11

Personal Development
Quarter 2 Module 4:
the concepts of career
development, life goals, and
personal factors influencing
career choices and external
factors

GOVERNMENT PROPE
NOT FOR SALE
Personal Development- Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: the concepts of career development, life goals,
and personal factors influencing career choices and external factors
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall
be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

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respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
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The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Nika Audrey C. Bartolome
Editors:
Reviewers:
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Illustrator:
Management
Team:

Printed in the Philippines by:_____________________________________________

Department of Education
Office Address: Flores St. Catbangan, City of San Fernando, La Union
Telefax: (072) 607- 8137/ 682-2324
E-mail Address: [email protected]
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Personal
Development
Quarter II – Module 4:
the concepts of career
development, life goals, and
personal factors influencing
career choices and external
factors
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Personal Development Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on the concepts of career development, life goals, and
personal factors influencing career choices and external factors!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box
in the body of the module:

Note to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Physical Education Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Active Recreation: Strength Training and Yoga!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It
is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may
learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource
signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time.
Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and

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time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts with their corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn
in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims

to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correctly, you may decide to
skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you

link the current lesson with the
previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion

of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for

independent practice to strengthen
your understanding and skills of the
topic. You may check the answers in
the exercises using the Answer Key at
the end of the module.
What I Have This includes questions or open-ended
Learned statements to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which

will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will be
Activities given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned. This also
develops retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in

the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:

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References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
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part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was specifically developed and designed to provide you fun
and meaningful learning experience, with your own time and pace.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Career and Personal Development
 Lesson 2 - Leadership and Followership
 Lesson 3 – Social Influence
After going through this module, you are expected to:
 Explain that understanding different factors, career development
concepts and personal life goals influence career planning and decision-
making.; EsP-PD11/12PC-IIf12.1
 Identify career options based on different factors, career development
concepts and personal life goals; EsP-PD11/12PC-IIg12.3
 Prepare a career plan based on the identified career options to attain
personal life’s goals - EsP-PD11/12PC-IIg12.3

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 Lesson
Career and Personal
1 Development

What I Know

What do you want to be when you grow up?

________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

What’s In

Activity: CREATE YOUR CAREER WHEEL.

Create your own career wheel.

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 What’s New

Activity: Write about hour career wheel. Answer the following questions:
1. How did you go about naming events, situations, needs and facts about yourself?
Were there challenges in doing this? If so, what are these challenges?
2. Looking at these many facets in your life, which among them do you think are
major considerations when deciding on future career options? Why would you
consider these as a source of great impact?
3. Which are the areas that will really work to your advantage in relation to the career
options that you are considering? How will these impact your choices?
4. What are your realizations after this exercise?

What is It
Career and Personal Development
A career is a profession that a person may get into, either because he has found
a good match between his life goals, skills, personality, and interest with a dream job,
or it may just be a means to earn a living. While careers can change through time, and
this has been proven ever so often, such as the medical doctor who, after so many
years of studies and practice, decided to pursue his passion, which was to become a
chef of his own restaurant, vocations are more consistent even in different situations
and conditions. Someone who is passionate about education need not be a teacher or
professor in an academic setting. Education, in its broadest meaning, can be formal or
informal; with formal being in a school, whereas informal can be in any other
situation, such as a social worker training people on basis hygiene or parenting, for
example.

Reading: CAREER CONCEPTS

A career is defined as the combination and sequence of roles played by a
person during the course of a lifetime (Super, 1980). Your career basically dictates
a lot of things in your life – it can determine the kind of lifestyle that you will be
leading, the quality of relationships that you have with people around you like your
family and friends, the kind of balance you will be able to keep with your life and your
responsibilities.
There are two other concepts that we often associate with the concept of career.
One is a job. A job is a position an individual hold doing specific duties. For example,
if you would look closely at the job of a lawyer, you can say that a lawyer’s job is
working as an associate in X Law Firm.

