21st Century-Week 1

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

11 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
CARAGA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
LINGIG II DISTRICT

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Third Quarter Formative Assessment

Week 1

21st Century Literature from the


Philippines and the World

Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic Dimensions of


Philippine Literary History from Pre-Colonial to
the Contemporary
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-
colonial to contemporary and representative texts from the regions.
2. Write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts.
3. Show a sense of adaptability of the Philippine Literary History

PRE-SPANISH LITERATURE - is characterized by:


• Folk tales. These are made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror, and humor
where one can derive lessons. An example of this is THE MOON AND THE SUN.

• The Epic Age. Epics are long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements
or events, usually of a hero, are dealt with at length.

• Folk Songs. These are one of the oldest forms of Philippine literature that emerged in
the pre-Spanish period. These songs mirrored the early forms of culture. Many of these
have 12 syllables. Examples of which are Kundiman, Kumintang o Tagumpay,
Ang Dalit o Imno, Ang Oyayi o Hele, Diana, Soliraning and
Talindaw
Understanding Literary History
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry.

•Spanish Influences On Philippine Literature


The first Filipino alphabet, called ALIBATA, was replaced by the Roman alphabet. Also, the
teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices. European legends
and traditions brought here became assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.

•Folk Songs

It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate appreciation for and love of
beauty. The examples are Leron-LeronSinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu
Pung Sing-sing.

•Recreational Plays
There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all of
them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo, Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.

PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1972- 1898)

In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called Ilustrados began to write about the
hitch of colonization.

The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) - This movement was spearheaded mostly by the
intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna,
Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.

o Some of Rizal’s writings: Noli Me Tangere, Mi Ultimo Adios, Sobre La Indolencia


Delos Filipinos and Filipinas Dentro De
Cien Aňos.

o Some of Del Pilar’s writings: PagibigsaTinubuangLupa (Love of Country), Kaingat


Kayo (Be Careful), and Dasalan at Tocsohan (Prayers and Jokes).

o Some of Jaena’s writings: Ang Fray Botod, La Hija Del Fraile (The Child of the
Friar), and Everything Is Hambug
(Everything is mere show), Sa Mga Pilipino...1891), andTalumpatingPagunita Kay
Kolumbus (An Oration to Commemorate Columbus).

THE AMERICAN REGIME (1898-1944)


Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language. Jose Garcia Villa
became famous for his free verse.

Characteristics of Literature during this period:

The languages used in writing were Spanish and Tagalog and the dialects of the different regions.
But the writers in Tagalog, continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their
attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue and the writers in English imitated the themes and
methods of the Americans.

THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)


Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country, Japan,
conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. This led
to all newspapers not to be circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE
REVIEW.

oFilipino Poetry during this period


The common theme of most poems during the Japanese
occupation was nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion,
and the arts. oThree types of poems emerged during this period:

a. Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines and

b. Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.

c. KaraniwangAnyo (Usual Form)

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH (1941-1945)

Because of the strict prohibitions imposed by the Japanese in the writing and publishing of works in
English, Philippine literature in English experienced a dark period. For the first twenty years, many
books were published both in Filipino and in English.
In the New Filipino Literature, Philippine literature in Tagalog was revived during this period. Most
themes in the writings dealt with Japanese brutalities, the poverty of life under the Japanese
government, and the brave guerilla exploits.

PERIOD OF ACTIVISM (1970-1972)


According to Pociano Pineda, youth activism in 1970-72 was due to domestic and worldwide causes.
Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms.

The Literary Revolution

The youth became vocal with their sentiments. They demanded a change in the
government. It was manifested in the bloody demonstrations and the sidewalk
expressions and also in literature.

PERIOD OF THE NEW SOCIETY (1972- 1980)


The period of the New Society started on September 21, 1972. The Carlos Palanca Awards continued
to give annual awards. Poems dealt with patience, regard for native culture, customs, and the
beauties of nature and surroundings. Newspapers donned new forms.

News on economic progress, discipline, culture, tourism, and the like were favored more than the
sensationalized reporting of killings, rape, and robberies. Filipinos before were hooked in reading
magazines and comics.

PERIOD OF THE THIRD REPUBLIC (1981-1985)


After ten years of military rule and some changes in the life of the Filipino, which started under the
New Society, Martial Rule was at last lifted on January 2, 1981. The Philippines became a new nation,
and this, former President Marcos called “The New Republic of the Philippines.” Poems during this
period of the Third Republic were romantic and revolutionary. Many Filipino songs dealt with
themes that were true-to-life like those of grief, poverty, aspirations for freedom, love of God, of
country and fellowmen.

POST-EDSA 1 REVOLUTION (1986-1995)


History took another twist. Once more, the Filipino people regained their independence, which they
lost twenty years ago. In four days from February 21-25, 1986, the so-called People Power (Lakas ng
Bayan) prevailed. In the short span of the existence of the real Republic of the Philippines, several
changes already became evident. It was noticed in the new Filipino songs, newspapers, speeches,
and even in the television programs. The now crony newspapers that enjoyed an overnight increase
in circulation were THE INQUIRER, MALAYA, and the PEOPLE’S JOURNAL.

