Anternational OPEN @ ACCESS Journal Of Muilern Engineering Research (LIMER) 1 c Harmonic Analysis of 6-Pulse and 12-Pulse Converter Models Venkatesh P', Dr. M. N. Dinesh* “at-Tech, Power Etecironics, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engincering. RV.C.E. Bangalore “ssoctale Professor, Departmen of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. 8,ViC.E, Bangalore Abstract: This paper disewsses the impact of using 6-pulse and [2-pulse rectifier circuit commonly found in HVDC systems. The 12-pulse rectifier cireuit is known to be more expensive, but produces the reduced input current harmonics and ouput voltage ripples, The Mult-pulse configuration consists of several six-pulse converter units in cither series or parallel on the DC side. These units are phase= shifted with respect to each other by the wransfornier connection, This paper presents the modeling and pe am Sia td ee an i tars le ne Ree 1. Introduction ‘The transmission and distribution of clecttical energy Started with direct current (DC) in late 19° century, but it as inefficient due to the power loss in conductors. Alternating current (AC) offered much hetter cflicieney, since it could easly he transformed to higher voltages, with far less loss of power, AC technology was soon accepted as the only feasible fechnotogy for generation, transmission and distribution of efectrical ssicray [3] Dicaie rectifier used passive component and switching devices for reduce harmonic problem, but they are create more complicated system include in high power gnd application. The 6-pulse rectifier is involving most AC drive because of its low cost and simplest structure. The input current THD can exceed 100% with no ‘harmonies filter with Sth, 7th and 11th harmonics at full load condition, Harmonics filter with Sth, 7 and 11h harmonics being dominant harmonics component. A |2-palse +t involves two sets of 6-pulse rectifier is \ery popular for different types high power grid application, The mult-phase transformer can be an uotransformer or an isolated transformer with some phase displasement to provide tw three-phase vollage sources that cancel the Sth and Tih harmonics, 12-pulse rectifier with a wye-wye, wyeudelta isolation transformer and the resiilting input current waveform where 11th and | 3th harmonics are the dominant harmonic components (5). AS technology grows every day, the study of power systems has shifled its direction to power clectranies to produce the most efficient cnergy conversion. Power electronics plays a vital role in processing andl controlling the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages and currents in a form that is suited for user loads. The goals of using power clectronics are to obtain the benefit of lower cost, small power loss and high: fliciency. Because of high energy elfciency, the remoual of heat generated de to dissipated energy is lower Other advamages of power electronics are reduction in size, weight, and overall cost [4]. I, 6—Palse And 12-Pulse Rectifier Models. The basic configuration for HVDC uses a three phase bridge rectifier or six pulse bricges, containing six electronic switches, each connecting to one af the three phases power supply. A complete switching element is usually referred t0 as a valve, irrespective of its construction. The simulated diagram of Ise Bridge is shown in figure]. Normally, two diodes in the bridge are conducting at any time, one on the top row (D1, D3 and DS) and another from bottam row (D2, Da and D4). The wo conducting valves connecting to two of three AC phase voltages, in series to the DC terminals. Thus the DC ouiput voltage at any given instant is given by the series combination of two AC phase voltages. For example, if valves D1 and! D2 are conducting, then the DC output voltage is given by the voltage of phase | minusthe voltage of phase 3. In fact, with a line commutated converter, the firing angle represents the only way of controling the converter ‘output voltage, Firing angle control is used to regulate the DC vollages of bath ends of the HVDC system continously in order to obtain the desired level of power transfer. | MER | ISSN; 2249-6645 | orm ijmer.cam 1 Vol. | fss.9| Sepr. 2014 | 31)For high power applications such as high voltage [XC transmission and DC motor drives, a 12 pulse ‘output is generally required to reduce the output ripples and to increase the ripple frequencies. A three phase bridge gives a six pulse output voltages, An snbanceanent of the six pulse bridge arrangement uses 12 valves in twelve pulse bridge. A twelve pulse bridge is effectively two six pulse bridges connected in series on the DC side and arranged with a phase displacement between their respective AC supplies so that some of the harmonics voltages