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    U-3 String Handling Functions& U-4 Structures in C

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    sivapc3105
    This document discusses string handling functions in C including strlwr(), strupr(), and strcmp(). Strlwr() is used to convert all uppercase letters in a string to lowercase. Strupr() converts all lowercase letters to uppercase. Strcmp() compares two strings character by character and returns 0 if they are identical or a positive/negative number if the first mismatched character in the first string is greater than or less than the character in the second string. The document also covers defining, declaring, initializing, and accessing members of structures in C. A structure allows grouping of different data types under a single name. It defines the format for a user-defined data type.

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    U-3 String Handling Functions& U-4 Structures in C

    Uploaded by

    sivapc3105
    8 views25 pages
    This document discusses string handling functions in C including strlwr(), strupr(), and strcmp(). Strlwr() is used to convert all uppercase letters in a string to lowercase. Strupr() converts all lowercase letters to uppercase. Strcmp() compares two strings character by character and returns 0 if they are identical or a positive/negative number if the first mismatched character in the first string is greater than or less than the character in the second string. The document also covers defining, declaring, initializing, and accessing members of structures in C. A structure allows grouping of different data types under a single name. It defines the format for a user-defined data type.

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    u-3 string handling functions& U-4 structures in c

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    This document discusses string handling functions in C including strlwr(), strupr(), and strcmp(). Strlwr() is used to convert all uppercase letters in a string to lowercase. Strupr() converts all lowercase letters to uppercase. Strcmp() compares two strings character by character and returns 0 if they are identical or a positive/negative number if the first mismatched character in the first string is greater than or less than the character in the second string. The document also covers defining, declaring, initializing, and accessing members of structures in C. A structure allows grouping of different data types under a single name. It defines the format for a user-defined data type.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    8 views25 pages

    U-3 String Handling Functions& U-4 Structures in C

    Uploaded by

    sivapc3105
    This document discusses string handling functions in C including strlwr(), strupr(), and strcmp(). Strlwr() is used to convert all uppercase letters in a string to lowercase. Strupr() converts all lowercase letters to uppercase. Strcmp() compares two strings character by character and returns 0 if they are identical or a positive/negative number if the first mismatched character in the first string is greater than or less than the character in the second string. The document also covers defining, declaring, initializing, and accessing members of structures in C. A structure allows grouping of different data types under a single name. It defines the format for a user-defined data type.

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    U-3

    String Handling Functions

    Presented by
    R.Leela Jyothi
    strlwr():
     It is used to convert all upper case letter
    in string to lower case .
     Syntax:
    strlwr( string);
    Program:
     #include<stdio.h>
     #include<string.h>
     int main()
     {
     char str[20];
     printf("Enter string:\n");
     gets(str);
     strlwr(str);
     printf("String in lowercase is:");
     puts(str);
     return 0;
     }
    Output:
     Enter string:
    WELCOME TO C LAB
    String in lowercase is: welcome to c lab
    strupr():
     It is used to convert all lower case letter
    in string to upper case.
     Syntax
    strupr( string);
    Program:
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    int main()
    {
    char str[20];
    printf("Enter string:\n");
    gets(str);
    strupr(str);
    printf("String in uppercase is:");
    puts(str);
    return 0;
    }
    Output:
    Enter string:
    welcome to c lab
    String in uppercase is:WELCOME TO C
    LAB
    strcmp():
     This function is used to compare the string
    arguments.
     It compares both the strings character by
    character. It starts comparing the very first
    character of strings until the characters of
    both strings are equal or NULL character
    is found.
     If the first character of both strings are
    equal, it checks second character and so
    on. This process will be continued until
    NULL character is found or both
    characters are unequal.
    Syntax

    integer_variable = strcmp( string1,


    string2);
    Program:
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    int main()
    {
    char str1[40], str2[40];
    int d;
    printf("Enter first string:\n");
    gets(str1);
    printf("Enter second string:\n");
    gets(str2);
     d = strcmp(str1, str2);
     if(d==0)
     {
     printf("Given strings are same.");
     }
     else
     {
     printf("Given strings are different.");
     }
     return 0;
     }
    Output:
     Enter first string: Welcome to C↲ Enter
    second String: Welcome to C↲
     Given strings are same.
     Enter first string: Welcome↲ Enter
     second String: Welcome to C↲
     Given strings are different
    U-4
    Structures
    Structures in C
     It is a collection of variables of different
    datatypes which are logically grouped
    and are referred under a single name .
     It is a user defined datatype.
    How to implement Structures
     Define a structure.
     Declare structure variables.
     Initialize members of structures.
     Accessing members of structures.
    Define a Structure:
    Syntax:
    struct struct-name
    { // Member1
    DataType1 MemberName1;
    // Member2
    DataType2 MemberName2;
    // Member N
    DatatypeN MemberNameN;
    };
    Eg
     If we have to define a structure for a
    student, then its related information
    would be roll_number, name,
    percentage.
     struct student
    {
    int rno;
    char name[10];
    float percentage;
    };
    Declare structure variables
     Syntax:
    struct <struct-name> variable name;
     Eg: struct student stud1;
     It is done in 2 ways:
    1. In structure declaration.
    2. Using the structure tag.
    In structure declaration
    struct student
    {
    int rno;
    char name;
    float percentage;
    } stud1;

    variable of student type.


    Using the structure tag:
    struct student
    {
    int rno;
    char name;
    float percentage;
    };
    struct student stud1;
    Initializing members of structure
     Syntax:
    struct structure-name structure-
    variable={ value1,value2,…..value N};
     C does not allow the initialization of
    individual structure members within
    the structure definition.
    Eg:
     struct student
    {
    int rno;
    char name;
    float percentage;
    };
    struct student stud1={8,
    ”Gowtham”,70.2};
    Accessing data members
     Syntax:
    structure-variable.member-name;
     To access members of structure, we use
    dot(.) symbol.
     Eg:
    stud1. rno;
    stud1.name;
    stud1.percentage;
    Example program
    #include<stdio.h>
    struct student
    {
    int rno;
    char name;
    float percentage;
    };
    Contin..
    void main()
    {
    struct student stud1;
    printf(“enter student details”);
    scanf(“%d%s%f”,
    &stud1.rollno,stud1.name,
    &stud1.percentage);
    printf(“student details”);
    printf(“\t %d \t %s\t
    %f”,stud1.rollno,stud1.name,stud1.percentage);
    }

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