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22cs3074 Dbms Assign1

The document contains questions and answers about databases and database management systems. It defines a database as a structured collection of data and a DBMS as software that manages and interacts with database data. Key differences between file management systems and DBMS are discussed, with the latter taking a more organized approach through tables and SQL. The roles and types of data models in DBMS are explained, including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, and document-oriented models. Common database concepts like entities, entity types, and entity sets are also differentiated.

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12 views

22cs3074 Dbms Assign1

The document contains questions and answers about databases and database management systems. It defines a database as a structured collection of data and a DBMS as software that manages and interacts with database data. Key differences between file management systems and DBMS are discussed, with the latter taking a more organized approach through tables and SQL. The roles and types of data models in DBMS are explained, including hierarchical, network, relational, entity-relationship, object-oriented, and document-oriented models. Common database concepts like entities, entity types, and entity sets are also differentiated.

Uploaded by

akshit baluni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1. Define database and how it is different from database management system.

Ans1. A database is a structured collection of data, like a digital filing system, where
information is organized and stored. This information can include things like names,
addresses, or various types of records. Now, a Database Management System (DBMS)
is a software application that allows us to manage, organize, and interact with the data
stored in a database. In essence, the database is the actual repository of information,
while the DBMS is the tool that enables us to efficiently handle, retrieve, and manipulate
that data

Q2. Write down the differences between database management system and file
management system with proper examples.

Ans2. A File Management System is like organizing information in separate files and
folders. Each file might contain specific data, and it's up to the applications using it to
manage how that data is stored and retrieved. For example, think of a simple setup
where student information is scattered across different text files—one for names,
another for grades, and so on. When you need to find details about a particular student,
you might have to search through each file individually.

Now, a Database Management System takes a more organized approach. It structures


data in tables, kind of like spreadsheets, and it uses a language called SQL for
interacting with the data. In our university database example, we'd have tables for
students, courses, and grades, all linked together. Retrieving information becomes
easier because we can use SQL queries to directly ask the database for what we need.
It's like having a more efficient and structured way of handling information, especially as
the amount of data and the complexity of relationships grow.

Q3. Explain the role of data model in DBMS and explain its all types.

Ans.The primary roles of a data model include:

Structural Definition: Defines the structure of the database, specifying the types of data
that can be stored and the relationships between them.

Data Integrity: Enforces rules to maintain the accuracy and consistency of data,
preventing errors and ensuring the reliability of information stored in the database.
Abstraction: Provides a conceptual framework that simplifies the complex reality of data
storage, making it easier for developers to design and manage databases.

Communication: Acts as a common language between database designers,


administrators, and users, ensuring a shared understanding of the data and its
relationships.

Types of Data Models:

Hierarchical Data Model


- This model organizes data in a tree-like structure with a clear parent-child relationship.
It's particularly well-suited for representing hierarchical relationships. An example of a
system using this model is IMS (Information Management System), often employed in
mainframe environments.

Network Data Model


- In the network data model, data is represented as a collection of records connected by
pre-defined relationships. It provides a more flexible structure than the hierarchical
model. An example is the CODASYL database management system.

Relational Data Model


- The relational data model organizes data into tables, commonly referred to as
relations, with rows and columns. Relationships between tables are established using
keys. Widely adopted in various systems, examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and
Oracle.

Entity-Relationship (ER) Model


- This model uses a graphical format to represent entities and the relationships between
them. It's primarily used for conceptual database design, offering a visual way to plan
and understand database structures. Examples of tools that implement this model
include ERWin and Lucidchart.

Object-Oriented Data Model


- In the object-oriented data model, data is represented as objects that encapsulate both
data and operations. It supports principles like encapsulation, inheritance, and
polymorphism. Systems following this model include ObjectDB and db4o.

Document-Oriented Data Model


- This model stores and retrieves semi-structured data in document format, such as
JSON or XML. It is particularly suitable for handling large volumes of unstructured data
efficiently. Examples of databases utilizing this model are MongoDB and CouchDB.

Q.4.Differentiate entity, entity type and entity set.

Ans4. Entity:

An entity is like a real-world thing or idea that we can point to and recognize, and we
can keep information about it in a database. For instance, in a university database,
entities might be "Students," "Courses," or "Professors."

Entity Type:

An entity type is like a group of similar things or ideas that have common features. It's a
way to categorize entities with shared characteristics and behaviors. For example, the
entity type "Student" includes all students in the database, each having details like
student ID, name, and address.

Entity Set:

An entity set is like a bunch of all the specific things in a certain category at a given
time. It's like a snapshot of all the instances of a particular type of thing in the database
at that moment. So, the entity set "Student Set" would be all the individual student
things currently in the database.
Q5. Draw the ER diagram for the following task:
A department controls a number of projects, each of which has a unique
name, a unique number, and a single location.
Q6. Draw the ER diagram for the following description;
We store each employee’s name (first, last, MI), Social Security number
(SSN), street address, salary, sex (gender), and birth date. An employee is
assigned to one department, but may work on several projects, which are not
necessarily controlled by the same department. We keep track of the current
number of hours per week that an employee works on each project. We also
keep track of the direct supervisor of each employee (who is another
employee).

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