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 Another term is occupation. An occupation is defined as the similar work for
which people have similar responsibilities and for which they develop a common set of
skills and knowledge. For example, people who are in the mental health occupation
would include psychologists, clinical psychologists, counselors, and psychiatrists.
A lot of things can influence one’s career choice. A popular career development
model, the Trait and Factor model, believes that skills and abilities need to fit the
demands of a particular career field. This being said, it is then important that you
take stock of the skills, knowledge and abilities that you currently possess and those
that you still need to develop as these greatly impacts that kind of career that could be
a good match for you.
Another factor that could influence your success in a particular career field
would be your personality and interests. John Holland, a popular career counselor
proposed a theory that strongly believe that certain careers require certain personality
traits and must also fit our interests.
Our life roles are yet strong factors that influences our career choices. Your
role as a child, a sister, a student, and eventually if you choose it, that of a parent
would have an impact in the decisions that you would have to make as an adult.
Donald Super, another career development theorist believes that since we play an
array of roles in our lives, these roles are likely to change over time thus requirements,
needs and other external forces would come into play when we are trying to figure out
or maintain a career.
One’s race and ethnicity could also impact our choices. The culture in which
we belong to shape our values and expectations. In the Philippines, our collectivist
orientation makes our family a strong influence in our career decisions. More
often than not, the choice of course to take in college, the location of our job,
how strong willed we will be in achieving great heights in our career, would
most likely be influenced by our family roles, duties and obligations.
Our social identity, specifically our gender, also possess challenges and
opportunities for us when choosing a career. Although nowadays, the gender
divide in terms of careers have slowly narrowed, it is a known fact that men
and women experiences career-related stereotypes.
One of the strongest considerations in career decision making has a lot
to do with social and economic conditions. Our choice of career is contingent
to our capabilities to sustain the monetary demands of pursuing formal
education to train for it. Also, our financial obligations and roles likewise
would determine the kind of occupation we would be pursuing in order to fulfill
these duties. Furthermore, certain life events can also influence our career
choices. The unpredictability of these events may cause us to make certain
concessions in order to meet the demands brought about by these changes.
Likewise, the volatile economic landscape and how it impacts that supply and
demand for people and jobs may also impact how our careers would progress.

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 Lastly, we are so familiar with the question “What do you want to be
when you grow up?”. It is highly probable that these childhood fantasies may
have influenced how you view yourself and your career.

Super’s Theory
Super’s five life and career development stages
Stage Age Characteristics
Growth Birth-14 Development of self-concept, attitudes,
needs, and general work
Exploration 15-24 “Trying out” through classes, work
hobbies. Tentative choice and skill
development.
Establishment 25-44 Entry-level skill building and
stabilization through work experience
Maintenance 45-64 Continual adjustment process to
improve position
Decline 65+ Reduced output, prepare for retirement

Parson’s Theory
Frank Parsons is regarded as the founder of the vocational guidance
movement. He developed the theory of matching careers to talents, skills, and
personality. Parson noted that people perform best when they are in jobs best
suited to their abilities and developed the talent-matching approach, which
was later developed into the Trait and Factor Theory of Occupational Choice.
Parsons believed that career occurs when people have achieved:
 An understanding of their individual traits (aptitude, interests, personal
abilities)
 A knowledge of available jobs
 Objective acknowledge between the individual’s trait, and the current
market needs
Parsons suggested that when an individuals are in jobs best suited to
their abilities they perform best and their productivity is highest.

Holland’s Theory

According to John Holland’s Theory of Career Choice, careers are

established by the interaction between our personality and the environment.
Something like, we want to work in jobs with people like us. Holland believes
that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around others
who are like them.

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 Holland’s Theory is focused
on the belief that most people belong to
one of the six personality types.
 Realistic
 Investigate
 Artistic
 Social
 Enterprising
 Conventional

Krumboltz’s Theory

John Krumboltz’ Theory states that it is OK to not always the plan,

because unplanned events can lead to good careers. This is an optimistic outlook can
help turn destiny into opportunity. John Krumboltz developed ideas about backing up
in decisions in his clients. He said that indecision is desirable and sensible, as it
allows to prospect for client to benefit from unplanned occasions.

