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TEC102 Week 10 Workshop

The convert_to_JSON dictionary contains Python data types like int, float, bool etc. When dumped to a JSON file using json.dump(), the data types are converted to JSON-compatible types like number, strings etc. so the output.json file will contain JSON format rather than a Python dictionary.

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56 views18 pages

TEC102 Week 10 Workshop

The convert_to_JSON dictionary contains Python data types like int, float, bool etc. When dumped to a JSON file using json.dump(), the data types are converted to JSON-compatible types like number, strings etc. so the output.json file will contain JSON format rather than a Python dictionary.

Uploaded by

aiexplorer009
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TEC102

Fundamentals of
Programming
Lesson 10
Files
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Do not remove this notice.


Subject Learning Outcomes
1 Interpret simple program
specifications.
2 Conceptualise a high-level model via the
use of pseudocode and flow charts.
3 Describe how to transfer a high-level
model into a software application via the
use of a programming language.
4 Use an integrated development
environment to develop, debug and
test a solution written in a
programming language.
5 Use a programming language to read
and write data to a persistent storage.
Files
• Computers utilise file systems to retrieve and
store data
• Each file has data, even the programs you’ve
created, such as main.py is a file
• In the next slide, we will attempt to load a file
called “file_to_test.txt” (which you should
download from the LMS, to your local working
directory – ensure it’s in the same location as
your existing Python file, i.e. main.py)
Reading a File (Activity)
• Let’s all attempt to open the file “file_to_text.txt”
into your Python program, as shown below:
with open('file_to_test.txt') as file:
data = file.read()

print(data)
# Load this file into your Python program

• The expected output is shown above, if you didn’t


get this or there were issues, please let your
workshop facilitator know
– We will attempt many read/write to a file activities, if
there are any issues, again, please let your workshop
facilitator know
Notes on with keyword
• The with keyword is used in exception
handling for file streams
Without with With with

Source: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/with-statement-in-python/
Iterating Through Lines
(Activity)
• Similarly to the previous slides:
1. Open the file “students.txt” (on the LMS)
2. Use .readlines() method to read line by
line (as opposed to .read() method)
with open('students.txt') as file:
for line in file.readlines():
print(line)
"""
Jing

Jim

Kerrie

Rakesh

"""
Activity
Notice in the previous slide, the code output
generated a new line for each student output
1. Why’s this the case?
2. How can we ensure that there are no new lines
for each student output?

Answer:
1. Because readlines() adds a new line escape
character \n for each student output
2. Use print(line.strip()) to remove new line
escape character \n
Writing a File (Activity)
• Instead of reading a file, we will attempt to write a file
– Note: There is no file on the LMS. You may call the file
whatever you like, e.g. file.txt
with open('file.txt', 'w') as file:
file.write('Testing if data added to file')
• Notice in this case, we passed an argument ‘w’ to the
open() function, which indicates open the file in write
mode
– The default argument is ‘r’ (or read mode)
– By not changing the argument to write mode, you will NOT
be able to write to the file
• When file.txt is manually opened, it should look like
this:
Append to a File (Activity)
• We can append to an existing file without
completely overwriting existing files
– Make sure to apply the ‘a’ argument for
append mode
with open('file.txt', 'a') as file:
file.write('Append mode\n')
# \n used to add new line
Comma Separated Value (CSV)
File
• CSV files are an example of a text file that
impose a specific structure to the data
– Data is separated by a comma ,
• You may be familiar if you used Microsoft
Excel or Google Sheets, the file extension is
*.csv
• CSV files are simply just text – even if the
*.csv file extension wasn’t present, as long as
the data had a proper structure, we can read
the CSV file and manipulate it in our Python
program
Reading a CSV File (Activity)
• Open the file “gradebook.csv” (on the LMS)
import csv

gradebook = {}
with open('gradebook.csv', newline='') as file:
data = csv.DictReader(file)
for row in data:
gradebook[row['student']] = row['grade']
Note the following:
• Using a csv library
• Using the csv library’s DictReader object – which converts data into
a dictionary
• The data variable (DictReader object) is looped
• The gradebook dictionary is populated by applying each student’s
name as the key and each student’s grade as the value to that key
Reading a CSV File (2)
(Activity)
• In the previous example, gradebook.csv contained a
header ‘student,grade’
• Assuming the CSV file does not contain this header,
and just CSV data
– Open the file “gradebook_headers_removed.csv” (on
the LMS)
import csv

with open('gradebook_headers_removed.csv') as file:


reader = csv.reader(file)
gradebook = dict(reader)

• An elegant solution!
Writing a CSV File (Activity)
• Instead of reading a CSV file, we will attempt to
write to a CSV file
– Note: There is no file on the LMS. You may call the
file whatever you like, e.g. output.csv
• Using the original gradebook dictionary to
output to a CSV file:
import csv

gradebook = {'Jing': '35', 'Jim': '50', 'Kerrie': '65', 'Rakesh': '85'}


with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:
writer = csv.writer(file)
for key, value in gradebook.items():
writer.writerow([key, value])
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
File
• Similarly to CSV file, JSON file is another
common text file that imposes a specific
structure to the data
– Data structure defines objects and arrays
– Worth noting that just because a file extension
has *.json in the name doesn’t ensure the
data structure conforms to a valid JSON
format
Reading a JSON File (Activity)
• Open the file “purchase.json” (on the LMS)
import json

with open('purchase.json') as file:


data = json.load(file)

print(data)
# {'user': 'James', 'action': 'Buy', 'item_id': 78192, 'price': 39.99}

Note the following:


• Using a json library
• Using the json library’s load method – which
reads file data into the variable data
Writing a JSON File (Activity)
• Instead of reading a JSON file, we will attempt to
write to a JSON file
– Note: There is no file on the LMS. You may call the
file whatever you like, e.g. output.json
import json

convert_to_JSON = {
'number': 123,
'float': 1.32,
'bool': True,
'NoneType': None,
'String': 'String',
'datetime': '2022-12-27 08:26:49.219717'
}

with open('output.json', 'w') as file:


json.dump(convert_to_JSON, file)
Activity
In the previous slide,
what are some
differences between the
convert_to_JSON
dictionary and JSON
format in the
output.json file?

Answer:

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