MT

UK
MT

UK
UKMT

United Kingdom
Mathematics Trust

Junior Mathematical Challenge

Solutions 2022
© 2022 UK Mathematics Trust

For reasons of space, these solutions are necessarily brief.

There are more in-depth, extended solutions available on the UKMT website,
which include some exercises for further investigation:
www.ukmt.org.uk

1. E The values of the expressions are A 42; B 204; C 404; D 0; E 440.

So 20 × 22 has the greatest value.
2. A The diagram shows that 5012 is reflected onto 5102.

3. D Let the number first thought of be 𝑥. Adding five gives 𝑥 + 5; multiplying by two then gives
2𝑥 + 10; adding ten now gives 2𝑥 + 20; dividing by two leaves us with 𝑥 + 10, then subtracting
the original number gives 10. Finally, adding three means that the final result is 13, whichever
number is first thought of.
2 3 2 5
4. D The value of 0.6 + is + = = 1.
5 5 5 5
1 111 111
5. C The first and third fractions take integer values: = 1; = = 37.
1 1+1+1 3
Now consider the other three fractions: 11 is odd, so is not divisible by 2; 1111 is also odd and
hence is not divisible by 4 and 11 111 does not have a unit digit of 0 or 5 and therefore is not
divisible by 5. So exactly two of the given fractions take integer values.
6. B The interior angles of a square and of an equilateral triangle are 90° and 60° respectively.
Therefore, as the angles at a point sum to 360°, ∠𝑄𝑈𝑃 = (360 − 90 − 2 × 60)° = 150°.
As square 𝑅𝑆𝑇𝑈 has sides in common with both of the equilateral triangles, 𝑃𝑈𝑇 and 𝑄𝑅𝑈, the
side-lengths of these triangles are equal.
Therefore 𝑄𝑈 = 𝑈𝑃, so triangle 𝑄𝑈𝑃 is isosceles with ∠𝑄𝑃𝑈 = ∠𝑃𝑄𝑈 = (180−150)°÷2 = 15°.
7. D The weight of kiwi fruit which contains approximately the same amount of vitamin C as 1 kg of
oranges is (1000 ÷ 2 12 ) g =(1000 × 52 ) g = 400 g.
8. E Note that 100 ÷ 7 = 14 remainder 2, so a period of 100 days is equal to 14 weeks and 2 days.
Therefore, in 100 days’ time it will be Saturday.
 9. B Let the side length of the large square be 9. Then the possible sizes of squares are 9, 6, 3, 2 and
1. The numbers of each size are, respectively, 1, 4, 9, 4 and 9. So the total number of squares in
the diagram is 1 + 4 + 9 + 4 + 9 = 27.
 
