MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N.

VILLENAS 1

EXERCISES FOR MODULE 3

Name: ____GILBERT G. LOREDO___________________ Score/Rating:___________________

Exercise 1. Find a single adverb to replace the phrase in italics and then place the adverb in
midposition.

Example: The routines for the show must be done with skill.
The routines for the show must be skillfully done.

1. The provisions of the law must be applied with care.

The provisions of the law must be carefully applied.

2. Part II of this paper describes in only a couple of paragraphs the laws of the U.S. that
pertain to agricultural biotechnology.

Part II of this paper briefly describes the laws of the U.S. that pertain to agricultural
biotechnology.

3. Myopia, which is referred to as shortsightedness most of the time, is a common cause of

visual disability throughout the world.

Myopia, which is commonly referred as shortsightedness, is a common cause of visual

disability throughout the world.

4. This study revealed that American and Japanese thresholds for sweetness and saltiness
did not differ a lot.

This study revealed that American and Japanese thresholds did not much differ for
sweetness and saltiness.

5. As a rule, pulsed semiconductor lasers do not use the broad gain bandwidth to full
advantage in the generation of subpicosecond pulses.

Pulsed semiconductor lasers do not generally use the broad gain bandwidth to full
advantage in the generation of subpicosecond pulses.

6. Environmental managers are faced with having to determine the extent of

environmental contamination and identifying habitats at risk all the time.

Environmental managers are always faced with having to determine the extent of
environmental contamination and identifying habitats at risk.

7. The water supply lines must be inspected now and then to prevent blockages.
The water supply lines must be regularly inspected to prevent blockages.

8. Although many elaborations of this model have been developed over the years, to a
considerable extent all of them have followed the traditional specification in
presupposing that an individual will choose to make a tax report.
MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 2

Although many elaborations of this model have been developed over the years, all of
them have considerably followed the traditional specification in presupposing that an
individual will choose to make a tax report.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 3

Name: _______ GILBERT G. LOREDO__________ Score/Rating:____________________

Exercise 2. Insert the verb to be in the correct position.

1. The question remains whether it possible to develop a reliable earthquake warning

system.
The question remains whether it is possible to develop a reliable earthquake warning system.

2. Current studies provide little information on how this policy being implemented in
rural areas.
Current studies provide little information on how this policy is being implemented in rural
areas.

3. We need to know what precautions being taken to prevent the spread of disease.

We need to know what precautions are being taken to prevent the spread of disease.

4. There is some question as to whether the current crisis can eventually overcome.
There is some question as to whether the current crisis can eventually be overcome.

5. It has not been determined how these policies likely to affect small businesses.
It has not been determined how these policies are likely to affect small businesses.

6. It might also be of interest to investigate to what extent persistence a major factor in

graduate student success.
It might also be of interest to investigate to what extent persistence is a major factor in
graduate student success.

7. Another issue raised by this study is whether and to what extent poverty and climate
linked.
Another issue raised by this study is whether and to what extent poverty and climate are
linked.

8. The process uses the CPU power it needs, depending on what it doing and depending
on what other processes running.
The process uses the CPU power it needs, depending on what it is doing and depending on
what other processes are running.

9. It is unclear what the optimal level of government debt.

It is unclear what the optimal level of government debt is.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 4

Name: ________GILBERT G. LOREDO__________ Score/Rating:____________________

Exercise 3. Expand the following sentences, making them more informative by replacing
the noun phrase with one or more verb phrases:
Example: Teaching can be improved by in-service training.
Teaching can be improved by asking teachers to attend a large range of short
courses throughout much of their careers.

1. Bacteria found in meat can be killed by radiation.

Bacteria found in meat can be killed by boiling it at a high temperature.

2. Possible harmful effects of drugs can be reduced by tests.

Possible harmful effects of drugs can be reduced by identifying defects, reducing flaws,
and increasing the overall quality of the drugs.

3. One class of rocks is formed by sedimentation.

One class of rocks is formed by processing deposited solid material from a state of
suspension or solution in a fluid, usually air or water.

4. Information on political preferences can be obtained by polling.

Information on political preferences can be obtained by voting in an election.

