PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

TOPIC 1- HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND THE DYNAMIC WORK ENVIRONMENT

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:
1. Explain the meaning of human behavior
2. Discuss the importance of human behavior in an organization
3. Identify and explain the factors affecting the human behavior in an organization
4. Discuss and give an example in the different use in studying human behavior in an
organization.

Introduction

Human played an important role in the organization; they serve as the no.1
important resources in the organization. Organization is composed of numbers of people
working in the organization that possess different characteristics, beliefs, culture, and
behavior.

Anything that is common place and obvious, like human behavior, is usually taken
for granted. Presumably, is does not have to go through a discerning eye; it does not
need analysis nor extensive study. However, this assumption may be far from being
tenable and true.

Human behavior occurs anywhere and everywhere-at home, in school, in the work
setting, in church, in a social club, in a professional organization. It is committed alone,
with another person, with a group or an organization. It is, therefore, universal and is at
the core of leadership, followership, communication, decisions making and the processes
in the organization. Every function of management requires and evokes behavior like
planning, organizing, leading, directing and controlling. The principles and concepts that
underlie behavior basic. It is their implementation and practice that differ from group to
group or from one country to another.

What is Human Behavior?

- Human behavior refers to the physical actions of a person that be seen or heard
such as smiling or whistling.
- With his thoughts, feelings, emotions, and sentiments, the person exhibits
behaviors similar or different when he is in or out of organizations.
Examples of Human Behavior

• Skills:
• Responses: acceptance, rejection, answer, ignorance
• Life:
- dreaming, sleeping, awake

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

- human communication, human time- scale

- desire, hunger, thirst

Factors Affecting Human Behavior

Attitudes: the degree to which the person has favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the
behavior in question.

Social Norms: this is the influence of social pressure that is perceived by the individual
(normative beliefs) to perform or not to perform a certain behavior.

Perceived Behavioral Control: this construct is defined as the individual’s belief

concerning how easy or difficult performing the behavior will be.

Some Key Behavioral Science Assumptions, Concepts, and Principles

Human behavior which is called human act is different from the act of man. When
a man performs an act with free will he does a human act. he is responsible for such act
which is performed with alternatives to choose from. It is free will from whence
responsibility emanates and flows that makes a man a human being performs human
acts or human behavior, philosophically speaking.

On the other hand, an act of man is performed by one who is forced to do so at

the risk of his own life he does otherwise. He does not have any other alternative/s to
choose from. He is not given the opportunity to use his free will and thus, he is not
responsible for this act. He, therefore, commits an act of man. An example of this is
marrying a woman by somebody at the point of a gun. Instinct and reflexes are other
examples of acts of man.

Human behavior can be understood best by developing frameworks from the

behavioral science which represents a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to why
and how people behave as they do.

Assumptions
1. Every person is significantly different from the moment of conception. From the
time an individual is conceived “so much water passes under the bridge” so to
speak, that in all aspects – physical, mental, social, psychological- he undergoes
a plethora of changes as he grows and develops from childhood to adulthood.
2. Every person is constantly active, goal-seeking organism. Whether consciously or
unconsciously, he is goal oriented. Goals, needs, drives, and wants to have similar
and overlapping meanings.
3. Every person is dynamic. Status quo does not characterize his states since he is
barraged by different forces around him.
4. The characteristics of an organization influence the behavior of the entire
organization and, to a great extent, the behavior of individuals within it as well.
5. Behavior cannot be predicted with one hundred percent accuracy since it arises
from the varying needs and value systems of many different people.

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

6. There are no simple cookbook formulas for working with people. No one best
answer. No ideal organization exists. Neither an ideal person.

Concepts
1. Almost all behavior is learned. This applies to adults and children whose learning
can be altered.
2. Human beings adapt. In accordance with their needs and values, individuals adjust
to their environment. When their new learnings are congruent with their value
system, they adopt them. What is adopted becomes part of their culture.

Principles
1. Thorndike’s law of effect woks and is powerful. It states that behavior which is
followed by a satisfying which is followed by a satisfying situation tends to be
repeated but that behavior which is followed by unsatisfactory conditions tends to
be extinguished.
2. Stimuli are those forces which impact the sensory organs of our five sensory
channels: sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch. The impact of stimuli is a function of
frequency, recency and felt intensity. Communication, in all cases, consists of the
creation of stimuli.
3. Behavior is caused but its causality is uncertain and usually multiple. In terms of
broad common definitions, it may be classified as having either a rational
(cognitive) or an emotional (affective) basis.
4. Classical conditioning- is a powerful technique for altering the behavior of others.
But man’s freedom of the will makes him responsible for his actions.
5. There are no two individuals who are alike in all dimension. Just as there are no
two similar leaves in a tree. The differences become more striking as they are
compared from the physical to the socio-psychological components.

Reasons for Studying Human Behavior

Why We Need to Study Human Behavior?
We need to study human behavior even as we participate in the day-to-day
processes and activities of human life. The need to understand the behavior of others,
especially those we encounter, and the need to anticipate and predict how others may
act in certain situations are important since we are affected by their actions.
We study human behavior to understand the actions of people. Its professional
analysis could very help an organization achieve its goals and pave the way the way for
smoother and more productive relationships among individuals in groups and among
groups in the organization.
For a firm, studying human behavior can increase its productivity for it provides
knowledge and information which can be the bases for improving its performance. Studies
on human behavior provide data and information which may be needed for improved
productivity, for rational decision and policymaking, for better planning and organizing
personnel human resources recruitment, screening, selection, promotion, and
development.