1 1 1 1 1 1 𝑥 7 64 × 7
10. D Let the number be 𝑥. Then × × 𝑥 = + + . Therefore = . So 𝑥 = = 56.
2 4 8 2 4 8 64 8 8
11. E The sum of the ten numbers is 55. For the numbers in the two groups to sum to multiples of 4,
the total of the nine remaining numbers must itself be a multiple of 4. To achieve this, either 3 or
7 could be left out. If 7 were removed then the remaining numbers total 48. These could then be
placed in the required two groups in a number of ways, for example 1, 2, 5 (total 8) and 3, 4, 6, 8,
9, 10 (total 40). Hence the largest number which could be left out is 7.
12. B From the information given, it may be deduced that the weight of one quarter of the paint is
(5.8 − 3.1) kg = 2.7 kg. So the weight of the empty paint pot is (3.1 − 2.7) kg = 0.4 kg.
Hence the weight, in kg, of the full pot of paint is 0.4 + 4 × 2.7 = 0.4 + 10.8 = 11.2.
13. D The inner of the two shaded areas is the difference in area between a square of side 2 cm and a
square of side 1 cm. The outer of the two shaded areas is the difference in area between a square
of side 4 cm and a square of side 3 cm.
So the total shaded area, in cm2 , is 22 − 12 + 42 − 32 = 4 − 1 + 16 − 9 = 10.
The area of the outer square is 25 cm2 .
10
Therefore the percentage of the area of the outer square which is shaded is × 100% = 40%.
25
14. B Since 13 is directly opposite 35 and the children are evenly spread, there are the same number of
children between 13 and 35 going clockwise or anticlockwise. Between 13 and 35, excluding 13
and 35, there are 21 numbers. So between them, in each direction there are 21 children.
Hence the total number of children is 2 × 21 + 2 = 44.
15. E The value of 2 ÷ (4 ÷ (6 ÷ (8 ÷ 10))) is 2 ÷ (4 ÷ (6 × 10 15 2 8
8 )) = 2 ÷ (4 ÷ 2 ) = 2 ÷ (4 × 15 ) = 2 ÷ 15
= 2 × 15 15
8 = 4.
16. C The perimeter of the polygon 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇𝑈𝑉 is equal to the combined perimeters of equilateral
triangles 𝑃𝑄𝑊 and 𝑆𝑇𝑈 minus the perimeter of the overlapping area, namely equilateral triangle
𝑅𝑊𝑉. Therefore the required perimeter, in cm, is 3 × 5 + 3 × 8 − 3 × 2 = 3 × 11 = 33.
17. C After each round of the game, the total number of counters held by the two players increased
by two. As they started with a total of 20 counters and finished with a total of 56 counters, the
number of rounds played was (56 − 20) ÷ 2 = 18.
Let the number of rounds won by Amrita be 𝑛. Then she lost 18 − 𝑛 rounds.
Therefore 10 + (3 × 𝑛) − 1 × (18 − 𝑛) = 40. Hence 10 + 3𝑛 − 18 + 𝑛 = 40, that is 4𝑛 = 48.
So Amrita won 12 rounds of the game.
18. E As the figure is a parallelogram, the sum of the two angles on the left of the figure is 180°.
So 3𝑥 − 40 + 2𝑥 − 30 = 180. Hence 5𝑥 = 250 and therefore 𝑥 = 50. Diagonally opposite angles
in a parallelogram are equal. So 4𝑦 − 50 = 2𝑥 − 30 = 70. Hence 4𝑦 = 120 and therefore 𝑦 = 30.
19. B Let the number of apples and pears at the start of the day be 3𝑛 and 𝑛 respectively.
As I had twice as many pears as apples after eating five apples but no pears, 𝑛 = 2(3𝑛 − 5).
Hence 5𝑛 = 10, so 𝑛 = 2.
Therefore the number of pieces of fruit at the start of the day was 4𝑛 = 4 × 2 = 8.
20. B First note that exactly one of Pam and Quentin is telling the truth. Though it is not possible to
tell who it is, it means that none of Roger, Susan and Terry is telling the truth.
So just one of the five students is telling the truth.
21. C The sum of the numbers in List S is 54 and the corresponding number for List T is 48. Therefore,
for the sum of the numbers in List S to equal the sum of the numbers in List T it is necessary
that the number which Jenny moves from List S to List T is bigger by 3 than the number which
moves from List T to List S. She may achieve this in three ways: by exchanging the 5 in List S
with the 2 in list T; by exchanging 8 and 5 or by exchanging 13 and 10.
22. E When the pyramid is removed from the cube, the solid loses the edges 𝑇𝑈, 𝑈𝑄 and 𝑈𝑉. However,
it also gains the three edges of triangle 𝑇𝑄𝑉. So the remaining solid has the same number of
edges as the original cube, that is 12.
23. D Let the original price of the ticket be £𝑃.
4 400
Then 𝑃 × 1.05 × 0.8 = 𝑃 − 4. So 𝑃 × 0.84 = 𝑃 − 4. Hence 𝑃 = = = 25.
0.16 16
Therefore the original cost of the ticket was £25.
24. A Let 𝑝, 𝑦, 𝑟 and 𝑤 be the numbers of purple, yellow, red and white flowers, respectively.
So 𝑝 : 𝑦 = 1 : 2, and 𝑦 : 𝑟 = 3 : 4 and 𝑟 : 𝑤 = 5 : 6. Now 1 : 2 = 3 : 6 and 3 : 4 = 6 : 8.
Hence 𝑝 : 𝑦 : 𝑟 = 3 : 6 : 8. Similarly, 3 : 6 : 8 = 15 : 30 : 40 and 5 : 6 = 40 : 48.
So 𝑝 : 𝑦 : 𝑟 : 𝑤 = 15 : 30 : 40 : 48. Note that 1 is the only common factor of these numbers and
their total is 133. Hence the total number of flowers must be a multiple of 133 and, being less
than 150, it must be 133.
25. C Let the numbers on the bottom row of the number pyramid be 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒.
The diagram shows the contents of the other cells in terms of those variables.

𝑎+4𝑏+6𝑐+4𝑑 +𝑒
𝑎+3𝑏+3𝑐+𝑑 𝑏+3𝑐+3𝑑 +𝑒
𝑎+2𝑏+𝑐 𝑏+2𝑐+𝑑 𝑐+2𝑑 +𝑒
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑑 𝑑 +𝑒
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑑 𝑒

So 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 + 𝑒 = 17 ... [1]; 𝑏 + 2𝑐 + 𝑑 = 16 ... [2]; and 𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 6𝑐 + 4𝑑 + 𝑒 = 61 ... [3].

[3] - [1] gives 3𝑏 + 5𝑐 + 3𝑑 = 44 ... [4]; [2] × 3 gives 3𝑏 + 6𝑐 + 3𝑑 = 48 ... [5].
Finally, [5] - [4 ] gives 𝑐 = 4. So the central number of the bottom row is 4.