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190 views130 pagesACI3 Manual Concrete Practice
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LasanthaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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/ 130
ACIMANUAL OF
CONCRETE PRACTICE
(7)
american concrete institute
BoX 19150.REDFORD STATION
DETROIT,MICHINGE 48219 ACIMANUAL OF
CONCRETE PRACTICE
(3)
american concrete institute
—
SN BoX 19150.REDFORD STATION
ee DETROIT,MICHINGE — 48219 Contents
HR
207.18
207.2R
207.38
207.4R
207.82
an
a4
301
302
3048
304.2
305
306
306.1
308
309
309.2
Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete
Construction and Tolerances
Commentary on Standard Specifications for Tolerances
yn and Tolerances
for Concrete Construc'
Nass Concrete
Effect of Restraint, Volume Change, and Reirforcement on
Cracking of Mass Concrete
Practices for Evaluation of Concrete in Existing Massive
Structures for ‘Service Conditions
Cooling and tnsulating Systems for Nass Concrete
Rotler Conpacted Mass Concrete
Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions -
for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete
Recommended Practice for fvaluation of Strength
Test Results of Concrete
Specifications for Structural Concrete for Buildings
Guide for Concrete Floor ard Stab Construction
Guide for Measuring, Mixing, Transporting and Placing Concrete
Placing Concrete by Pumping Methods
Hot Weather Concreting
Cold Weather Concret ing
Standard Specification for Cold Weather Concret ing
Standard Practice for Curing Concrete
Guide for Consolidation of Concrete
Identification and Control of Consolidation Related
Surface Defects in Formed Concrete 31L.AR
315
315R
SP-66
247k,
S06R
506.2
506. 38
SP-4
Guide for Concrete Inspect ion
Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforeenents
Manual of Standard Practice for hia
Reinforced Concrete Structures
Detalling Manual
Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
Recommended Practice for Concrete Forawork
Guide to Formwork for Concrete
Guide to Shoterete
Specification for Materials. Proportionine and
Application of Shotcrete
Guide to Certification of Shotorete Nozzlemen
Formwork for Concrete ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY 318/318R-321
APPENDIX A ~ ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD
CODE COMMENTARY
A.0- Notation
‘some notation definitions are modified from that in
jhe main body of the code for specific use in the
application of Appendix A
Ag = gross area of section, in?
4 = area of shear reinforcement within a dis-
tance 3, in
Ay = loaded area
J = maximum area of the portion of the support-
ing surface that is geometrically similar to
‘and concentric with the loaded area
by = perimeter of critical section for slabs and
footings, in
by = web width, or diameter of circular section,
in,
istance from extreme compression fiber to
centroid of tension reinforcement, in.
E, = modulus of elasticity of concrete, psi. See
85.1
E, = modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, psi
See 8.5.2
1é = specified compressive strength of concrete,
psi. See Chapter 5
Viz = square root of specified compressive
strength of concrete, psi
fe = average spliting tensile strength of light:
weight aggregate concrete, psi. See
514
4, = permissible tensile stress in reinforcement,
psi
specified yield strength of reinforcement,
Psi, See 9.5.3
design moment
‘modular ratio of elasticity
E/E.
design axial load normal to’ cross section
‘occurring simultaneously with V;to be taken
‘as positive for compression, negative tor
tension, and toinciude effects of tension due
to creep and shrinkage
‘spacing of shear roinforcement in direction
parallel to longitudinal reinforcement, in.
™ design shear stress
= permissible shear stress carried by con-
crete, psi
permissible horizontal shear stress. psi
design shear force at section
= angie between inclined stimups and longi-
tudtial axis of member
= ratio of long side to short-side of concen-
trated load or reaction area
xz o38
uno
Pass ss ACI STANDARDICOMMITTEE REPORT
~srasten-s22
CODE
= ratio of tension reinforcement
Pw
AlOwd
6 = Siiength reduction factor. See A2.1
A.1 = Scope
A.1.1 ~ Nonprestressed reinforced concrete mem-
bers may be designed using service loads (without
load factors) and permissible service load stresses in
accordance with provisions of Appendix A.
‘A.1.2 ~ For design of members not covered by Ap-
Bench: A, appropiate provisions ofthis code shal
ly.
A.1.3 - All appticable provisians of this code for non-
Prestressed concrete, except 8.4, shail apply to
‘members designed by the Alternate Design Method.
COMMENTARY
RA.1 ~ Scope
[As an alternate to the Strength Design Method of this
‘ode, the design provisions of Appendix A may be used
to proportion reinforced concrete members. fn the alte:-
nate method, 2 structural member (in flexure) is 50 de-
signed thatthe stresses resulting from the action of service
toads (without load factors) and computed by the suaight-
line theory for flexure do not exceed permissible service
load stresses. Service load isthe load, such as dead, live,
and wind, which is assumed actually to occur when the
smucture is in service. The required service loads to be
used in design are as prescribed in the general building
code. The suesses computed under the action of service
loads are limited to values weil within the elati range of
the materials so thatthe saight line relationship between
sess and strain is used. (Section A.5.)