and currents are get cancelled. ‘The phase displacement between the two AC supplies is usually 30° and is realized by using converter transformer with two different secondary windings. Usually one of the valve winding is star (wye) connected and the other is delta connected, MATLAB sofivare, particularly Simulink, MATLAB's graphical interface is a Environment for designing and modeling systems, was used ta mode! various aspects of the proposed power generation and transmission system. MATLAB version 2013, release 07.02.2013, equipped with the SimPowerSystems block set, was the software used Phase diode rectifier using 6-diodes ‘The MATLAB Sim Power Systems sofware is a subsystem contains numerous demonstration models, including a model of a 3-phase diode rectifier, This model was the inspiration for our simplified models of 3- phase 6-pulse ane 12-pulse converters. Figure! stows 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier. The three single-phase AC voltage sources, cach 120 grees out of phase withthe other, each being retitied through a diode, RL load was used Figure: 1:3-phase diode rectifier using 6-dides 3+Phase diode rectifier using 12-diodes The MATLAB 3-phase diode rectifier demonstration model, described above, features tres single- phase AC voltage sources, each 120 degrees out of phase with the other, each being rectified through a diode aa RL Toa was Use, IN: 2249-6645 | wowijmer.com | Vol. | Iss.9| Sept, 2014 | 32)it -Phase diode rectifier using 12 diodes, Figure: 12-pulse converter rectifier, using 12-thyristors Diodes cannot be used in HWDC converters because the timing of current flow must be precisely controlled, and diodes do not allow this sort of control. 3-Phase diode models using 6-diodes and 12-diodes rectifier models and also 12-pulse rectifier using thyristors model were simulated. Stability is the major problem in diode models, Hence output voltage ean be varied in 12-pulse eon verter using thyristors, Figure: 3: 12 pulse converter using 12-hyristors IIL, Simutated Results Both é-pulse and 12-pulse rectifier models were simulated. With increasing pulses in the converter, the input side the Total Hammnie Distortion (THD) is reduces and efficiency of the system is increased, For RL. type load with Re 10 ol, antd Le@SOuH, The results obtained are as follows: | MER | ISSN: 2249-6645 | wowajmer.com | Vol. | fss.9| Sept, 2014 | 33)Harmonic analsis of 6-pulse and 12-pulse converter Models Resulis obtained for six pulse converter showing output voltage (¥.), input current (1), and ouiput current (Ny) in figure 4 Lz Figure: 4: waveforms of 3-phase diode rectifier using 6-diedes Results obtained for twelve (12) pulke converter usinig diodes. Showing ouput voltage (V,), secondary currents (iy)and (is), and input current (1) im figure 5. $1 waveforms of twelve pulse converter using diodes Results obtained: for twelve (12) pulse converter using thyristors. Showing oulput voltage (Vj), secondary currents (j,) und (is) and input current (1) in Figure 6 HER | ISSN; 2249-6645 Vol. 4 | ss.9] SeptHarmonic analysis of 6-pulse and 12-pulse converter Models form (FET) analysis was carried out on both G-pulse and 12. 12 pulse converter with 12% of THD, Figure: 7: FFT analysis, With reduces and effi obtained are as follows: THD in 6 pulse converter ® 36.95 % THD in 12 pulse converier= 12.48 ig the pulses in the converter, the input side the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) has ofthe system is increased, For RL type load with R= 10 ohm, L.= 6$0,H and the results It is observed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) decreases as the number of converter pulses increases and itis within limits as per IEEE standards, TIMER | ISSN; 2249-6645 Vol. 4 | 35.9] Sept, 2014 | 35)Harmonic analysis of 6-pulse and 12-pulse converter Models IV. Conclusion In the 12-Pulse converter configurations, the output voltage ripple as well as the input phase current harmonic content was much lower as compared to the 6-Pulse eon verter configurations. As the umber of pulses increases, the quality of DC so obtained becomes better as well as the harmonic content in the AC input current is further reduced, Other multi-pulse convericr con figurations with pulse mumbers mish higher ae 12 and with different configurations, like I8-Pulse, 24+ Pulse, 36-Pulse, 48-Pulse configurations, which give much better performance tua the 12-Pulte converter But dae to increased eu somplesiy and higher narber components involved, their analysis becomes tedious and complex. REFERENCES [1] Edward Wilson Kim bark, "Direct Current Transmission", Volume 1, Wiley Interscicnee, [2] K-RPadiyar, “HVDC Power Transmission Systems", New Age, Second Edition. 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