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 What’s More

Activity: THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TEST

This is a personality test, it will help you understand why you act the
way that you do and how your personality is structured. In the table below,
mark how much you agree with the statement on the scale 1-5, where
1=disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=neutral, 4=slightly agree and 5=agree, in the
box to the left of it.

Scoring:
E = 20 + (1)___- (6)___ + (11)___- (16)___+(21)___-(26)___+(31)___-(36)___+(41)___-(46) = _____
A = 14 – (2)___+ (7)___ - (12)___+ (17)___-(22)___+(27)___-(32)___+(37)___+(42)___+(47) = _____
C = 14 + (3)___- (8)___+(13)___- (18)___+(23)___-(28)___+(33)___-(38)___+(43)___+(48) = _____
N = 38 – (4)___+ (9)___ - (14)___+ (19)___-(24)___-(29)___-(34)___-(39)___-(44)___-(49) = _____

O = 8 + (5)___- (10)___+(15)___-(20)___+(25)___-(30)___+(35)___+(40)___+(45)___+(50) = _____

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The scores you calculate should be between zero and forty.
Below is a description of each trait
 Extroversion (E) is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside
the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers prefer to
work on their projects alone.
 Agreeableness (A) reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others.
High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to ‘tell it like it is’.
 Conscientiousness © is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking. High
scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be messy and
cheat others.
 Neuroticism (N) is the personality trait of being emotional.
 Openness to Experience (O) is the personality trait of seeking new experience and
intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very down
to earth.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the following questions:

1. Explain the different career development theories discussed and identify
which one you think applies the best.
2. Explain how understanding the concepts of career and life goals can help
in planning your career.

Assessment

Take some online test from the following sites to find out more about
yourself and your career preference. Please note that these tests should not be
treated as prescriptive, but instead are just indicators of your preferences.
1. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter is a personality type identification tool that
can help you understand yourself better. You can ask a guidance counselor or
your Personal Development teacher in your school to help you in interpreting
the results.
https://keirsey.com/sorter/register.aspx

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2. The Myers-Briggs Personality Type Indicator is also a good indicator of your
personality type. This can be confusing and will need some assistance for you
to interpret and understand the result.
https://loganschool.wikispaces.com/file/view/Myers-Briggs+for+Careers.pdf
http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/JTypes2.asp

Additional Activities

1. On a
On the left column, write “My Strength.” On the right column, write
“My challenge.” Reflect on these and write down what comes to your mind. Be as
detailed as possible. Your strengths or challenges may not necessarily be just
behaviors, they can include how you think about things (attitude), your own beliefs
about yourself, or even how you handle emotions. If you need more space, feel free to
use more pieces of paper.
2. Identify the strengths and challenges that you think are directly related or
necessary to the career choice or course you are thinking of taking up after your high
school graduation. What else do you need to complete this list?
3. How do your strengths and challenges related to the Whole Brain Theory?

Lesson Factors Affecting One’s Choice of

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 2 Career

What I Know
What do you know about careers? What factors influence a career choice?

What’s New

Reading: WHAT INFLUENCES YOUR CAREER CHOICE?

By Melissa Venable
When we think about career choice, several things immediately come to
mind - job description, training and education required, career outlook, and
salary - but there are a number of other factors that may influence your
decisions. Let's explore some of these factors as addressed by multiple career
development theories. Theories can help us frame why and how things happen.
In this case, career development theories help us explain why and how we
choose to pursue specific career fields.
There are a lot of theories to consider in the relatively new field of career
development. As you read through the factors below, you'll see that many of
the related theories address some of the same issues. No one theory explains
everything, so it's good to consider these factors from multiple perspectives.
Influence Factors
Skills and Abilities - Considering your skills and abilities and how they
may fit a particular occupation comes out of one of the earliest career
development fields, Trait-Factor theories, and is still used today. These theories
recommend creating occupational profiles for specific jobs as well as identifying
individual differences, matching individuals to occupations based on these
differences. You can identify activities you enjoy and those in which you have a
level of competency though a formal assessment.
Interest and Personality Type - Holland's Career Typology is a widely
used to connect personality types and career fields. This theory establishes a
classification system that matches personality characteristics and personal