‘The alternate method is similar to the “working sess
design method” of previous ACI Building Codes (e.g.,
ACT 318-63). For members subject to Mexure without
‘axial load, the method is identical. Major differences in
procedure occur in design of compression members with
fr without flesure (Section A.6) and bond stress and
development of reinforcement (Section A.). For shear,
the shear strengths provided by concrete for the Suength
Design Method are divided by a factor of safety and the
resulting permissible service load stresses restated in Ap-
pendix A (Section A.7)
In view of the simplifications permined. the Alternate
Design Method of Appendix A generally will result in
more conservative designs than those designs obtained
using the Strength Design Method of the code. Load
{factors and strength reduction factors of 1.0 are used for
both design and analysis. Also, design rules for propor
tioning by the straight-line theory for flewure have oot
been updated as thoroughly as the Strength Design
“Method for proportioning reinforced concrete members
RA. 1.1 - Design by Appendix A does not apply to pre
stressed members, (Chapter 18 permits linear stress-strain
assumptions for computing service load stresses and pra-
stress transfer stresses for investigation of behavior at
service conditions.)
RA.1.3 — All other provisions ofthis cove, except those
permitting moment redistnbution. apply to the Alternate
Design Method. These include cnntrol of deflections. ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
cope
[Ata ~Flexural members shall mest requirements
‘rdetiection contol in .5, and requirements of 10.4
through 10.7 ofthis code,
A.2~ General
A.21 ~Load factors and strength reduction factors
shall be taken as unity for members designed by
the Alternate Design Method.
A.2.2~ Members may be proportioned for 75 per-
‘cantot capacities required by other parts of Appendix
‘Avwhen considering wind or earthquake forces com-
bined with other loads, provided the resulting section
is not less than that required for the combination of
dead and live toad.
A23~When dead load reduces effects of other
toads, members shall be designed for 85 percent of
dead load in combination with the other loads.
A.3- Permissible service load stresses
-A.3.1 ~ Stresses in concrete shall not exceed the
fotlowi
4a) Fiexure
Extreme fiber stress
* in compression +1045 1%
(b) Shear
‘Beams and one-way slabs and footings:
‘Shear carried by concrete, ve.....1.1 VIZ
Fame ate cate ssc coe re ae a
31a/a1@A-323
COMMENTARY
istribution of Rexural reinforcement, as well as al ofthe
provisions related to slenderness effects in compression
‘members in Chapter 10.
RA. 14 ~ The general serviceability requirements ofthis
code, such a5 the requirements for deflection control
(Section 9.5) and crack control (Section 10.6), must be
met regardless of whether the strength method or the
ahernate method is used for design,
RA.2 ~ General
RA.21 — Load factors and streagth reduction factors for
determining safery in the Strength Design Method are not
used in the Alternate Design Method. Accordingly. load
factors and strength reduction factors ¢ are set equal t0
1.0 to eliminate their effect when designing by the alter-
rate method.
Wea using the moment aad shear equations of 8.3.3 and
Chapter 13, the factored load w, must be replaced by the
service load w.
RA.2.2 ~ When lateral loads such as wind or earthquake
combined with live and dead load govern the desige.
‘members may be proportioned for 75 percent of capacities
required in Appendix A. This is similar to the working
stress design provisions of previous ACI Building Codes.
which allowed a one-third increase in stresses for these
‘combinations of loads.
RA.2.3 - The 15 percent reduction for dead losd is re
quired for design conditions where dead load reduces th.
design effects of other loads to allow forthe actual dead
Joad being less than the dead load used in design. Ths
provision is analogous tothe required strength equation
(Eq. @-3)).
RA.3 ~ Permissible service load stresses
For convenience, permissible service load stessis are
tebulared. Compressive stress in concrete for Mexure
without axial load is limited wo 0.45/, Tensile stresses ir
reinforcement ae limited to 20,000 psi for Grade 40 a
‘50 steel and 24,000 psi for Grade 60 and higher strengt
steel. One exception of loog standing exists for one-way
slabs with clear span lengths 12 for less and ceinforcev
with No. 3 bars or welded wire fabric having a diamete:
not exceeding 3/8 in. For this design condition only, the
permissible censle stress is increased tothe lesser of 6.5)
{r 30,000 psi arast6R-a24
CODE
Maximum shoar
carried by concrete plus shear
reinforcement... -.......¥e +44 VEE
oistst
‘Shear camied by concrete, ve... 1.2 VIE
Two-way slabs and footings:
Shear carried by
concrete, ver eee
vale
8.
but not greater than 2-VFz
(c) Beating on loaded areat.. -O.5Ke
A.3.2 ~ Tensile stress in reinforcement f, shall not
exceed the following:
(a) Grade 40 or Grade 50
reinforcement........ 20,000 psi
(b) Grade 60 reinforcement or
greater and welded wire
+++ 24,000 psi
fabric (plain or deformed).
{c) For flexural reinforcement,
378 in. or less in diameter,
in one-way slabs of not
more than 12 Span, 2... se... + 4.0.50,
but noi greater than 30,000 pst
A.4— Development and splices of
reinforcement
A.4.1 ~ Development and splices of reinforcement
shall be as required in Chapter 12 of this code.
A.4.2 ~ in satistying requirements of 12.11.3, My
shall be taken as computed moment capacity as-
suming all positive moment tension reinforcement at
the section to be stressed to the permissible tensile
stress f,, and V, shall be taken as unfactored shear
force at the section.
A5-Flexure
For investigation of stresses at service toads,
straightline theory (for flexure) shall be used with the
foliowing assumptions.
ACI STANDARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
COMMENTARY
Penmissible stresses for shear and bearing are percentages,
of the shear and bearing strengths provided for strength
desig, The 10 percent inrease permite for jos by
4.1 of the code is already included in the 1.2Vfj value
for joists.
