Thelonious S.

McLean-Burrell

Due Date: Aug 2nd, 2023

Assignment: Research Paper

Today many Computer Engineers have learned many different skills that automatically

make them great candidates for many positions such as cyber security, software engineering, and

even game design. Like myself, many computer engineers are taught a variety of skills such as

calculus, C++ programming, and electrical circuit work, which opens many doors as far as a

career path, but as we actively pursue our education, we are getting told that there are many

paths we can take to be successful. Many new computer engineers may not know what path is

best for them. They have challenges that face them as well when transitioning from college to

engineering employment. I know current engineering students who have crossed over from

different engineering disciplines because they feel that their prior engineering discipline was not

for them. For instance, I began my engineering journey as a civil engineer but once I got a feel

for statics and tried to learn how to build safe working structures, I realized that I was bored

there, and it was not for me to pursue any longer. I made the switch over from a civil engineer to

a computer engineer with a minor in computer science and I have loved the change ever since!

The origins of computer engineering can be traced back to the 1940s when the first electronic

computers were developed. The field has evolved significantly since then, driven by Moore's

Law, which predicted the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every two years. This

exponential growth in computing power has led to the development of faster, smaller, and more

efficient devices. Computer engineering covers a wide range of topics, including digital logic,

microprocessors, computer architecture, programming languages, data structures, operating

systems, and communication networks. Understanding these core concepts is essential for
professionals in the field to design and develop innovative solutions. Computer engineering is a

diverse and dynamic field that offers numerous career opportunities, ranging from cybersecurity

to software development and game design. Computer engineers often possess a broad skill set,

including programming, mathematics, and electrical engineering knowledge. However, the sheer

variety of career options can leave many new graduates uncertain about which path to pursue.

This paper explores the challenges faced by computer engineering graduates when transitioning

from college to the engineering workforce and the importance of understanding one's desired

career path to ensure a fulfilling and successful professional journey.

As I entered the world of computer engineers and computer scientists, I quickly learned

that I was not only dealing with coding classes, but I was also dealing with a lot of electrical

engineering classes. I was unaware that I would learn how to build circuits on computer systems

and by hand myself using a protoboard or breadboard. Now that I am getting closer to my end

destination (which is graduation) I am extremely curious about the different routes that I can take

but I do not know which to take as I am sure many other rising computer engineers have no clue

either. This is evident with many computer engineers because Hoda Baythiyeh and Mohamad

Naja state that, “Comments reflected the need for better collaboration between engineering

schools and engineering firms. The results will provide insight for engineering colleges, faculty

members, and administrators into the challenges faced by graduates and their aspirations for a

smoother transition into employment” (Baytiyeh and Naja). The experiment that Baytiyeh and

Naja conducted resulted in an outcome where many new graduating engineers have no clue what

they have in store when transitioning from college to the engineering workforce.

Some individuals may start their engineering journey in one discipline but later realize it

is not the right fit for them. This highlights the importance of self-awareness and exploring
interests early in one's academic journey. Computer engineers often encounter a blend of coding

and electrical engineering courses during their studies. Navigating this diverse curriculum can be

challenging, but it also prepares them for various roles in the industry. This diverse skill set

opens various career paths and job opportunities, making computer engineers highly sought-after

candidates in multiple industries. An author from UC Riverside also agrees with this statement

when they make the statement, “As a Computer Engineer, you will be involved in designing

computer hardware and software systems. And your services will be in demand because of your

expertise in integrating hardware and software systems” (“Computer Engineering”).

The author of UC Riverside also lists the places of employment where computer

engineers have an opportunity to work. Their list included, “Electrical and electronics industries,

Telecommunications, Aerospace industry, Engineering firms: Research and development,

Entertainment industry, Transportation industry, Universities and colleges, Local/state/federal

governmental agencies, Research institutions, Consulting businesses, and the Defense industry”

(“Computer Engineering”).

Computer engineering is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that encompasses a wide

range of specialties, including software development, hardware design, artificial intelligence,

cybersecurity, and more. The demand for skilled computer engineers has been steadily increasing

over the years, leading to a growing interest in understanding the determinants of their pay.

Computer engineering roles often require specialized knowledge and skills typically acquired

through formal education and experience. Proficiency in specific programming languages,

software tools, and hardware platforms can significantly impact a computer engineer's pay. In-

demand skills, such as Python, Java, C++, cloud computing, and data science, are often rewarded

with higher compensation. For example, Software engineering is a very lucrative path for
computer engineers. The bls.gov states that “software developers create computer applications

that allow users to do specific tasks and the underlying systems that run the devices or control

networks” (Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers: Occupational

Outlook Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). The bls.gov reports that “the median wage

for software developers was $120,730 in May 2021. The median wage is the wage at which half

the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount, and half earned less. The lowest 10

percent earned less than $64,470, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $168,570”

(Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers: Occupational Outlook

Handbook: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). As bls.gov stated software developers made on

average $120,730 back in the year 2021. Software engineering would be a great career choice for

any graduate of computer engineering.

In this digital era, the reliance on technology has brought an increased

vulnerability to cyber threats. Cyber security is important because Cybersecurity experts play a

critical role in safeguarding computer systems, networks, and data from cyber threats and

attacks. They devise security measures, perform vulnerability assessments, and develop incident

response plans. Myriam Cavelty author of Handbook of Security Studies: Cyber-Security states

that “Cyber-security is concerned with making this ‘bioelectric environment’ safe. It refers to a

set of activities and measures, technical and non-technical, intended to protect the ‘real

geography’ of cyberspace but also devices, software, and the information or data they contain

and communicate, from all possible threats. Threats that could potentially damage information

are categorized as ‘failures’, ‘accidents’ and ‘attacks’ in information security, even though these

categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive or always easily distinguishable” (Cavelty).