5. Cultures are partly preserved by ceremony and ritual.

Cultures are partly preserved by conforming to religious rites, which are a sacred and
customary way of celebrating a religion or culture.

6. Sequences of events at archaeological sites can be established by stratification.

Sequences of events at archaeological sites can be established by arranging or
depositing sediment or sedimentary rocks in a sequence of layers.

7. Changes in land use can be detected by remote sensing.

Changes in land use can be detected by scanning the earth by satellite or high-flying
aircraft to obtain information about them.

8. The spread of infectious diseases can be controlled by vaccinations.

The spread of infectious diseases can be controlled by treating with a vaccine to
produce immunity to a particular infectious disease or pathogen.

9. English proficiency of students can be improved by studying.

The English proficiency of students can be improved by learning about a subject,
especially in an educational class or by reading books.

10. The deterioration of the quality of education can be prevented by instituting changes.
The deterioration of the quality of education can be prevented by identifying the problem
or opportunity that is instigating the need for change, exploring alternative solutions, and
securing resources for change execution.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 5

Name: ________ GILBERT G. LOREDO________________ Score/Rating:___________________

Exercise 4. Improve the flow of ideas for the following process descriptions by adding a
time adverbial, linking passives, or using an –ed participle.

Example: The plants are selected. The plants are planted at a particular site based on
the
type of metals present and other site conditions.

The plants are selected and planted at a particular site based on the type of
metals present and other site conditions.

1. Oil spill cleanup

The oil is skimmed from the surface using a boom. The oil is pumped into a tank for
recycling.
The oil is skimmed from the surface using a boom and pumped into a tank for recycling.

2. Wine making
The grapes are harvested. The grapes are crushed to release the pulp and seeds. The
grapes are fermented for three weeks.
The grapes are harvested, crushed to release the pulp and seeds, and then fermented for three
weeks.

3. Tempering glass
The glass is cut to size. It is inspected to determine if it has any imperfections. The
glass is heated to over 600◦C. The glass is cooled in a step known as quenching.
The glass is cut to size and inspected to determine if it has any imperfections. The glass is
heated to over 600◦C and cooled in a step known as quenching.

4. Coronary bypass surgery

A vessel is taken from the leg. The vessel is grafted to the aorta and the coronary artery
beyond the narrowed area. The vessel allows blood to flow to the heart muscle.
A vessel is taken from the leg and grafted to the aorta and the coronary artery beyond the
narrowed area that allows blood to flow to the heart muscle.

5. Geyser eruption
Water from rain or melted snow percolates into the ground through cracks. The water
is heated by the underlying rocks to temperatures well above the boiling point. The
water does not boil. It becomes superheated. It also becomes pressurized. The water
bursts out of the ground in an explosive steam eruption.
Water from rain or melted snow percolated into the ground through cracks and was heated by
the underlying rocks to temperatures well above the boiling point but the water does not boil;
eventually becomes superheated and pressurized and bursts out of the ground in an explosive
steam eruption.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 6

Name: _____ GILBERT G. LOREDO__________________ Score/Rating:___________________

Exercise 5. Combine the ideas presented in each of the following statements, using an –ing
clause of result.

Example: A current is sent through the material. As a result, the electrons are polarized.
A current is sent through the material, polarizing the electrons.

1. Sustainable development would require industry to reduce pollution output and

resource use; as a result, technical innovation will be stimulated.
Sustainable development would require industry to reduce pollution output and resource use,
stimulating technical innovation.

2. The researcher supposedly manipulated the data. As a result, an apparent effect was
created where none existed.
The researcher supposedly manipulated the data, creating an apparent effect where none
existed.

3. The computer viruses infect, executable files; as a consequence, the host computer is
damaged when the executable is run.
The computer viruses infect executable files, damaging the host computer when the executable
is run.

4. The plants extract the nickel and zinc; hence, the soil is left uncontaminated.

The plants extract the nickel and zinc, leaving the soil uncontaminated.

5. Rainfall levels plummeted. A slow, but steady, loss of grasses occurred. As a result, the
region was transformed into a desert.