Clarification of the use of areas A, and Az for increased,
Dearing stress is discussed in RIO 15.
RA.4 ~ Development and splices of
reinforcement
In computing development lengths and splice lengths, the
provisions of Chapter 12 govern both methods of design
‘equally since, in either ease. the development lengths (and.
splice lengths as multiples of development lengths) are
based on the yield serength of the reinforcement. Where
(M, and V,, are referenced in Chapier 12. M4 isthe service
load resisting moment capacity and V, {5 the applied
service load shear force (without load factors) at the sec-
tion.
RA.S — Flexure
‘The straight-line theory applies only to design of members
in flexure without axial load. Since stresses computed
under the action of service loads are well within the elastic
range. the straigit-line relationship berween stress and
stain is used with the maximum fiber sess in concrete
limited (0 0.457 and the tensile stress in reinforcemest
limited to 24,000 psi for Grade 60 steel (see A.3.2)
Straight-line theory may be used forall sectional shapes
with or without compression reinforcement when axial
Toad is noc present. Sinee small axial compression loads ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
CODE
AS.1 — Strains vary linearly as the distance from the
neutral axis, except, for deep flexural members with
‘overall depth-span ratios greater than 2/5 for con-
tinuous spans and 4/5 for simple spans, a nonlinear
distribution of strain shall be considered. See 10.7 of
this code.
A5.2-Stress-strain relationship of concrete is a
Straight line under service loads within permissible
service load stesses.
AS.3- In reinforced concrete members, concrete
resists no tension.
AS.4— Modular ratio, 2 = E,/E, may be taken as
‘the nearest whale number (but not less than 6). Ex-
ccept in calculations for deflections, value of: for
lightweight concrete shall be assumed to be the
same a3 for normal weight concréte of the same
strength.
A5.5~ In doubly reinforced flexural members, an
effective modular ratio of 2E,/E, shall be used to
transform compression reinforcement for stress
computations, Compressive stress in such reintorce-
‘ment shall not exceed permissible tensile stress.
A.6- Compression members with or
without flexure
‘A6.4 ~ Combined flexure and axial load capacity of
compression members shall be taken as 49 percent
of that computed in accordance with provisions in
Chapter 10 of this code. :
‘4.6.2 Slenderness effects shall be included ar
‘garding to requirements of 10.10 and 10.11. In Eq.
(10-7) and (10-8) the term P, shall be replaced by 2.5
‘times, the design axial load, and shall be taken
‘equal to 1 .
‘A8.3- Walis shall be designed in accordance with
Chépter 14 of this code with flexure and axial load
Capacitis taken 8s 40 percent of that computed us-
idg Chapter 14. In Eq. (14-1), shail be taken equal
101.0.
A.7 - Shear and torsion
A7.4 — Design shear stress v shall be computed by
(At)
Xe
bd
318018R-225
‘COMMENTARY
tend t6 increase the moment capacity ofa section, small
axial loads may be disregarded in mast eases. When doubt
exists a 10 whether or not he axial compression may be
disregarded, the member should be investigated using
AG.
Deep flexural members must be designed in accordance,
with 10.7 of this code,
In transforming compression reinforcement to equivalent
concrete for flexural design, 2EYE, must be used in
locating the neutral axis and calculating momenis of in-
certia. The lesser of twice the calculated stress in the
compression reinforcement or the permissible tensile
stress is then used to calculate the contribution of the
compression reinforceraent in computing the resisting
rmioaient at service loads.
RA.6 - Compression members with or
without flexure
‘All compression members, with or without flexure, must
be proportioned using the Strength Design Method. This
deparmure froma the 1963 and previous ACI Building
Codes is to provide a more consistent factor of safety for
the full ange of load-moment interaction. Existing work
ing stress design aids fr columas do aot satisfy require-
ments of Appendix A.
‘he permissible service load capacity is taken as 40 per-
cent ofthe nominal axial load suength P, at given ec-
centicity (@ = 1.0) as computed by the provisions of
Chapter 10, subjectto appropriate reduction duc to effects
of slendemness, Use of 0 percent ofthe nominal strength
is equivalent to an overal safety factor Usd of 2.5
With the Alternate Design Method, P/¢b in Eq. (10-7)
«and (10-8) is taken as 2.5P when gravity loads govern and
as 1.87SP when lateral loads combined with gravity loads
‘govern the design, where P isthe design axial load in the
compression member.
RA.7 = Shear and torsion
For convenience. a complete set of design provisions for
shear is provided in Appendix A. ‘gtea1aR.a26
ODE
where Vis design shear force at section considered.
A.7.2-When the reaction, in direction of applied
‘shear, introduces compression into the end regions
of a member, sections located less than a distance
G trom face of support may be designed for the same
‘shear v as that computed at a distance d.
(A.7.3- Whenever applicable, effects of torsion, in
accordance with provisions of Chapter 11. of this
code, shall ba added. Shear and torsional moment
Strengths provided by concrete and fiiting maxi-
mum strengths for torsion shall be taken as 55 per-
cent of the values given in Chapter 11.
A.7.4~ Shear stress carried by concrete
A.7.4.1 ~ For members subject o shear and flexure
only, shear stress cartied by concrete ¥, shall not
exceed 1.1 Vf; unless a more detailed calculation
ig made in accordance with A7.4.4.
4.7.4.2 — For members subjectto axial compression,
shear stress carried by concrete v- shall not exceed
1.1 VfLunless a more detailed calculation is made
in accordance with A.7.4.5.
