MPRASHANT

LINUX
100+ COMMANDS
Get Ready with your Linux
Setup for Practise
MPRASHANT

How to check your current

location?

#pwd

1
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How to display name of current

logged-in user?

#whoami
2
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How to check system date or

time?

#date
#date %D
3
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How to display files and directory

present in current location?

#ls
#ls -lt
4
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How to clear the linux terminal?

#clear

5
Creating
Deleting
Editing.
MPRASHANT

How to display content of a file

on terminal?

#cat <file>

6
MPRASHANT

How to read a file and Search for a

word?

#less <file>

7
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How to view content of a file page

by page?

#more <file>

8
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How to create a file in Linux?

#touch <file_name>

9
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How to delete a file in Linux?

#rm <file_name>

10
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How to edit a file in Linux?

#vi <file_name>
#nano <file_name>
11,12
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How to create a
directory/folder in Linux?

#mkdir <dir_name>

13
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How to delete a
directory/folder in Linux?

#rmdir <dir_name>

14,15 #rm -rf <dir_name>

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How to change path or move

to another folder in Linux?

#cd /path/folder

16 #cd ..
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How to copy and paste a file from

one folder to another in Linux?

#cp <file> /dest/path

17
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How to copy content of a file to

another file in Linux?

#cp fileA fileB

18
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How to cut - paste a file from one

folder to another in Linux?

#mv <file> /dest/path

19
MPRASHANT

How to rename a file in Linux?

#mv fileA fileNewName

19
MPRASHANT

How to read or diplay top 5 lines

from a file in Linux?

#head -5 file

20
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How to read or diplay bottom 5

lines from a file in Linux?

#tail -5 file

21
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How to SORT the content from a

file in Linux?

#sort file
#sort -r file
22
MPRASHANT

How to display UNIQUE content

from a file in Linux?

#sort file | uniq

23
MPRASHANT

A file has 9 lines.

How to split this file in 3 different
files in Linux?

#split -l 3 file
24
MPRASHANT

How to search a word and display

matching content from a file in
Linux?

#grep "word" file

25
MPRASHANT

How to search multiple words and

display matching content from a
file in Linux?

#egrep "word1|word2" file

26
MPRASHANT

How to use WILDCARDS in Linux?

* [] {}

#ls file*
#touch file{1..5}
27
MPRASHANT

How to SHUFFLE content of file in

Linux?

#shuf file

28
MPRASHANT

How to COUNT no. of lines in a

file in Linux?

#wc -l file
29
MPRASHANT

How to check if two files are

identical or not in Linux?

#cmp fileA fileB

30
MPRASHANT

How to compare and display

difference between two files in
Linux?

#diff -u fileA fileB

31
MPRASHANT

How to find a file in Linux?

#find /path/ -name <file>

32
MPRASHANT

How to find a file in Linux?

#updatedb
#locate <file>
33,34
Utility Commands
MPRASHANT

How to display previously used

commands in past?

#history

35
MPRASHANT

How to check syntax and options

available for a command?

#help

36
MPRASHANT

How to read or get mor info about

a command?

#man

37
MPRASHANT

How to check which executable is

using for a command?

#which

38
MPRASHANT

How to use calculator in Linux?

#bc

39
MPRASHANT

How to check CALENDAR of last

year in Linux?

#cal

40
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How to check How Long server

has been running in Linux?

#uptime

41
MPRASHANT

How to record your activity on

termial in a file?

#script

42
MPRASHANT

How to create a short-cut of a

long command in Linux?

#alias l="ls -ltr"

43
Zip and Unzip
of Files and
Folders
MPRASHANT

How to compress a file in Linux?

#gzip -k file

44
MPRASHANT

How to decompress a file in

Linux?

#gzip -d file
#gunzip file
45,46
MPRASHANT

How to compress a folder in

Linux?

#tar -czf myfiles.tar.gz myfiles/

47
MPRASHANT

How to decompress a folder in

Linux?