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

Organizational structure, leadership, and communication are other areas that can
effectively benefit from the study of human behavior.
The need for and usefulness of understanding and appreciating the values that
underlie or are reflected by our behavior brings out distinctions between right and wrong,
good and bad, proper and improper, useful and useless behavior. It is this dimension of
human behavior that underlies the quality of one’s actions, relationships, motivation,
productivity, self-improvement, aspirations, social usefulness, and responsibility.
What is Organizational Behavior?
- Organizational behavior or OB may be defined as “the study of human behavior
in the workplace, the interaction between individuals/people and the organization
with the intent to understand and predict human behavior.”
Why Study Organizational Behavior?
- Understanding human behavior in organizations is a critical skill for leadership
and success in organizations.
- To be a successful leader, one needs to understand the behaviors of people,
organization, and the situation.
Organizational behavior can also help a company to:
1. Improve customer service
2. Facilitate effective teamwork
3. Encourage creativity and innovation
4. Promote effective leadership
5. Ensure ethical behavior among staff and management
6. Evaluate employee job performance
7. Create a positive atmosphere for employees
GOALS OF Organizational Behavior
The Three Goals of OB are as Follows:
1. To explain Behavior;
2. To predict Behavior; and
3. To control Behavior.

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

THE PLACES WHERE THE PERSON EXHIBITS HIS BEHAVIOR

With his thoughts,
feelings, emotions, and
THE PERSON sentiments.

BEHAVIOR

OUT OF THE
IN THE ORGANIZATION
ORGANIZATION

THE BENEFITS OF STUDYING ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR (OB)

The study of OB offers certain benefits. They are as follows:
1. Development of people skills;
2. Personal Growth;
3. Enhancement of organizational and individual effectiveness; and
4. Sharpening and refinement of common sense.
DEVELOPMENT OF PEOPLE SKILL
- Two types of skills that a person will need to succeed in his chosen career;
1. The skill in doing his work; and
2. The skill in relating with people.
PERSONAL GROWTH
- Personal growth makes a person highly competitive in the workplace. The
chance to achieve personal is enhanced by knowledge of OB.
- Intrapersonal thinking may be described briefly as one possesses by a person
with highly accurate understanding of himself or herself.

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

ENHANCEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL EFFECTIVENESS

- Effectiveness is a major attribute of successful organizations, as well as
individuals. When the right decisions are made, effectiveness follows.
SHARPENING AND REFINEMENT OF COMMON SENSE
- People differ in the degree of common sense they possess. Improvements in
these types of ability however, can still be made and great benefits can be
derived is this is done.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR COMPONENTS
In the workplace, OB studies can produce findings to help HR personnel or executives
understand company culture, employee satisfaction, productivity and retention. Typically,
the different components of organizational behavior include:
➢ Personality: OB studies can provide insight into how an individual's personality
affects their productivity or quality of work. Hiring managers or HR representatives
may also use this information to determine a job candidate's compatibility with the
company's culture.
➢ Leadership: Companies use OB research to define successful leadership traits and
skills. This information can help managers or executives improve their leadership
styles or identify employees who may become quality leaders within an
organization.
➢ Power and authority: Understanding the relationship between power and authority
can help company leaders or HR personnel create a productive, cohesive culture.
These types of OB studies may examine workplace rules or ethics.
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR METHODS
As with any field of study, organizational behavior uses a variety of research methods
to produce results. Some methods of organizational behavior include:
➢ Computer simulation: This OB method uses mathematical modeling to
understand the behavior of an organization. This method can also provide
insight into the processes and behaviors that facilitate teamwork.
➢ Quantitative research: Researchers often use quantitative, or statistical,
research to study organizational behavior. Statistic models may include
correlation, variances and time series analyses.
➢ Qualitative research: This method of organizational behavior focuses on
gathering non-quantifiable information through observation. Methods of
observation may include interviews, case studies or written research.
WHAT INFLUENCES ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR?
Several factors influence behavior in the workplace that can motivate employees, improve
their performance and increase their satisfaction. Examples of these factors may include

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I
PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY PRO-ELECT 2- HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN ORGANIZATION
COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTANCY

interpersonal communications, company policies and individual management styles. The

different types of influencing factors for organizational behavior include:
1. Social: This factor may include employees' personalities, relationships and
leadership styles within an organization.
2. Environment: These factors refer to the physical environment of the workplace,
which may include furniture, computers, lighting and decor.
3. Structure: The structure of an organization, such as its various departments and
business hierarchy, can influence organizational behavior.
4. Tools: This type of factor refers to the various tool’s employees can access in their
jobs, such as technology or data.
5. Process: This factor includes processes within a team, department or company,
such as workflows and reporting structures.

ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY NAME: MY BEHAVIOR AND OTHERS

Your behavior has an impact on you and the people around you. In the boxes below
write down how do you think your behavior affects yourself and people close to you.

MY PARENTS MY FRIENDS

MY SIBLINGS MYSELF

Prepared By: RUTCHELL C. GAURANOC, MBA

Instructor I