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    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Izzah Amani
    This document introduces digital and analog systems. It discusses binary digits, logic levels, and digital waveforms. It explains that digital systems use discrete values represented by binary codes, while analog systems use continuous values. Digital systems have advantages for processing, storage, and transmission of data as they are not affected by noise. However, analog systems can represent signal amplitudes and frequencies more accurately.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Izzah Amani
    54 views11 pages
    This document introduces digital and analog systems. It discusses binary digits, logic levels, and digital waveforms. It explains that digital systems use discrete values represented by binary codes, while analog systems use continuous values. Digital systems have advantages for processing, storage, and transmission of data as they are not affected by noise. However, analog systems can represent signal amplitudes and frequencies more accurately.

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    This document introduces digital and analog systems. It discusses binary digits, logic levels, and digital waveforms. It explains that digital systems use discrete values represented by binary codes, while analog systems use continuous values. Digital systems have advantages for processing, storage, and transmission of data as they are not affected by noise. However, analog systems can represent signal amplitudes and frequencies more accurately.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    54 views11 pages

    Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Izzah Amani
    This document introduces digital and analog systems. It discusses binary digits, logic levels, and digital waveforms. It explains that digital systems use discrete values represented by binary codes, while analog systems use continuous values. Digital systems have advantages for processing, storage, and transmission of data as they are not affected by noise. However, analog systems can represent signal amplitudes and frequencies more accurately.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Chapter 1: Introduction to Digital System

    1. Digital and analogue quantities


    2. Binary digit, Logic level & digital waveform
    3. Advantages and disadvantages of Digital and analogue systems.

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Digital And Analog Quantities
    Analog Quantities
    Continuous values
    Eg: continuously measuring temperature

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Digital And Analog Quantities
    Digital Quantities
    Discrete set of value which can be represented in digital code
    Eg: Measuring temperature for every hour

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Binary digits are the codes/states used to in digital system operations
    There are only two possible states in digital systems, 1(HIGH @ higher voltage) and
    0 (LOW @ lower voltage)
    Positive logic system = HIGH (1) LOW(0)
    Negative logic system = HIGH (0) LOW (1)

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    In digital circuits, the voltage values representing a 1 and a 0 are called logic levels
    which can be:
    Ideally : Fixed value (A=HIGH B= LOW)
    @
    Practically : Range of value (A to B = HIGH D to E = LOW)

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Digital waveform consist of logic levels that changing back and forth between 1 and 0.

    Positive pulse : From LOW to HIGH and then back to LOW


    Negative pulse : From HIGH to LOW and the back to HIGH
    Pulse has leading edge (t0) and trailing edge (t1)

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Ideally pulse changes is assume to be instant without rising and falling delay@time
    Non ideal pulse usually have its rise and fall time when it changes state

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Periodic pulse waveform is one that repeats at a fixed interval called period (T).
    Frequency (f) is the rate of the pulse repeating itself.
    Duty cycle is the ratio of pulse width to the period in a periodic waveform

    Non periodic pulse waveform does not repeat itself and composed of random pulse
    widths/time interval.

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Digital waveform carries binary information that are synchronized with basic timing
    waveform called clock.
    Each bit in a sequence occupied a defined time interval called bit time
    Clock is a periodic waveform with T equal to time for one bit.

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Binary Digit, Logic Level & Digital Waveform
    Timing diagram is a graph of digital waveforms showing the actual time relationship of
    multiple waveforms.

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)


    Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital &
    Analog Systems
    Digital data can be processed and transmitted more efficiently
    Digital data has advantage when storage is necessary, digital data is more compact
    and can be reproduced with greater accuracy and clarity than in analog form.
    Digital system does not affected by noise or unwanted voltage fluctuation

    (STB24403 Digital Electronics)

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