Rainfall levels plummeted, occurring a slow but steady loss of grass and transforming the
region into a desert.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 7

Name: ______ GILBERT G. LOREDO__________________ Score/Rating:___________________

Exercise 6. Critical Analysis of a Problem-Solution Text

A. Clip one article in your field of study and do the following:

 identify the parts of a problem-solution text
 determine whether the active or passive voice is used
 determine whether it is written in present tense
 determine how the flow of information is maintained
 identify the time adverbials, midposition adverbs, sentence connectors
indicating causes and effects, –ing clauses of result, or indirect questions.

The Philippines is a market leader in IT-BPM services and is a top

tier location. The sector has shown tremendous expansion in worldwide
market share during the last ten years. Today, it is the leading provider of
voice-related services, and it is quickly expanding its capacity to provide
non-voice BPM and IT services to a rising number of clients throughout the
world (Philippine Board of Investments, 2018). This expected growth, Situation
however, had been recently challenged by various factors.
The Everest Group recalculated the industry's trajectory through
2022, revealing that revenue growth might drop from 7.1 percent in 2019 to -
0.5 percent in 2020. According to the report, revenue would drop to $26.2
billion in 2019 from $26.3 billion in 2018. In the meanwhile, hiring growth is
expected to slow, but the good news is that, despite the COVID-19
pandemic, the IT-BPM industry is expected to lose no employment (Everest
Group, 2021).
Meanwhile, the quality of the Philippines' ICT infrastructure is
lower and more costly compared to other countries. Most of the challenges
in the sector that the country is currently facing are lack of ICT
Problem
infrastructure, high cost of internet connectivity, cybersecurity threats,
digital gap, lack of ICT Adoption in agricultural extension, and insufficient
demand for connectivity in accessing online content and platforms
especially in rural areas and unserved regions.
With that, the European Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines
(ECCP), in collaboration with Converge ICT Solutions Inc., endeavors to
unravel these challenges faced by the Philippine IT-BPM industry. Join us
and be part of the solution on the webinar entitled "ICT Outlook for 2022: A
Fuel for Economic Progress" on 28 February 2022 from 01:00PM - 02:30PM
(GMT +8), aims to discuss the outlook of the ICT sector for 2022 and the
initiatives of the government and private sector addressing the challenges of
Solution
&
the said industry.

Evaluation

 Article is in active voice.

 Article is in present tense.
 In this article, the situation in Philippine Information Technology (IT) was discussed,
as was the impact of the growing IT industry in our country. Unfortunately, industry
growth in IT subsequently causes problems and challenges in the IT industry. Lastly,
in anticipation of those challenges, solutions are planned to be addressed by holding a
webinar to discuss initiatives and the future of the ICT sector.
 MODULE 3. PROBLEM, PROCESS AND SOLUTION Dr. BENILDA N. VILLENAS 8

B. Writing Task

Write your own problem-solution text that includes both a process description and a
definition or write a review of the current state of knowledge in your field, raising a
question about the current state of knowledge and offering a possible answer.

Evaluation Process of Hazardous Chemicals

The evaluation process for hazardous chemicals is regulated by the governing country. But
there are companies that must adopt other countries regulations due to the products that will
be delivered and placed on the market. This process focuses on the regulation adopted by the
company aside from the Philippine regulation, which is the European Union (EU)
Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACh) regulation.
The process is to evaluate substances from the part, article, and mixture in the product to be
delivered in the European Economic Area. European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is an agency
that regulates hazardous substances found on the market within the European Economic
Area. ECHA identifies those hazardous chemicals as substances with very high controls.
Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC) is a substance that is mutagenic, carcinogenic, toxic
to reproductive systems, and toxic to the environment. To identify those SVHC, an evaluation
process shall be done. It is important to identify SVHC in a new product or design to provide
a recommendation for replacement if feasible or to notify the customer. For chemical mixtures
or consumables, the affected part or article shall be identified to recommend a replacement or
alternative or notify the customer. Since the EU REACh evaluation process is not yet
established, tools are added to strengthen the process. Checklist is a tool that is used to check
if all things are according to the process. Also, a database is a tool that is very helpful to record
and document SVHC. The established evaluation process for EU REACh prevents companies
from noncompliance, which can lead to legal and civil cases.