21st CENTURY PERIOD

The new trends have been used and introduced to meet the needs and tastes of the new generation.
21st Century learners are demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with the style and format of
writing as well. New codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the literary pieces produced nowadays.
What I Can Do 1

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. During this period, Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were
written to awake the mind of our countrymen.
a. Spanish Period
b. American Period
c. Pre-Spanish Period
d. Period of Enlightenment

2. The Philippines had literature such as legends, folktakes, folksongs, and the like.
a. Spanish Period
b. Japanese Period
c. Pre-Spanish Period
d. Period of Enlightenment

3. In this period, religious books were written, such as Doctrina Cristiana and Urbana and
Felisa, to support or contradict the Catholic Church.
a. Spanish Period
b. American Period
c. 21st Century Period
d. Period of Enlightenment

4. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry, stories play,
essays, and novels which clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for
independence.
a. Edsa I Period
b. American Period
c. Pre-Spanish Period
d. The 3rd Republic Period

5. Filipino literature was given a break during this period for the Filipino literature was
prohibited from using. Many wrote plays, poems, short stories, etc. Topics and themes were
often about life in the provinces.
a. Japanese Period
b. American Period
c. Pre-Spanish Period
d. American Period
What I Can Do 2
Directions: Given below is a sample of a Filipino Folktale in the Pre-SpanishPeriod.
Answer the questions that follow.

THE SUN AND THE MOON

(Tingguian folk tale)


In the olden days, like the moon, the sun had also star children which were yellowish in color, very bright and very hot.
The star children of the moon, however, were reddish and cool. That moon was scared that his stars would wither and die if
they play with the star children of the sun.
The moon suggested to the sun that they kill their children who were crowding the heavens with their number.
When the sun had killed her children, the moon merely hid behind the clouds.
In the evening, when the clouds faded, the moon stars appeared.
This angered the sun so he gave chase to the moon. Thus, when heovertakes the moon, we have the so-called
eclipse.
Every morning, the sun kills the moon stars that he catches.
Until now, this chase continues and because the moon still continues…

1. What is the concern of the moon regarding his stars?


2. Why does the moon anger the sun?
3. What particular phenomenon is described in the Filipino Folktale?

What I Can Do 3

Directions: As a Senior High School Student, Filipino learner, in what way you can show a sense of
adaptability to the diverse Philippines Literary History? State your answer in a 3 -5 paragraph essay.

RUBRIC FOR ESSAY


Post Test:

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. A statement of fact about Philippine regional literature is _______.


a. It mirrors the deeply ingrained Filipino values, culture and tradition even when
keeping up with the changing times.
b. It reflects the conservatism of indigenous folks who have maintained a backward
expression style.
c. It embraces only the written compilation of literary works in various styles and
genres.
d. It depicts the influences of various colonizers that occupied the country for more
than three centuries.

2. An element in poetry that refers to the image or picture created in the minds of readers that helps
give light to the main idea is _______.
a. form
b. imagery
c. rhythm
d. sound pattern

3.Many Filipino authors, writers, or poets are encouraged to use the mother tongue as the medium of
expression in their craft because _______.
a. Readers fail to comprehend a piece not written in either English or Tagalog.
b. Our people’s culture and tradition are upheld through this despite effects of
colonization or even modernity.
c. The expression of thoughts, feelings, and ideas of a writer are emphasized in the
personalized codes that they use.
d. The continuous flow of feelings and insights are inhibited when a foreign
language is used instead.

4.The development of literature in the Philippines __________.


a. is given life only in the oral tradition of the country.
b. could reflect the richness of our country’s resources.
c. may be attributed to both local and foreign influences.
d. grew and prospered alongside the country’s history.

5.Philippine regional literature has become rich and varied because of _______.
a. the contributions of numerous artists who patterned after the Western literary
masters.
b. the nationalistic fervor of texts written in various stages of our history as a
nation.
c. various topics used as themes by the writers and their alignment to world
events.
d. the archipelagic nature of the Philippines, its geographical features, and the
presence of various ethno-linguistic groups in the country.
Reflective Feedback
You are now ready to give your insights and reflection that will help you grow and develop
understanding more deeply with the topic, so that you can work continuously for self –improvement.

Which part of the activity do you like least? Why?


______________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________
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2. Which part of the activity do you like most? Why?


__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________
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21st Century
Learning Activity Sheet
Third Quarter – Week 1
Key to Corrections
What I Can Do 1
1. C - Pre-Spanish Period,Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo were
written.
2. D- Period of Enlightenment , The Philippines had literature such as legends, folktakes,
folksongs, and the like.
3. A - Spanish Period,religious books were written, such as Doctrina Cristiana and Urbana and
Felisa
4. B- American Period,Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news, reporting, poetry,
stories play, essays, and novels
5. A- Japanese Period,Many wrote plays, poems, short stories, etc. Topics and themes were often
about life in the provinces.

What I Can Do 2
1. That moon was scared that his stars would wither and die if they play with the star children of the
sun.
2. In the evening, when the clods faded, the moon stars appeared.
3. The Eclipse.

What I Can Do 3
Answers may vary

Post Test
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. D

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