A7.4.3~ For members subject to significant axial
tension, shear reinforcement shail be designed to
ccany total shear, unless a more detailed calculatjon
is made using ;
veett{t soon ve 4
A,
where Nis negative for tension. Quantity N/A, shall
bbe expressed in psi.
A-7.4.4 — For members subject to shear and flexure
‘only, ve may be computed by
Sree MFG 1000S (Ry
but ve shall not exceed 1.9 VF Quantity Va/M shall
rot be taken greater than 1.0, where Mf is design
moment occurring simultaneously with V at section
considered.
A.7.45 - Formembers subjecttoaxial Compression,
¥, may be computed by
x
vg 1d ( + coms tv a4)
‘Quantity AWA, shall be expressed in psi.
ACI STANDAAD/COMMITTEE REPORT
COMMENTARY
“The permissible concrete stresses and limiting maxtenurn
sresses for shear are 55 percent for beams. joists. walls
and one-way slabs and 50 percent for two-way slabs aad
footings, respectively, ofthe shear and torsional mument
stengihs given in tie code for the Strength Design
Mewiod.
When gravity load, wind. earthquake, oF other iatera!
forces cause transfer of moment berween slab end col-
‘umn, provisions of 11,12.2 must be appljed with the
Prble stresses on the critical section limited ta those
prea in A773. ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
CODE
A.A. — Shear stresses carried by concrete ve ap-
ply to normal weight concrete. When lightweight ag-
gregate concrete is used, one of the folowing mod-
ieations shall anply:
{ay When fa is speciied and concrete is propor-
tioned in accordance with 42, fe¢6.7 shallbe sub-
stituted for Vz but tne value of f./6.7 shall not
exceed VF
(b) When fis not specified, the vaiue of VF; shall
be multiplied by 0.75 for “allightweight” concrete
and by 0.85 for "sand-lightweight” concrete. Lin-
‘ear interpolation is permited when partial sand
replacernent is used.
A.7.A.7 ~ Indetermining shear stress cartied by con-
crete ve, whenever applicable, effects of axial tension
ue to creep and shnnkage in restrained members
shall be considered and effects of inclined flexural
compression in variable-depth members may be in-
cluded.
A.T.5~ Shear stress carried by shear
reinforcement
4.7.5.1 ~ Types of shear reinforcement
Shear reinforcement may consist of:
(a) Stirups perpendicular to axis of member
{b) Welded wire fabric with wires located perpen-
dicular to axis of member making an angle of 45
deg oF more with longitutinal, tension reintorce-
ment
{e} Longitudinal reinforcement with bent portion
making an angle of 30 deg or more with fongit-
Pare
apres
‘= dopth of equivalent rectangular stress biock as defined
in 1027.1. Chapters 10 and 12
‘= shear epan, Gstance between concentrated load and
thea of support. Chapter 17
= marimum dofiecson under est oad of mornbr eave
10 a kre Jonny the ends of the span, of of he fee
dd of a caratever felava to is Suppod, in. Chapter
a
= eectve torsion srea of concrte surmounding a fax.
tral tension reidorcement and having tho sama cen
od as that ranloreamert, ivdiod by the number of
bars or wine, When the Nexaral reinircerent
onsite Of iret bat or wie sizes the murbers of
ars or wres shall ba computod as the total area of
ewnlorcement dit by th aroa ofthe largest bar oF
‘ee used. Craptot 10
(= ran of tat par of cross section between flexural
‘don facn and cartes of gry of gross Sacto, in?
(Ghaptor 18
f= area of en ictal bar, in Chapter 12
“2 area at com of spay rirgrcod
{compression mart?
romee to ctor Garatr Of pia in Chats 10
se of corre eon ring seat Cans. Chaser
a
acs of commen of smut itil etn fa eames
momen tibeeon eomeston i? fer Fg.
RuLt262 Oager tt
= sraaolcortactrfave bing iostigeed oration
ose Cage #7
= Goarenctonal aren ofa svc momén measured
Gato-ato eanoverserarcoment i? Chapter 21
ren of ocr ncton, rosin shear of an nd
Spero rere tegen nF ae
= at arom of coperein section bounded by wob hickness
fed lang of section inthe crocton of shear force
‘considered, i? Chapter 21
= aren of renirosmnont a bracket or corel resting fe
{ered moment, [Vee + Na{h ~ of] sa? Chopaer 11
bee wen of cig la? Grapes 15
= gross soe of secon, in¥ Chapa 9,10. 11, 14,15,
21, and Appar A
'= areal sheer reindorcorert paral to Berra fersion
Fenorcement, a= Chapter 11
= etlective cross cocsiona area within a join, in, see
218.31, ma plane poral to plane of reindoroement
sarin fo jore. Thojoint opm sabe me
ror ptt ofthe coker. Where abearn frames io
(Sept of anger wih the efietive width of font
shat nat excaed the amaler of:
1) oom wilh plas the jie opt
(0) tic bo saber perpendioutr distance nthe
3 Of Te bam a the cokamn sie.
‘See 2181. Chapter 21
1» ‘etal area of engin rcniorcoment to resist tosion,
In Chapa 11
(= rea ot rinkorcannert in bracket or corbet resisting ten-
Ba force Mn Chopaee 11
“ied of process pnoroamorn a taneion tone,
(Chapters 11nd 38
area ‘tension reinforcement, in?
of enprastressod
Chapa 8.10, 11, 12, and 18
= ara of compentioe wolorcemeat in? Cates 9,10.
