10

Electronics
Quarter II – Module 3, Lesson 2:
Digital Electronic Circuits
Electronics– Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Rosemarie M. Guino EdD,OIC – Chief, CLMD
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 1 of 18

For the learner:

Welcome to the Electronics 10 Self – Learning Module 3, Lesson 2 on Digital

Electronic Circuit: Logic Gates!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and skills
of the topic. You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the
module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key module.

Reflect This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners

are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they have
understood) and the parts that were weak (they
have difficulty) and write about it briefly.
Learners can share their thoughts and feeling
about the lessons.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 2 of 18

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

Explore

Introduction:
Digital electronic is a field of electronics involving the study of digital
signal and the engineering of devices that use or produce them. The digital

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 3 of 18

electronic circuits are usually made from large assemblies of logic gates, often
packaged in integrated circuits. Complex devices may have simple electronic
representations of Boolean logic functions.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Learn the different types of logic gates;
2. Discuss the logic gates;
3. Understand how to use logic gates.

Learn

Review:
Direction: Identify the decimal conversion of the following binary numbers

1. 10001 = ______________
2. 00101 = ______________
3. 10100 = ______________

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 4 of 18

 4. 01010 = ______________
5. 01011 = ______________

Activity:
Direction: Answer logically the figures below and write the letter of your choice.

a. b.
1.

c. d
?

a c
2.

? b d

3. a c

? b b
d

4. a c
?
b b
d b

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 5 of 18

Logic Gates
Logic Gates are building blocks of a digital circuit. Digital logic gates can have more
than one input and generally only have one output. Logic gates are named as AND
gate, OR gate, NOT gate etc. The 0 represents as False and the 1 represents as
True. Logic gates are commonly used in Integrated Circuits (IC).

Notes to the Teacher

Hi! This module will enlighten the students to have an idea of digital
circuits and understand the concept of logic gates.

TRUTH TABLES
• Truth tables help understand the behaviour of logic gates.
• They show how the input(s) of a logic gate relate to its output(s).
• The gate input(s) are shown in the left column(s) of the table with all the
different possible input combinations. This is normally done by making the
inputs count up in binary.
• The gate output(s) are shown in the right hand side column.

Truth Table Diagram

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 6 of 18

Drawing Truth Tables for Combined Gates
Truth tables can also help understand the behaviour of combinations of logic gates
linked together.
• They are drawn in the same way as before but this time adding more columns
in between the input and output columns.
• Each of the new columns shows the outputs of stages in the logic circuit.

Logic gates
Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. These gates
are the AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, EXOR and EXNOR gates. The basic operations
are described below with the aid of truth tables.

AND gate
The AND gate gives a high output (1) only of all its inputs are high. A dot (.) is used
to show the AND operation, it may also be omitted.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table for 2 input AND Gate

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

A ● B = Y or AB = Y

OR gate
The AND gate gives a high output (1) if one or more of its inputs are high. A plus (+)
is used to show the OR operation.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table for 2 input OR Gate

A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

A+B=Y

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 7 of 18

NOT gate
The NOT gate produces and inverted version of the input and its output.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table

A A’
0 1
1 0

A=A

NAND Gate
This is a NOT-AND gate which is equal to an AND gate followed by a NOT
gate. The outputs of all NAND gates are high if any of the inputs are low. The symbol
is an AND gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents
inversion.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table

NOR Gate
This is a NOT-OR gate which is equal to an OR gate followed by a NOT
gate. The outputs of all NOR gates are low if any of the inputs are high. The symbol
is an OR gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 8 of 18

EXOR Gate

The 'Exclusive-OR' gate is a circuit which will give a high output if either,
but not both, of its two inputs are high. An encircled plus sign is used to show
the EOR operation.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table

EXNOR Gate

The 'Exclusive-NOR' gate circuit does the opposite to the EOR gate. It will give
a low output if either, but not both, of its two inputs are high. The symbol is an
EXOR gate with a small circle on the output. The small circle represents inversion.

Schematic Symbol Truth Table

Example:

Below is an example of 2 input combined logic gates, now let us find the output
function for this circuit.

