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Computer Science Class Notes

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems, including their design, development, analysis, implementation, and application. Key concepts include algorithms, data structures, programming, computer architecture, software engineering, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, computer networks, and databases. Programming paradigms include imperative, declarative, procedural, object-oriented, functional, event-driven, and parallel/concurrent programming. The software development life cycle involves planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Computer scientists must consider ethical and social implications of their work.

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67 views

Computer Science Class Notes

Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems, including their design, development, analysis, implementation, and application. Key concepts include algorithms, data structures, programming, computer architecture, software engineering, artificial intelligence, machine learning, cybersecurity, computer networks, and databases. Programming paradigms include imperative, declarative, procedural, object-oriented, functional, event-driven, and parallel/concurrent programming. The software development life cycle involves planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance. Computer scientists must consider ethical and social implications of their work.

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ainur.seidulla
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Science Class Notes

Topic: Introduction to Computer Science

1. Definition of Computer Science


• Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems,
including their design, development, analysis, implementation, and
application.
2. Key Concepts in Computer Science
• Algorithms: Step-by-step procedures or sets of rules used to solve
computational problems.
• Data Structures: Organized formats for storing and managing data
efficiently.
• Programming: Writing instructions for computers to perform specific
tasks using programming languages.
• Computer Architecture: Structure and design of computer systems,
including hardware components and system organization.
• Software Engineering: Application of engineering principles to software
development, including design, testing, and maintenance.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Development of computer systems capable of
performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as
problem-solving and pattern recognition.
• Machine Learning: Subset of AI focused on the development of
algorithms that enable computers to learn from and make predictions or
decisions based on data.
• Cybersecurity: Protection of computer systems, networks, and data from
unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches.
• Computer Networks: Interconnection of computers and other devices to
facilitate communication and resource sharing.
• Databases: Organized collections of data stored electronically for easy
access, retrieval, and manipulation.
3. Programming Paradigms
• Imperative Programming: Focuses on describing how a program
operates through sequences of commands that change a program's state.
• Declarative Programming: Focuses on describing what a program should
accomplish without specifying the step-by-step procedures for achieving
it.
• Procedural Programming: Organizes a program around procedures or
functions that perform specific tasks.
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Organizes a program around
objects that encapsulate data and behavior.
• Functional Programming: Treats computation as the evaluation of
mathematical functions and avoids changing-state and mutable data.
• Event-Driven Programming: Responds to events triggered by user
interactions or system events.
• Parallel and Concurrent Programming: Involves executing multiple tasks
simultaneously or interleaved to improve performance and
responsiveness.
4. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
• Planning: Defining project scope, objectives, and requirements.
• Analysis: Studying existing systems and gathering requirements for the
new system.
• Design: Creating a blueprint for the system's structure, interfaces, and
components.
• Implementation: Writing code and building the system according to the
design specifications.
• Testing: Verifying that the system functions correctly and meets the
requirements.
• Deployment: Installing the system and making it available for use.
• Maintenance: Providing support, fixing bugs, and making updates or
improvements to the system.
5. Ethical and Social Implications
• Computer scientists must consider the ethical and social implications of
their work, including privacy, security, accessibility, and the impact of
technology on society.

Computer science plays a critical role in shaping modern society, driving innovation, and
addressing complex challenges across various domains.

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