Cyber security is a very important field and a great option for computer engineers to take as a
career path. Not only are they able to earn great pay but you will have a direct impact on

protecting your nation from potential cyber-attacks or online identity theft. Cavelty also states

that “system intrusion can be seen as the main goal of attacks and are also to be considered the

most ‘dangerous’ occurrence; in comparison, denial-of-service attacks, which gain a lot of

publicity in the media, are relatively harmless in terms of effect. If the intruder gains full system

control, or ‘root’ access, unrestricted access to the system's inner workings is granted” (Cavelty).

Cyber security personnel play a direct role in protecting all our information, so since we are in

the age of technology, every company will need computer engineers who know about protecting

complicated systems.

Cybersecurity professionals have become indispensable in fortifying digital

environments with the constant evolution of cyber threats. The demand for cybersecurity

professionals has risen significantly due to the escalating frequency and complexity of cyber

threats. The increasing frequency of cyber-attacks and the resultant financial losses have

heightened the demand for cybersecurity talent, driving up salaries in the industry. Different

cybersecurity roles have varying levels of responsibility and corresponding salary scales. Paul

Bingham states that the median base salary for cyber security jobs is $100,000. He makes the

statement “In fact, the median base salary of a cybersecurity professional in the U.S. is about

$100, 000 per year” (Western Governors University). Different Cyber security roles earn

different salaries. For example, if a computer engineer wanted to become a Cyber security

engineer, they could make anywhere from $120,000 to $130,000 annually. Bringham states that

“With an average annual salary ranging from $120,000 to $133,000, cybersecurity engineers

create and manage hardware, software, and security policies to protect systems, networks, and

data. Cyber engineers incorporate electrical engineering and computer science to understand
cyberspace” (Western Governors University). Computer engineers can have a very fruitful career

if they choose the Cyber security pathway. Cybersecurity pay is heavily influenced by several

interconnected factors, including experience, education, certifications, job roles, and

geographical location. Cybersecurity jobs offer exciting career opportunities in a fast-paced and

ever-changing landscape. Lastly, Brigham also writes, “Cybersecurity is a field where

individuals can apply specialized skills to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities, conduct

maintenance on various computer systems, and lead response efforts for cyber-attacks. While

employers look for workers with the knowledge and abilities to carry out the responsibilities

assigned to cybersecurity professionals, it’s important to remember that different factors

contribute to job environments, assigned tasks, and salaries in the industry” (Western Governors

University). As organizations recognize the critical importance of cybersecurity, professionals

with the right skills and qualifications are in high demand. Emphasizing continuous learning,

diversity, and adaptability, cybersecurity professionals can make significant contributions to

safeguarding the digital world.

The convergence of technology and entertainment has led to an increasing demand for

skilled professionals who can bridge the gap between computer engineering and game design.

The gaming industry has evolved significantly over the years, fueled by advancements in

technology and the creativity of game designers. Computer engineers possess a set of technical

skills that can be invaluable in the game development process. James Tobin states that “Video

game designers combine creativity with technical skill. Their duties include: developing game

ideas, creating characters and storylines, creating gameplay scenarios, and building and testing

game prototypes” (Tobin). Computer engineers entering the field of game design can leverage

their technical skills to shape innovative and captivating interactive experiences. By embracing
creativity, collaborating effectively, and staying updated with evolving technologies, computer

engineers can carve a fulfilling and promising career path in the dynamic and ever-expanding

world of game design. The author of “9 Interesting Facts About Video Game Design You Didn’t

Know” states that the average salary for a video game designer is $85,000. They state that “The

average salary for a video game designer varies depending on several factors, including

experience, location, and company size. According to Glassdoor, the average salary for a video

game designer in the United States is around $85,000 per year” (“9 Interesting Facts About

Video Game Design You Didn’t Know | Online Programs”).

Computer engineering remains a highly sought-after profession, and its practitioners are

rewarded with competitive pay due to their critical role in shaping the future of technology. The

factors influencing computer engineering pay are diverse, ranging from technical skills to

industry demands and geographic location. As technology continues to advance, computer

engineers can expect evolving trends that may impact their compensation. Continuous learning,

staying updated on industry developments, and acquiring relevant certifications are essential

strategies for maximizing earning potential in this dynamic field. Computer engineering offers an

array of rewarding career paths, but the choices can be overwhelming for new graduates. By

understanding their aspirations and exploring different specializations, computer engineers can

make informed decisions about their careers. Collaboration between educational institutions and

engineering firms can further enhance career guidance and prepare graduates for a smoother

transition into employment. Embracing personal development and continuous learning will help

computer engineers thrive in this ever-changing and exciting field.

“9 Interesting Facts About Video Game Design You Didn’t Know | Online Programs.”

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Berg, Kristi, et al. “Issues in Informative Systems.” Unbreakable: A Concise Overview of

CyberSecurity, vol. 17, no. IV, 2016, pp. 208–21.

Cavelty, Myriam. “Handbook of New Security Studies: Cyber-Security.” Google Books, edited

by J. Peter Burgess, books.google.com/books?

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“Computer Engineering.” Career Center, careers.ucr.edu/resources/career-planning/careers-in-

your-major/computer-engineering.

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51–5641. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-5641.

Roy, Ashmita. “Contractor Vs. Full-time Employment — Which Is Better for Software

Engineers?” Interview Prep, 27 Apr. 2021, www.interviewkickstart.com/blog/contract-

vs-full-time-software-engineer-jobs.
Software Developers, Quality Assurance Analysts, and Testers : Occupational Outlook

Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 6 Feb. 2023, www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-

and-information-technology/software-developers.htm.

Tobin, James. “Career Path and Salary for Video Game Designers | ComputerScience.org.”

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high-can-you-climb1806.html.