Truth Table Schematic Diagram

A B st Q
1 AND
0 0
0 1 OR
1st NOT
1 0
2ndAND
1 1
2nd NOT

• First draw a 2 input truth table.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 9 of 18

 • Second let us identify the different logic gate used in the circuit. We have 2
AND gate, 2 NOT gate, and 1 OR gate.
• Third let us find the output function for the 1st combination in the truth table
A=0 and B=0.
• Input A & B goes to the 1st AND gate then have an output of 0
• Input A goes to 1st NOT gate and becomes 1; input B goes to 2nd NOT gate and
becomes 1 then the inverted A & B goes to 2nd AND gate and have an output
of 1
• The output of 1st and 2nd AND gate goes to OR gate and then will have an
output function of 1.
• Then the output function for Input A=0 and B=0 for this circuit is 1.
• Write the output on the truth Table.

A B Q
st
1 AND
0 0 1
0 1 0
OR
1 0 0
1 1 2ndAND1

• Repeat same process on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Input.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 10 of 18

 Engage

Every digital circuit uses logic gates such us computers, cellphone or a tablet. The
main processor are interconnected logic gates.

Practical application of logic gate, a three-way light switch. The light can be turned
ON upon entering the house or it can also be at the end of the hallway. Either of the
two gives you more than one choice is essentially an OR gate.

Now that we know how the logic gates work, identify the missing value of each logic
gates and find the output function for item number 5 using truth table.

1
1.) ?
0

0
?
2.) 1

1
3.) 1
?

4.) 0
?
1

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 11 of 18

5.) A B C Q
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Apply

You have a clear concept on the logic gates. You also know that when the value is
zero (0) it means off, false or low while one (1) is on, true or high. Let us figure out
the following situation and what logic gate should we use:

Situation # 1:
Due to this pandemic when we go to buy grocery we need to bring with us Quarantine
Pass (QP) and QR code in order for us to enter the grocery. Express this situation
using logic gates.

Situation # 2:
Liza’s mother would like to purchase her a cellphone for online class. When she
inquired about it, the first one was expensive but got good reviews, the second have
fewer features, but within their budget. Express this situation using logic gates.

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 12 of 18

 Assess

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The output of an AND gate with three inputs, A, B and C, is HIGH when
__________________
a. A = 0, B = 0, C = 0
b. A = 1, B = 1, C = 0
c. A = 1, B = 0, C = 1
d. A = 1, B = 1, C = 1

2. Which of the following logical operation is represented by the + sign?

a. Inversion
b. Complement
c. OR
d. AND

3. The output will be LOW for any case when one or more inputs are zero for:
a. NOT gate
b. AND gate
c. OR gate
d. Inverter

4. The output of an OR gate with three inputs, A, B and C, is LOW when

______________
a. A = 0, B = 0, C = 0
b. A = 1, B = 1, C = 0
c. A = 1, B = 0, C = 1
d. A = 1, B = 1, C = 1

5. If a three-input AND gate has eight input possibilities, how many of those
possibilities will result in a HIGH output?
a. 8
b. 7
c. 6
d. 1

6. The output of a NOT gate is HIGH when _____________

a. The input is HIGH
b. The input is LOW
c. No power is applied from the IC
d. Power is applied to the IC

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 13 of 18

 7. If a two-input OR gate has four input possibilities, how many of those
possibilities will result in a HIGH output?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

What will be the output for this logic gates?

C
A
B Y
D

8. A = 0, B = 1 & D = 1?
a. Y = 0
b. Y = 1

9. A = 1, B = 1 & D = 1?
a. Y = 0
b. Y = 1

10. A = 0, B = 0& D = 1?
a. Y = 0
b. Y = 1

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 14 of 18

 Reflect

Do you think that logic gates are the foundation knowledge about computers?

References

Jaeger, Richard C., 1997. “Microelectronic Circuit Design”, McGraw Hill 1997, ISBN
0-07-032482-4. Pp. 226-233
Tinder, Richard F, 2000, “Engineering digital design”: Revised Second edition pp.
317-319, ISBN 0-12-691295-5

Q2_STE_Electronics_ Module3_Lesson2 Page 15 of 18

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

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