an
= rma of compression reinforcement, in Chapter 8,9.
wd 18
= totat cose sectional area of ranaverse finiorsament
‘eclucng cron ea) mitin spacing # and perpendi-
iar daension hy, Chapter 2t
oP ep ee
318/318R-333
‘Ae = 20a of sin reinforcement por unt haight in one side
face, iv*M. Soa 10.5 7. Chapter 10
‘Ag = total area of longitudinal reinforcoman, (bars oF ston!
shapes) in? Chapter 10
Ay sronol sructutal steal shape, pip. or tubing ana eo:
poste section, it? Chaptar 10
A= breaclonelog ot actosed stmup resisting orsion within
‘ dtance si? Chaplet 11
Ay» tid cose sectional area of transverse reafarcement
(esi or be) witin a spacing sand porpendicuiat
pieces beg spo of depen? Char
12
= aren of tis within a cstance s.in?, Chapter 17.
{= yea shaw risorcamant witin adistance oF area
of sea randoroemert ne lleuraltension
rbforoomant wie distance 5 for deep llesucal
members, i? Chapters 11, 12, and Appernix A
= tren of sheartichor reinforcement, in? Chapter
1
= arozo shea reinforcement paralel to flexure tension
Feinorcaeet with a Gstanoo ay i. Chaptor 11
\= area of an extoidua win w be developed ar spliced.
in? Guapte 12,
loaded sewa, Chap 10 and Appendix A
1 fhe sree of bo tower Dave of fhe largest musum of a
Prraris, 6on8, OF tapered wedge contained wholly
‘wifin the support and havieg for ts upper base Me
{baded area, ad having side slopes oft verical to 2
‘evizntel. Chater 10
‘= maxioum area of the parton of he supporting surface
fats gooretscally smiar to arc concermne with the
acd arom. Append A
= woh of compression faon of member, in. Chapers 8,
9,10, 11,18
= etaciva compressive Range with ofa sructural marr
Dex Chaar 21
= perineor of crea socton for elaba and footings, in.
(Chopeoe 11 and Append A
= wettel hat pert of crocs encSor containing he closed
‘Simups resting tron. Chapter 11
(= eat of canes eocton af contact stace being inves:
‘ited for bortzorta sheer. Chapter 17
+ = wob with or lameter of ecitar section, in. Chapters
17,12, 21, at Appar A
= cctarce tom extee compression Mer to neutra!
‘225, Chapaor 10
‘uy, Gizmor frm ero ss of eral setin opesietet
Cop of etal seton. See Fig, RULAI26.2. Chapter I}
* ‘equivalent
a> Pp PD BP
>
ee
|
°
C= factor roating shear and torsona! svess properties.
Capit
-
iy
4 = detanca tram estome: oor to conrad af,
Aepsionrantrcamert in. pars 7,6, 9,10, 12, and
‘bppands 5 ‘ 31818394
7 88 $8 pa a ae
Poopp pom
‘= distance tom eareme compression Soe to coerid
‘Of noaprestessed tx von retorcemert, in. Chapter
8
= distance trom extreme compression feria control of
fengitudinai tension reinforcement, bu wed oct be
Jess tan 0.80h lor prestressed members, in. (For cz
ular sections, d need ot be las than the dace
From extreme compression Boer conoid of tess
‘wrdorcoment a opposia al ol meme. Chaar 11
{tom cxnzoid of ros ecine. Chaps 10
‘= aso of Napiran logit. Chapt 16
= toad gece of earthenuko, or related tana moments
sand forces. Chapirs 9 and 21
= modulus of elassty of concrete, psi Sev 8.5.1, Chap-
tors 8, 10, 19, and Append A
= mocks of elastoty of bears concrete. Chapter 13
= modules of stot o sien conor. Chap 13
fiona! stness of compression marti. See 65.
(00-10) aed (10-11. Caper 10
= modulus of elascty of rentorcemet px Sea 8 .20r
8.53. Chapters 8, 10, and Agpandts A
1 specited compressivs ster of conte, a. Chap-
iva. 5 68,00 1-12. 112i Popes
‘= svecge sagt to be wod as bt fr aceig eos
proportions, pi. Caer 4
= required. average ‘srongih of concrete
‘used asthe bass tr selection of enema proportions,
pai. Chapter 5
‘= square rot of spectied | seeagth of con
compressive
rete, pst Chapters 9, 1, 12, 18 19, and Appendis
a
“= Compressive srngtof arc tie ial pre
fess, po Chapt 18
= auare foot compressive sbengit cone a ime
Lina presvess. po Chap: 18
= horage Spang woke eng ot ten acre
ieee ps Cpe FZ ma Ape
= Teed ula it a sete ee ot
scion whers tence tres fs eased By eterly
‘Spied le, pel, Chapter 1
\= coripressia chess m canctee (ater amare or at
rears onsen) 3 carld of ras scsonresisng
sere cond ir it toting fa see
a.com
Fonte ect ets ma cae ses a
Fe 7a
.
ae?
erert a
be
ACI STANDARDICOMMITTEE REPORT
‘corweid of compacts section. oF atunction twa and
‘ange when tre carta es win the Fange, ve Lo
thet prosrecs ane moments resisted by precast hem
bor ating alone). Gage 1
= average compressive sss in concrete ue 10 ec.