#tar -xzf myfiles.tar.gz

47
MPRASHANT

How to compress multiple files in

one zipped file in Linux?

#zip myfiles.zip file1 file2

48
MPRASHANT

How to list files in zipped file?

#unzip -l myfiles.zip

48
Downloading
Files from
Internet
MPRASHANT

How to download a file from

internet?
#wget URL_of_file
#wget -O opt_file.txt URL_Of_file

49
MPRASHANT

How to call an API on Linux?

#curl http://numbersapi.com/random

50
MPRASHANT

How to install an application on

Linux?

#apt or yum/dnf

51
MPRASHANT

How to check if an application is

installed or not on Linux?

#rpm -qa | grep app

#dnf list installed
52
MPRASHANT

How to list available packages to

install on Linux?

#apt search <package_name>

#yum/dnf list available
53
MPRASHANT

How to start/stop a service on

Linux?

#systemctl start/stop service_name

54
MPRASHANT

How to list all services on Linux?

#systemctl list-units --type=service --all

55
MPRASHANT

How to list all existing

Environment Variables on Linux?

#printenv

56
MPRASHANT

How to ADD a new Environment

Variables on Linux?

#export JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java_v"
#export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

57
MPRASHANT

How to ADD a new Environment

Variables permanently on Linux?

Add env variable in ./bashrc file

#source ~/.bash_profile

58
MPRASHANT

How to print a specific column

from a CSV file?

#awk -F ,'{print $2}' file.csv

59
MPRASHANT

How to display starting two

characters of all line?

#cut -c1-2 file.txt

60
MPRASHANT

How to display a specific line

from a file?

#sed -n '5p' file.txt

61
MPRASHANT

How to replace a specific word

within a file?

#sed -n 's/from/to/g' file.txt

61
MPRASHANT

How to convert the content to

Uppercase or Lowercase within a
file?
#tr [:lower:] [:upper:] <file.txt
#tr [:punct:] Z <file.txt

62 #tr [:digit:] Z <file.txt

MPRASHANT

How to extend or shrink size of a

file?

#truncate -s 100M file.txt

63
MPRASHANT

How to display following line in

vertical line? ABCDE

#echo "ABCDE" | fold -w1

64
MPRASHANT

How to change user or login as

different user in linux?

#su <user_name>

65
MPRASHANT

How to exit as current user or

close terminal in linux?

#exit

66
MPRASHANT

If you are not root user, how to

execute admin commands like
installing new apps?

#sudo yum install httpd

67
Access
Remote
Servers
MPRASHANT

How to access remote Linux

server?

#ssh user@hostname

68
MPRASHANT

How to copy a file to a remote

Linux server?

#scp file user@hostname:/tmp/

69
Working with Permissions
MPRASHANT

How to check permissions of a

file?
#ls -ltr
rwx rw- r--

user group other

MPRASHANT

How to modify permissions of a

file?
#chmod a+rwx file.txt

u - user, g - group, o - other

70
a - all
MPRASHANT

How to change ownership of a

file?

#chown root file.txt

71
MPRASHANT

How to change group ownership

of a file?

#chgrp paul file.txt

72
Memory Info
MPRASHANT

How to check free RAM space?

#free

73
MPRASHANT

How to check % Memory and CPU

Utilization?

#top

74
MPRASHANT

How to check disk Utilization?

#du

75
MPRASHANT

How to check filesystem available

and disk space allocated?

#df
76
System INFO
MPRASHANT

How to check hostname of your

linux server?

#hostname
77
MPRASHANT

How to check cpu/core/thread

info of your linux server?

#lscpu
78
MPRASHANT

How to check type of architecture

of your linux server?

#arch
79
MPRASHANT

How to see list of storage devices,

disk partition on your linux
server?

#lsblk
80
MPRASHANT

How to see OS name of linux

server?

