Scribd
Upload
23 views

Basic Concept-Part 3

Stoichiometry provides the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate the amounts of reactants needed or products formed. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely used up first and limits the amount of product that can be formed. Any excess reactant remaining uneaten at the end is the excess reagent. Stoichiometric calculations use mole ratios from balanced equations to determine amounts in grams, liters, or moles of products and any excess reactant.

Uploaded by

Shriya Ramesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Basic Concept-Part 3

Stoichiometry provides the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate the amounts of reactants needed or products formed. The limiting reagent is the reactant that is completely used up first and limits the amount of product that can be formed. Any excess reactant remaining uneaten at the end is the excess reagent. Stoichiometric calculations use mole ratios from balanced equations to determine amounts in grams, liters, or moles of products and any excess reactant.

Uploaded by

Shriya Ramesh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Stoichiometry

PART 3
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry gives the numerical relationship between
chemical quantities in a balanced chemical equation

By applying the concept of stoichiometry, we can calculate the


amount of reactants required to prepare a specific amount of
a product and vice versa using balanced chemical equation.

C(s) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g)

1 mole of carbon reacts with 1 mole of oxygen molecules to form


1 mole of carbon dioxide.
Stoichiometric Calculations:
Stoichiometric Calculations:
1. How many moles of hydrogen is required to produce 10
moles of ammonia ?

3 mole 2 mole
X mole 10 mole

10 moles of ammonia produces moles of hydrogen

15 moles of hydrogen
2. Calculate the amount of water produced by the combustion of 32
g of methane

1 mole 2 mole
16 g 36 g
32 g xg

32g of methane produces moles of hydrogen

= 72 moles of hydrogen
3. How much volume of carbon dioxide is produced
when 50 g of calcium carbonate is heated completely
under standard conditions?

1 mole 1 mole
100g 22.7L
50 g xL

50g of calcium carbonate produces L of carbon dioxide

= 11.35 L of carbon dioxide


4. How much volume of chlorine is required to form 11.2 L of HCl
at 273 K and 1 atm pressure ?

1 mole 2 mole

22.4 L 44.8 L

xL 11.2 L

11.2L of HCl requIres L of chlorine

= 5.6 L of chlorine
BOOK BACK
40) How many moles of ethane is required to produce 44 g of CO2 (g)
after combustion

2 mole 4 mole
x mole 1 mole

x mole 44 g

44 g of CO2 is produced by moles of ethane

= 0.5 moles of ethane


Limiting reagent and Excess reagent
The stoichiometry concept is useful in predicting the amount of
product formed in a given chemical reaction. If the reaction is carried
out with stoichiometric quantities of reactants, then all the
reactants will be converted into products. On the other hand, when a
reaction is carried out using non-stoichiometric
quantities of the reactants, the product yield will be determined by the
reactant that is completely consumed. It limits the
further reaction from taking place and is called as the limiting reagent.
The other reagents which are in excess are called the
excess reagents
Evaluate Yourself
7) The balanced equation for a reaction is given below
2x+3y  4l + m
When 8 moles of x react with 15 moles of y, then

i) Which is the limiting reagent?


ii) Calculate the amount of products formed.
iii) Calculate the amount of excess reactant left at the end of the
reaction.
Limiting reagent : x
Product formed : 16 moles of l & 4 moles of m
Amount of excess reactant : 3 moles of y
Urea, a commonly used nitrogen based fertilizer, is prepared by the
reaction between ammonia and carbon dioxide as
follows.

In a process, 646 g of ammonia is allowed to react with


1.144 kg of CO2 to form urea.

1) If the entire quantity of all the reactants is not consumed


in the reaction which is the limiting reagent ?

2) Calculate the quantity of urea formed and unreacted


quantity of the excess reagent left at the end of the
reaction?.
HINT

ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS

N 14
C 12
O 16
H 1
COMPOUND MOLAR MASS
NH3 (14 X 1) + (1 X 3) = 14 + 3 = 17g
CO2 (12 X 1) + (16 X 2) = 12 + 32 = 44g
NH2CONH2 (UREA) (14 X 2) + (12 X 1) + (16 X 1) + (1 X 4)
=28 + 12 + 16 + 4 =60g
Content Reactant Products

NH3 CO2 UREA H2O


Stoichiometric coefficient 2 1 1 1
No. of moles allowed to
react =38
- -
=26
No. of moles of reactant
reacted and product formed 38 19 19 19
No. of moles of un-reacted
reactants and the product
formed 0 7 19 19
1. Ammonia is the limiting reagent

2. Quantity of urea formed


= number of moles of urea formed × molar mass of urea
= 19 moles × 60 g/ mol
= 1140 g = 1.14 kg
Excess reagent leftover at the end of the reaction is carbon
dioxide.
Amount of carbon dioxide leftover
= number of moles of CO2 left over × molar mass of CO2
= 7 moles × 44 g/ mol
= 308 g.
Content Reactant Products

Al Fe2O3 Al2O3 Fe
Stoichiometric coefficient 2 1 1 2
No. of moles allowed to
react =12 =7 - -
No. of moles of reactant
reacted and product
formed 12 6 6 12
No. of moles of un-reacted
reactants and the product
formed 0 1 6 12
1.Mass of Al2O3 = 6 x 102 = 612 g
2.Amount of excess reagent left at the end of the
reaction = 1 x 106 = 106g
ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS
Fe 56
Al 27
O 16
COMPOUND MOLAR MASS
Fe2O3 (56 x 2) + (16 x 3) = 112 + 48 = 160g

Al2O3 (27 x 2) + (16 x 3) = 54 + 48 = 102g

You might also like