‘ove presiress force oky {afer alowance for a pre
‘Bree loses), po Capt 18
= Compressive Sess in concrete due to ioe pre-
Stress reas oa ater stowance fr all prestens
{baven) at exrora foe ot secon where tenia sess
Beemsec by extenaly ppd 96s, pt Chaplar 11
= Seem prestemed renforcement« a1 orinal
. Soe text or nits, Capers 12 and 18
- ent svengh of pretessing tendons. ps.
Crapter 18
= nec of rapture of concrete, ps, Chapters 9 and 18
1 calulsted stress in rentxcemont et service toads, Ks.
= tecve ress in presressad reinforcement (ater a
lowance for al presress losses). See tert for una
Grape #2 and 18
> et ee of cre. Cr
1 Speoton yld sverg of mnpresuessed cence
IR 78901898 98 18.21 ar
= SiSiet tt seen of ranoverse rintrcomert
a hpi 21
= (ods dn © weight and proses of fs wih wee
(Seid reins tr coctraaDia eH Ne. OF
‘lated Woere mements and forces. Crater 9
= escalates of men Chger 8
Geert Backes of meer Craters 9, 10,1,12,
13.14, 18, and 20
\= Dictnees of sel o flied pit, in. Cater 19
= Gomaectona! dimension of colon come raasiced
‘canterteerser of exxtiing renorcament. Chapter
x
= ek ef mary cm cc of flo oof Chater
"= ‘enatdepth of shoathead cross section in. Chapter 17
‘> eaat height of wal tom base to tap, Chapter 19
height of entire wall (Saphragm) or ofthe segment of
— considored. Chega 21
(daptrage
‘= toads due to waht and presmure of so ator in so,
(or other eaters, ox related internal moments and
toroes. Chapter 9
(= wal facmed fn force acing win 2 ory, Chap
10
moment otis of secon resisting externety apps
factored toa, Chapter 11
|= tomer ofinerta abou! cemoida ais of gross tection
Of beam as defined i 132.4. Chapter 13
= rromert of herta of cracked section transformed 10
‘concrete, Captor 9
i= etctve monaert of inertia for computation of defiec
‘on, Chapter 9
“= moment ofmorta ofgrossconcrote section about co
ets ngecing revreoner, Chaps
1» momentotnerta sooutcortida assaf goss secon”
snp 4
= BAAZimes wich oF sab defined in wotations a ne Be
{is of member cross scion. Chapter 10 ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
se Gotti & nersa ol stuctural steel shape, pipe, oF
Toing abbet cereal axis of composte member
«oss secton, Chapier 10
Boe of ssured ees soon anlogoe to par mo-
on of inci. See Fig 1.1.6.2, Chaps 11
= fecrve lngth factor for compression members.
Chapter 10
ftlecive length factor. Chapler 16
‘robbie fheson enefiiet per foot of presiressing fen
don. Chapter 18
= flewral sufiness of Beam: moment per unit ftstion.
Chapter 13
= Tema sfiness of colurn; moment par nit rotason.
chaste 19,
2 Renu! soos a bonne of columa; moment per vit
rousion, See Fig. C. Chapter 13
{= furl snes atop of column; moment perwnicrotoa.
‘See Fig. C. Chapter 13
= Recunl sfges of equivelearcolame: momeat per weit
rosin. Chap 13
= Tonura) sires of slab: moment per unit rotation.
(Chapter 13
= toratonal sitnass of orional member; moment per
‘uni rotation. Chapter 13
‘a tasigeal sess of tainal vember wid parle! be:
‘moment per uit roan. Chae 13
2 SSantenginol beam or ane-vay sab, 2s dofinedin8.7;
Chapter 10
c= vets) ance becween por, in. Chap 1&
development lenge. Chapters 7, 12,19, and 21
ng for seal bar exes in
= inmum lenge, measured om joint tace along ax ot
rtoroe:
318/318R-235
4,» Geaporad en of oraesson meron chapter
f= lang of sheemead arm from centroid of concantraied
load or reacton, i. Chagtes 11
‘> hevtznta ange of wall in, Chapter 1t
tenn of enti wall (phragm) ora segment of wall
{Gapiregm) coradered ia rection of shoar force.
(Chapt 31
Tenge of peestressg tondon element from jacking
fed ory pest x S00 69. (18-1) ane (18-2). Chap
rts
longh of span in con that moments are being
Gotrinedk measured contarto-center of Suppor.
ne
rmansured canter to-
‘computed. Chapter 3
= facared momento be usar for design of compression
smorrbec. Chapter 10
= pom do wo ded load. Chaps 11
1 Gacy moment. Soa 25.2:3. Chater 9
troment causing Renu cracking at sncton due 0
textonaly applied foads See 11.421. Chapter 11
= tmocshed moment. Chapiec 11 +
toma] momest seca. Chaps 2,9, 11, 12, 18 and
apelin A
‘manana factared moment at section due to externas
‘ppd tre. Chapter 11
orninal moment steng® at secon, info Chapter 12
PORES ROBES
t
Abd ~ 2)
{oka factorid stasc moment. Chapter 13
rqured plaste moment sirenght of shearhead Cross
‘ecton. Chapeor 1t
‘iow ooo rnmat sreng. Chapicr 10
‘orton of eal gremect balanced by support moment
‘Grape 21
= Sed emer at scence 10, 11 ant
%
= mornert fesitance contibuted by shestead rein-
{eroomont. Chaptar 11
(pa wolfe ed mmcot on compreation men-
(rescue by cnovenonal lec fame nals, pS
[voit member bom in Single corvatre, seguive if bent
‘dbl carver. Cases 10
alc of larger eared ed ooment on compression c=
‘eaebmedbycomeninnt cee frame analysis, eat
FR REE FEE
'
&
&
'
‘postive. Chapa 10
y= Yaluect erie factored end moment an compression
(rome Gue to te laa thet rasull inno appreciable
‘Siesway, celedated by conventonal elastic frame
‘Seaiyais, postive d member is bent in single curvature,
eguive # bend ia doubia curvatra, Chapier 10
Mag = aon Of lager tactored end mnornent on compression
‘roreber duet loads ha rest inno appreciable ide-
‘Sway, coodsted by cowertionalolaste fara any
‘3. Chapter 10
y= val of larger factor end moment on compression
tromber due © feeds fat rmsuf in appreciable 312°
‘pray caleetrd by convertional elastic frame analysis
Chaar 10 ‘s1eraTeR-336
»,
«
3
canter of eomecutive soength res. Chapters
todutarrabo of elasticty. Append: A
Be.