#uname -a

81
Process Management
MPRASHANT

How to check if a process(java) is

running or not?

#ps -ef | grep java

82
MPRASHANT

How to get PID of a process?

#pgrep chron

83
MPRASHANT

How to stop a process by PID?

#kill -9 PID

84
MPRASHANT

How to stop a process by its

name?

#pkill httpd

85
MPRASHANT

How to see all the active jobs?

#jobs

86
MPRASHANT

How to resume a job in

background?

#bg

87
MPRASHANT

How to resume a job in

foreground?

#fg

88
MPRASHANT

How to run a script in

background?

#nohup ./script >/dev/null &

89
Networking Info
MPRASHANT

How to check IP of your machine?

#ifconfig

90
MPRASHANT

How to check if a server or

website is accesible or not?

#ping www.google.com

91
MPRASHANT

How to check if a IP:PORT is

accessible and open or not?

#telnet IP Port

92
MPRASHANT

How to check if port is open or

not on our server?

#netstat -putan | grep 80

93
MPRASHANT

How to check all hubs in network

path to reach a website?

#traceroute

94
MPRASHANT

How to restart our linux server?

#reboot

95
MPRASHANT

How to shutdown our linux

server?

#shutdown

96
User Creation
MPRASHANT

How to create a new user on our

linux server?

#useradd

97
MPRASHANT

How to change password for the

user?

#passwd

98
MPRASHANT

How to create a new group on our

linux server?

#groupadd

99
MPRASHANT

How to check UserID or GroupID

of a user?

#id user

100
 MPRASHANT

How to delete a user or group?

#userdel <user>
#groupdel <group>

101,2
 MPRASHANT

How to schedule a script to run on

a particular date/time?

#at
#crontab
103,4
MPRASHANT

useradd
groupadd
USER usermod
MANAGEMENT userdel
groupdel
passwd
id
MPRASHANT

ifconfig
ping
NETWORKING netstat
traceroute
telnet
MPRASHANT
sleep
ps
pgrep
PROCESS kill
MANAGEMENT pkill
jobs
bg
fg
nohup
MPRASHANT

hostname

SYSTEM INFO lscpu

arch
lsblk
uname -a
MPRASHANT

top
MEMORY INFO free
du
df
MPRASHANT

su
CHANGE USER sudo
& exit
REMOTE SERVER
ssh
ACCESS
scp
MPRASHANT

chmod
FILE chown
PERMISSIONS
chgrp
MPRASHANT

awk
cut
TEXT sed
PROCESSING tr
truncate
fold
MPRASHANT

printenv
ENV VARIABLES export
source
MPRASHANT

INSTALL & apt or yum/dnf

MANAGE dpkg or rpm
APPLICATIONS systemctl
MPRASHANT

DOWNLOAD wget
FILES curl
MPRASHANT

tar
COMPRESS gzip
DECOMPRESS gunzip
zip
unzip
MPRASHANT

history
cal
help
OTHER USEFUL script
COMMANDS man
uptime
which
alias
bc
MPRASHANT

shuf
wc
FILES & diff
DIRECTORIES cmp
MANAGEMENT
find
locate
MPRASHANT

cd head
cp tail
FILES & mv sort
DIRECTORIES
grep uniq
MANAGEMENT
egrep split
MPRASHANT

cat vi
less nano
FILES &
DIRECTORIES more mkdir
MANAGEMENT touch rmdir
rm
MPRASHANT

pwd
whoami
FIRST TIME
date
ON TERMINAL
ls
clear
Some Useful Utility
Commands
Installing Applications
Environment Variables
String/Text Operations
Working with Permissions
Scripting and
Automating
task
MPRASHANT

at
SCRIPTING &
crontab
AUTOMATION
bash or sh
MPRASHANT

SYSTEM reboot
CONTROL shutdown
MPRASHANT

FIREWALL firewall-cmd --list-all

SETTINGS firewall-cmd --add-port=20201/tcp