English
English
English
Message
Sender Receiver
Feedback
1. Pay Attention- give the speaker your undivided attention and acknowledge the message.
2. Show that you’re listening-use your own body language and gestures to show that you are
engaged.
3. Provide feedback-our personal, filters, assumptions, judgements, and beliefs can distort what
we near. As a listener, your role is to understand what is being said. This may require you to
reflect on what is being said and to ask questions.
4. Defer judgement-interrupting is a waste of time. It frustrates the speaker and limits full
understanding of the message.
5. Respond appropriately- active listening is designed to encourage respect and understanding.You
are gaining information and perspective. You add nothing by attacking the speaker or otherwise
putting her down.
Receptive Productive
Listening Writing
Reading Speaking
Oral writing
Listening reading
Speaking reading
1. Be attentive- practice mindfulness by consciously eliminating distractions from your mind and
body.
2. Ask questions – Asking clear questions.
3. Don’t interrupt unnecessarily-use the acronym Wait, Why am I talking? To keep your comments
relative to the speakers thoughts.
4. Use Body Language-being able to understand and interpret body language can help grasps
other people’s unspoken questions, problems or negative feeling.
5. Emphatize-ability to perceive the feelings of other’s, as well to imagine what they’re thingking
or feeling.
6. Takenotes- it provides with a permanent record to refer back to.
1.Define – What is the problem- I have to solve? Why do I need the information? Is it for an Essay, a
report, or a speech?
2.Locate – How do I find the information I need? Use the best resources from a variety of sources
encyclopedias, magazines, videos, internet, people and organizations.
3.Select-Which resources are best to use? Is the information relevant?What can I leave out? Evaluate
the information carefully.
4.Organize-How can I best use my information? You may not need to use all of the information you have
gathered.
5. Present – How can I best present the information? Is my presentation logical and well organized?
6. Assess – How well did I complete the assignment? What did I learn?Is there anything I need to
improve-locating,selecting, notetaking, time management? How can I improve?
INFORMATION SOURCE: is a database of facts or anything that might inform a person about any given
topic.
1. Read the material and identify the main ideas distinguish the main ideas from the details.
2. Write the main ideas in phrase form. The main ideas can be noted in a list, in a topic web, or in
the left column of two column notes.
3. Begin the summary with an introductory statemen.
4. Turn the main ideas into sentences, occasionally including details when it is necessary to convey
the main idea.
5. Combine the sentences into one or more paragraphs.
6. Use transition words to connect the sentences and the paragraphs.
7. Proofread the summary for punctuation, spelling, sentence structure and content.
Linear Texts- Refers to traditional texts that needs to be read from beginning to end.
-the most common type of reading. Novels, poems, short stores, letters, educational texts
are all those we read from beginning to end are linear texts.
NON-LINEAR TEXTS: is the opposite of linear text.It is non-sequential. In other workds, the
readers do not have to go through the text in a sequential manner in order to make sense of
the text. This type of text has many reading paths.Any text that is not read from beginning
to the end. Some examples include flowcharts, charts and graphs, graphical organizers such
as knowledge maps and story maps.