roms of sss in cach Jet eee respectively. Chapter
3
‘rumba o bars a layer being pedo developed at
{ ctteal secon. Chaptor 12
Seagh axel load normal t2 t70ss section axcuing
Ssmultaneousy with V: 1 be taken as postive for com
pression, negative forlansion, and onde efecs of
tension due © creep and shrinkage. Appendix A
terele Ices n concrete due fo urfactored dead oad
(lu ive load (0 + £). Chaptor 18
facored axal load normal to cross secon occuring
sSrnutaneousty wit Yq tobe akon a8 postive for COM
pression, negative lor torsion, and ine eee of
fension due © creep and shrinkage. Chapter 11
factored onsite force applied at topo bracket or covbet
‘acing simultaneously wt Va, $9 be taken as postive
‘erctension. Chapter 11
rominel axial load strength at balanced sain cond
ions. See 10.32 Chapters 9 and 10
‘ical load, See Eq. (10-0). Chapt 10
fomana! wialioad strength at hn eccantty. Chap-
tas 8 and 10
‘pominal axial fed strength of wall designed by 14.6
Chet 14
‘omen aailoed stengih at zo ecoenticty.Chaptar
e
tondon foros sacking ond. Chace 18
‘eceedaledatgiverecmmcy =F. Cuter
‘presressing tendon force st any point x Charter 18
Sot pscton tac 1 fotos lomting. Cages 15
‘sabi index. Chapter 10
BPA Me
Fadia of gyration of cross section of a compression
‘he member, in. Chapter 17,
spacrg 0 trereverse rontorcarert measured song
Satpal ont mmr mane. OP
ter
pscing of sien rintorcement In Secon part 10
Iongrucina) rentorcoment, in. Appencts A
‘mitimum spacing of wandveree reiforcement, in.
(Chapter 21
spacngct ie tn demioder son meat
indir deviations calculated fom two est rcort, 1 and
2, rexpetively. Qupes 5
‘Spacrg of vertical reirlorcemart in wal, in. Chaptor
Faia wee standard Gvinon wi rs
Tred w crate Oe wanda evn, age 5
roves flocs of tmparaare, cep, SONOS
snd ateraean seam: Chae’ ©
{oreal nomen ag, Oper
‘emi lorsonal reert sgh pride by co
Grete. Chapter 11 ”
Tomina toreonel moment srengh. Cmgor 11
‘om orsana mart serge posed by son
rontrooment See 12.643, Gps 1
te
u
seess
¥
%
%
ACI STANDARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
‘= factored torsional moment at section. Chapter 11
required svengih © resist fares 196s or colatod
irternal moments and orcas. Chapter 9
‘design shear stress, Appendix A
Demssle snear suess camed by concrete, psi. AD-
pond A
Permissive hovaontal shear stress. psi Appendix A
Fomina seat sess, ps. see 11.1262, Chapter \t
torional shear sues: Chapter 1¥ +
(Govred shear sme Chaper (Vo *
heat lore. Chaper 12 ,
design shea force at section. Appendix A
ppomal shear svengh provided by concrete, Chapters
8.11, and21
‘= nomial shear stengn provided by concrete whan
‘agonal cracking reas from combined shear and mo
ment Chapter 11
_= nominal shear srengh provided by concrete when di
‘Sgonal cracking resus rom éxcasseve prncipal tensile
‘Sees in web. Chapter 1
= Shear force at secton due to untactored dead load.
