INTERNET

Computers and their structures are tough to approach, and it is made even extra tough while
you want to recognize phrases associated with the difficulty this is already utilized in regular
English, Network, and the net will appear to be absolutely wonderful from one some other,
however, they may seem like identical.
A network is a group of two or more computer systems (Multiple gadgets, additionally called
hosts), which are related through a couple of channels for the motive of sending and receiving
data (records/media) in a shared environment. The community also can consist of serval
gadgets/mediums that resource communique among or extra machines; those gadgets are called
Network devices and consist of routers, switches, hubs, and bridges, amongst others.
Internet is a group of computer systems connected from all around the world. The Internet
protocol suite is a framework defined through the Internet standards. Methods are divided right
into a layered set of protocols on this architecture. The Internet gives a huge variety of
statistics and communique offerings, which includes forums, databases, email, and hypertext. It
is made of the neighborhood to global personal, public networks connected through plenty of
digital, wireless, and networking technologies.

Working of the internet: The internet is a global computer network that connects various
devices and sends a lot of information and media. It uses an Internet Protocol (IP) and
Transport Control Protocol (TCP)-based packet routing network. TCP and IP work together to
ensure that data transmission across the internet is consistent and reliable, regardless of the
device or location. Data is delivered across the internet in the form of messages and packets. A
message is a piece of data delivered over the internet, but before it is sent, it is broken down
into smaller pieces known as packets.

IP is a set of rules that control how data is transmitted from one computer to another via the
internet. The IP system receives further instructions on how the data should be transferred
using a numerical address (IP Address). The TCP is used with IP to ensure that data is
transferred in a secure and reliable manner. This ensures that no packets are lost, that packets
are reassembled in the correct order, and that there is no delay that degrades data quality.

History of Internet

Talking about the history of internet, the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network, later renamed the internet) established a successful link between the University of
California Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on October 29, 1969. Libraries
automate and network catalogs outside of ARPANET in the late 1960s.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) is established in the 1970s,
allowing internet technology to mature. The development of these protocols aided in the
standardization of how data was sent and received via the internet. NSFNET (National Science
Foundation Network), the 56 Kbps backbone of the internet, was financed by the National
Science Foundation in 1986. Because government monies were being used to administer and
maintain it, there were commercial restrictions in place at the time.

In the year 1991, a user-friendly internet interface was developed. Delphi was the first national
commercial online service to offer internet connectivity in July 1992. Later in May 1995, All
restrictions on commercial usage of the internet are lifted. As a result, the internet has been
able to diversify and grow swiftly. Wi-Fi was first introduced in 1997. The year is 1998, and
Windows 98 is released. Smartphone use is widespread in 2007. The 4G network is launched
in 2009. The internet is used by 3 billion people nowadays. By 2030, there are expected to be
7.5 billion internet users and 500 billion devices linked to the internet.

Uses of the Internet:

E-mail: E-mail is an electronic message sent across a network from one computer user to one
or more recipients. It refers to the internet services in which messages are sent from and
received by servers.

Web Chat: Web chat is an application that allows you to send and receive messages in real-
time with others. By using Internet chat software, the user can log on to specific websites and
talk with a variety of other users online. Chat software is interactive software that allows users
to enter comments in one window and receive responses from others who are using the same
software in another window.

World Wide Web: The World Wide Web is the Internet’s most popular information exchange
service. It provides users with access to a large number of documents that are linked together
using hypertext or hyperlinks.

E-commerce: E-commerce refers to electronic business transactions made over the Internet. It
encompasses a wide range of product and service-related online business activities.

Internet telephony: The technique that converts analog speech impulses into digital signals and
routes them through packet-switched networks of the internet is known as internet telephony.
Video conferencing: The term “video conferencing” refers to the use of voice and images to
communicate amongst users.
Web 1.0: The Beginning of the Internet

Web 1.0, which emerged with the invention of the Internet, featured static web pages that
could only be viewed. These early websites were essentially digital brochures, with limited
interactivity and no ability for users to contribute content. This era saw the rise of early
browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape Navigator, which made it easier for users to access the
Web.

Web 2.0: The Era of Social Media and User-Generated Content

Web 2.0, which emerged during the “Internet Boom” era of the late 1990s and early 2000s,
introduced more dynamic web pages and websites, and allowed for user-generated content.
This era saw the rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, as
well as the introduction of blogs, wikis, and other forms of user-generated content.