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preferences to job characteristics. The Holland Codes are six personality/career
types that help describe a wide range of occupations.
Life Roles - Being a worker is just one of your life roles, in addition to
others such as, student, parent, and child. Super's Lifespan theory directly
addresses the fact that we each play multiple roles in our lives and that these
roles change over the course of our lives. How we think about ourselves in
these roles, their requirements of them, and the external forces that affect
them, may influence how we look at careers in general and how we make
choices for ourselves.
Previous Experiences - Krumboltz's Social Learning and Planned
Happenstance theories address factors related to our experiences with others
and in previous work situations. Having positive experiences and role models
working in specific careers may influence the set of careers we consider as
options for ourselves. One aspect of Social Cognitive Career Theory addresses
the fact that we are likely to consider continuing a particular task if we have
had a positive experience doing it. In this way, we focus on areas in which we
have had proven success and achieved positive self-esteem.
Culture- Racial and ethnic background, as well as the culture of an
individual's regional area, local community, and extended family, may impact
career decisions. Our culture often shapes our values and expectations as they
relate to many parts of our lives, including jobs and careers. Multicultural
career counseling has emerged as a specialized field to take these influences
into consideration when counseling clients and students. We can't attribute the
predominant characteristics of a culture to any one of its individuals, but
having an awareness of the values and expectations of our culture may help us
understand how we make our career choices.
Gender - Both men and women have experienced career-related
stereotypes. Gender is a factor included in multiple career development
theories and approaches including, Social Learning and multicultural career
counseling. How we view ourselves as individuals may influence both the
opportunities and barriers we perceive as we make career decisions. Studies of
gender and career development are ongoing as roles of men and women in the
workforce, and in higher education, evolve.
Social and Economic Conditions - All of our career choices take place
within the context of society and the economy. Several career theories, such as
Social Cognitive Career Theory and Social Learning, address this context in
addition to other factors. Events that take place in our lives may affect the
choices available to us and even dictate our choices to a certain degree.
Changes in the economy and resulting job market may also affect how our
careers develop.
Childhood Fantasies - What do you want to be when you grow-up? You
may remember this question from your childhood, and it may have helped

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shape how you thought about careers then, as well as later in life. Career
counseling theories are expanding as programs related to career choice are
developed for all ages, including the very young. Ginzberg proposed a theory
that describes three life stages related to career development. The first stage,
fantasy, where early ideas about careers are formed, takes place up to age 11.

Work with your career counselor! It’s important to understand that

career choice is not made based on any one factor. Our choices are subject to
many influences – individual, cultural, social, and environmental. The
combination and interaction of various influences on your decision-making are
unique to you and your situation. There may also be multiple options, several
“good-fits” for you, instead of a single, right choice. Keep in mind that as you
change, learning and experiencing new things, and external factors change,
such as the economy, you will continue to revise and fine-tune your career
choices. There is a lot to consider, but you don’t have to figure it all out on
your own. Work with a career services counselor at your institution’s career
center. These professionals will be able to assist you with assessments and
additional resources, and discuss how different theories may be applied to your
career development process.

What is It

In the Philippines, education takes top priority among the majority of

families are basic necessities are met. The belief that a college diploma can
improve one’s life is the major factor that drives many Filipino to seek out the
most popular courses in college that can offer the best chances of employment.
This is evident in the way families literally enshrine the diplomas receive by
members of the family and lining it up along the walls, together with honor
ribbons and medals, if they received any. College degree is the ticket from
poverty to a more comfortable life. It is also perceived as a way to garner
respects and pride within one’s community.
Challenges are real for everyone. Even in ideal situations where there are
minimal challenges like financial constraint and parental approval, other
obstacles might still be present. Let us take a look at the internal factors that
may affect your decision in your career choice.
1. Self-concept or self-identity
If your self-identity is not solid as it should be, then choosing a career or even a
course to take up in college will be difficult. There is a need to know and understand
what you want to do or not want to do. This is tied on how you see and think of
yourself. For example, you want to become a medical doctor, but then you think you

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do not have the perseverance or the intelligence to become one, that self-defeating
thought will take you miles away from fulfilling your dream.

