caused
or roof under consideration, and the far by the environment in which the
ends of columns built integrally with the structure is located.
structure may be considered fixed. ➢ For buildings, they are caused by rain,
It is permitted by the code to· assume the snow, wind, temperature change, and
following arrangement of live loads: earthquake.
(a) Factored dead load on all spans with full ➢ These are also live loads, but they are
factored live load on two adjacent the result of the environment in which
spans, the structure is located.
(b) Factored dead load on all spans with full • Snow and Ice Rain
factored live load on alternate spans. • Wind Seismic Loads
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Introduction to Loads

Lateral Loads

➢ Earthquake load is determined by calculating

lumped mass at floor level and horizontal base
shear.
➢ Wind load is obtained by design wind speed
and design wind pressure.
➢ Earthquake load being the pre-dominant one
between the two lateral loads, hence its effect
can only be considered.
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Introduction to Loads

Lateral Loads
➢ For the analysis of earthquake load,
following methods is generally
carried out:
1. Seismic Coefficient method
(Static) / Static Lateral Force
Procedure
2. Response Spectrum method
(Dynamic)
➢ For your project we may use
seismic coefficient method (linear
static method).
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Loading Pattern

The loading is applied to the slab

elements directly. The uniformly
distributed dead and live load acting on
the slab are transferred to the beams
holding the slab. The slab load is
distributed on the floor beams as shown
in figure. The smaller beam holds the
triangular load and the longer beams
hold the trapezoidal load as shown in
figure. The beam element also resists the
self-weight and the wall load including all
the finish loads on wall such as external
and internal plaster.
 Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Loading Pattern

Ex. Dead Load Computation based on table 204-2 (NSCP 2015)

For load computation, click

this link and watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=RBi_JHOraYs
Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Earthquake Load Computation
Lesson 4: Design Loads
❑ Earthquake Load Computation
 Lesson 5: Reference Code of Practice
❑ NSCP 2015

Chapter 2. Minimum Design Loads

Section 204. Dead Loads p. 2-12
Table 204-1 Minimum Densities for Design Loads from Materials
Table 204-2 Minimum Design Dead Loads
Section 205. Live Loads p. 2-15
Table 205-1 Minimum Uniform and Concentrated Live Loads
Table 205-2 Special Loads
Section 205.4. Roof Live Loads p. 2-19
Table 205-3 Minimum Roof Live Loads
Section 207. Wind Load p. 2-23
 Lesson 5: Reference Code of Practice
❑ NSCP 2015

Chapter 2. Minimum Design Loads

Section 208. Earthquake Load p. 2-184
Table 208-1 Seismic Importance Factor Table 208-9 Vertical Structural Irregularities
Table 208-2 Soil Profile Type Table 208-10 Horizontal Structural Irregularities
Table 208-3 Seismic Zone Factor Z Table 208-11A Earthquake Force Resisting
Table 208-4 Seismic Source Types Structural System of Concrete
Table 208-5 Near Source Factor Na Figure 208-1 Referenced Seismic Map of the
Table 208-6 Near Source Factor Nv Philippines
Table 208-7 Seismic Coefficient Ca
Table 208-8 Seismic Coefficient Cv
 Lesson 5: Reference Code of Practice
❑ NSCP 2015

The forces (e.g., axial force, moment, and

shear) produced by various combinations
of loads need to combined in a proper
manner and increased by a load factor in
order to provide a level of safety or safety
factor.

Combined loads represent the minimum

strength for which members need to be
designed, also referred to as required
factored strength.