Web 3.0: The Future of the Internet

Web 3.0, which is still in development, promises to bring a more personalized and intuitive
experience for users. It is expected to be more intelligent and able to understand the context
and intent of the user’s actions. This will be achieved through the integration of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies.
Many experts in the tech industry claimed that Web 3.0 is the next evolution of the internet
that is focused on decentralization, intelligence, and security. It aims to create a more
personalized, intuitive, and inclusive experience for users by leveraging new technologies such
as blockchain and artificial intelligence. The goal of Web 3.0 is to make the internet more
democratic, open-source, and secure.

Advantages of the Internet:

 It is the best source of a wide range of information. There is no better place to conduct
research than the internet.
 Online gaming, talking, browsing, music, movies, dramas, and TV series are quickly
becoming the most popular ways to pass the time.
 Because there are hundreds of thousands of newsgroups and services that keep you
updated with every tick of the clock, the Internet is a source of the most recent news.
 Because of virtual shops where you may buy anything you want and need without leaving
your house, internet shopping is becoming increasingly popular. Recently, virtual shops
have been making a lot of money.
 With the emergence of online businesses, virtual stores, and credit card usage, purchasing
goods without going to the store has never been easier.
Disadvantages of the Internet:
  Spending too much time on the internet is hazardous for the young generation’s physical
and mental health.
 Children who use the internet develop an addiction, which is quite dangerous.
 It is now quite easy to decipher someone’s chat or email messages thanks to the hacking
community.
 With the emergence of online stores, people prefer to order online rather than going to
local stores which results in less social interactions among people.

INTRANET
A private network utilized by a company might be referred to as an intranet. Its main objectives
are to support safe staff communication, information archiving, and teamwork. Employees can
create profiles, submit, like, comment on, and share posts using social intranet features that are
common in contemporary intranets.
What is Intranet?
An intranet is a kind of private network. For example, an intranet is used by different
organizations and only members/staff of that organization have access to this. It is a system in
which multiple computers of an organization (or the computers you want to connect) are
connected through an intranet. As this is a private network, so no one from the outside world can
access this network. So many organizations and companies have their intranet network and only
its members and staff have access to this network. This is also used to protect your data and
provide data security to a particular organization, as it is a private network and does not leak data
to the outside world.
Working of Intranet
An intranet is a network confined to a company, school, or organization that works like the
Internet. Let us understand more about the working of the intranet with the help of a diagram, as
shown below:

Why is
Intranet Important?
Intranets play a crucial role in organizations by providing a centralized platform for seamless
internal communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing, thereby significantly enhancing
productivity, streamlining operations, and fostering a culture of innovation and efficiency. Here
are the reasons that increase its importance:
 Improves internal communication
 Connects employees across locations and time zones
 Boosts recognition and reward
 Simplifies employee onboarding
 Provides organizational clarity
 Encourages knowledge sharing
Features of Intranet
 Document management: The ability to store, organize, and share documents.
 Collaboration tools: The ability to collaborate on projects and tasks.
 News and announcements: The ability to share news and announcements with employees.
 Employee directory: The ability to find contact information for employees.
 Training and development: The ability to provide training and development resources to
employees.
 HR resources: The ability to access HR-related information, such as benefits and policies.
 Support services: The ability to submit support tickets and get help from IT.
Advantages of Intranet
 In the intranet, the cost of conveying data utilizing the intranet is very low.
 Using intranet employees can easily get data anytime and anywhere.
 It is easy to learn and use.
 It can be utilized as a correspondence center point where employees can store data at
whatever point they need and download files in just a few seconds.
 It connects employees with each other.
 The documents stored on the intranet are much more secure.
Disadvantages of Intranet
 The expense of actualizing intranets is normally high.
 The staff of the company or organization require special training to know how to use the
system.
 Data overloading.
 Although the intranet provides good security, but it still lacks in some places.

Uses of Intranet
An intranet software is mainly used by organizations as a tool:
 Intranet share organizational updates.
 Intranets become the center repository where important information. news and company
data are stored. We can store files using intranet.
 Easy to communicate with employees. They create employee directories and organization
charts readily available, improving internal corporate communications. Intranet connect
employees of the organization
 Easy to access information. Using intranet collaborate with teams across borders
 Productivity increase using Intranet.
 Give employees a voice in the organization