2. Personal preferences
You might have decided to take up accountancy but your mother told you that
being a nurse like one of your Aunt will help you earn a lot of money especially when
you work abroad. This is usually happening in many Filipino homes. For a parent,
they will always think of the best for their child. However, no matter how good their
intentions are, these can still backfire because the child is forced to do something
opposite- what his or her parents want. There are some instances when the adolescent
will abide by the wishes of the parents over what college course to take.

3. Motivation
The drive to fulfill one’ fullest potentials is the best motivation any person can
ever have in living a meaningful life. Sure, there are some whose motivation evolve
around amassing wealth or obtaining power, but the majority of Filipinos are
motivated primarily by their desire to improve the quality of their family’s lives.

4. Self-confidence
“Yes I can” Kaya ko ito!” Notwithstanding the challenges an adolescent faces
after high school, the self-confident person will keep his eyes on his goals, and declare
to the world that he can do it and will succeed in the pursuit of his dreams.
5. Personal Skills
As children, we already learned certain skills just by observing our parents and
siblings, classmates, and school authorities. Basic education teaches us the hard
skills we need to acquire so we may qualify for higher education such as learning
math and the sciences. The softer skills such as dealing with people or the skills to
communicate a feeling or a though non-verbally are skills that are not taught in our
educational system. Have the courage to stand up and take the relevant course that
will hone your skills and be the master of your own destiny.

6. Personality Characteristics
Knowing your personality characteristics will definitely help you in choosing a
career. Certain characteristics are compatible and matched with certain types of work
or occupation according to Holland’s Trait factor Theory.

7. Personal Health
The condition of your health is a major factor in the career choice you will
make. Are you healthy enough to take on the rigors of some tough courses like law or
medicine? In many instances, however, physical conditions or health issues did not
deter certain individuals in pursuing their dreams.

8. Emotional Considerations
Generally, it is difficult to make a decision when one is experiencing some
strong emotions such as anger or sadness. Oftentimes, an emotionally disturbed
individual will end up deciding on the wrong thing. Check yourself when you are
deciding on what course to take. It is always best to be levelheaded and calm when
making these life-directing decisions.

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 What’s More

Activity: REFLECTION
Find out which of these challenges really exist in your life, list them down and rank
them according to the most doable to the most impossible to overcome.

What I Have Learned

What factors influences or affect Filipino adolescents in choosing their career?

What I Can Do

Gather the result of the various online personality tests you took, including the
ones you too from the previous chapters. Analyze and create a Personal Profile for
yourself by incorporating all the results.

Assessment
Create your personal career goals based on your Personal Profile and validate
and assess this in terms of the possible external and internal factors you are facing
now that will affect your career choice. A Career Goal is a simple statement of what
career path you would like to take and what kind of work do you envision yourself
doing, the working environment that you are in, the people you work with, and the
relationships you have with them, and a timetable to guide you in visioning your
career goal.

Additional Activities
Approach people who know you well enough to give you a validation feedback
on the results of the personality tests you took. Also, discuss with them you possible
career choices and what they think of them.

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References:
Santos, Ricardo Rubio. 2016. Personal Development, Quezon City: Rex Publishing, Inc

Garcia-Cox, Maria Gina. 2016. Personal Development, Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services

http://earlhaig.ca/departments/coop/1Documents/gr%2010%20careers/Career%20W heel
%20Assignment/building_careers.pdf

Melissa Venable; http://www.onlinecollege.org/2011/05/17/what-influences-yourcareer-

choice/

http://www.careers.govt.nz/practitioners/career-practice/career-theory-models/supers-
theory/

http://personality-testing.info/printable/big-five-personality-test.pdf

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