Chapter 11
‘= cocign shear force cetarmined em 217.1.1. oF
BUA Grater 21
= lacored shear force at section due to extrfatiyanpiod
foade occuring simutaneousty wit Me. Chapter PP
‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
total angular change of presvessing tondon profi in
diane from tendon jacking end ta ary point x. Chapter
8
‘atio of Wenural stitness of boam section to flaxueal
Sitinoss of a wich of siad bounded laterally by con-
Terines of adjacent panels (¥ any) on each side of the
beam. Chapters 9 and 13,
Fea
Eade
Goof flexural selfs of columes above and below ibe
‘Tab to combine flexural sfes ofthe slabs an beams at
join ken inthe dicetion of Oe spar or which mocents
fe being determined. Chap 12
EK,
Hie +
content defining the relative contibution of eon:
Soja strength to wal strength, See &9, (21-7) Chapter
2
ati of lexura! sites of equivalent column to com
‘ined flexural stfiness of he slabs and beams a ajint
‘hen athe dracon of ie span tor which mements are
‘beng determined. Chapter 13
Kae
E+)
angie between shear-ricion riforcement and shear
plane. Graptes 11
‘verage value of a for allbeams on edges ofa pare,
‘Chapter 9
minimum ax 1 satsty 136.102) Chapter 13
‘Constam used to compute Ve slabs. Chapter 11
coaticent as a hineton of 12-29 11.6.10.1, CRep>
toe tt
‘tig of stfess of shearhead arm to surounding cm
posite slab secon, Sea 1,48. Chapter 11
fin wcton off. Chapter
(ein dirweton of f. Chapter 13
Fao of clear spans in long short ection of two-way
abs. Chapter 9
‘to ofdiganees onesie ans fon extreme tens er
fd from ernvoid of flexor uasionrenforceent. Chapter
10
Tato of long side to shor side of footing. Chapter
8
Taio of dead load per unit area to lve foad por unt area
{ir each case winout load factors). Cheaper 13
“= dain of ava of ronlorcemert cutoff 0 total arva.of
Tension reinforcement at secon. Chapter 12
‘abo of long side to short ie of concentrated oad oF
feacton area. Chaptor tf ani Appendix A
abo of maimum factored axial dead foad to maxi
frum total lactored aa! fod, where the load is de
{B gravty eftects only in te calculation of Pin Ea,
“(30-70 te rato el the mazimum factored.
Unter! bed to the maximur tot! factored lateral oad
in that story nha calculation of B, in Eq, (108). Chap-
ser 19.
Tato af maxima fctored des oad moment to maximum
{Getred wal toed rcment. aways postive, Chater 10
fconsiant used to compute ¥s ht prestressed slabs,
Chapter 11
‘alioc! torsional sttness of edge beam section flex
trad sitiness of 3 wih of tb equal io span tength of
beam. conteto-centa’ of supports, Chapter 3
£40
Eh
actor defined in 10.2.7 3. Chapters
factor defined in 10.2 7.2. Chapter 18
318/918R-337
fraction of unbalanced moment ransirred by texure
wot
Zhe” at slab colimn connections, See 12.332. Chapters
Mand 13
te = factor oe type «, essing tondon. Chapter 18
05S tr ppp 008s than 0.80
0.40 for fpy/fe not less tan 0.85
(0.28 tr fp oot less than 0.90
traction of unbalanced moment vansierred by ac&en-
icky of shear at staboolumn connections, See
1226.1. Chapter 11
-fy
= moment magpiiationfacter, Chapter 10
Be = moment magnifeatio tactor for ames braced
Spain scfesway, rect offects of member cua
ture between ends of compression member. Chaptor
0
r= moment magnification factor for tremes not braced
‘aganst scesway, © ‘elect lateral dof esutbog fom
lateral and grawty loads. Chapter 10
8, = factor defined by Ea. (195). See 19.6.10. Chapter
3
A, = dlasticly compaed frsvorie Intra deflection due 10
ea” tol coved ater fore acting within ase (epiectng
Pa effecs) a op of H4y flat to botom of 307.
Gupee 10
<= saa i eaion inreent. Chapter 10
ts
‘Teas = numberof identical ams of shearmead. Chapter 19
A Tutti for adeoral long-time detection as defined
amet 9.525, Chagter
I conection factor related to unt weight of concrete
Chaser 11
A= comrection factor related to unit weight of coneset
Chapier 17.
Hes © conlient of fcon, See 1.7.43, Chapter 11
jb = eurvanuretrion coaticant. Chapter 18
= Smedopendent facut for sustaned load. See 95.2.5.
tq Chapter 9
P= fate of ronprestrossed tension ceintércement, Chap
fon tees 8,10, 31, 18. 21. and Appendix A
= Auth
p° = ral of nonprestessed compression remn‘orcemart,
Grasse a
= Aid
p!= reinlorcemantratofornongrestressed compression
Ieloccerant, A’, /be. Cape 9
(p' = alo of compression roirlorcement. Chapter 18
= Alo.
pe = reilorcoment raS0 producing balanced stnin cond
‘ens. Soe 10.32 Chapters & and 10
fr = roo total reitorement area i coss-sectona! area
of coburn. Chapiar 21
px > alo of Porzoral shear reintorcament area to gloss
‘concrete aa of erica soctiba. Chapter 11
pe = ral ol vertical ches! reinforcement area (o gross cone
‘rele area of honzontal section. Chapter 11
ba = falc of detrbuted snaarreitorcement on a plane per-
pendieatar to plane of Ac. Chazte’ 21
fo = rao of proctessod reinorcament. Chapter 18
= Ayalbty
ba = alo al alums of spiral eenforcement 10 ical volume
‘of exre lovtiowut spl of» spiral reinforced com
‘Pregelon member. Chapter 10
be = Tato of volume of spl ceniorcement to the core vo
{ie confinod by Bh spiral reiniocoment (measured
‘outto-aug, Chapter 21
em Tol Addy. Chapter 10
Pe = ral of the te reiovcnmant ares 12 area of contact
swxtace
Aya. Chapter 17 s1a318R-338
>
yocre?
Aap{Ags whar0 Bayi the projection On ay area of
(Goriied sheer reintorcement crossing he plano of
‘Ace Chapter 21
Aub. Chapter 11 and Appendic A
sstenghrecucton lacior. See 9.3. Chapters & 9,10,
14, 16,97, 18, 19, and 21)
\Svengih reduction lector. See AZ.1. Appendix A
olf Chaser 18
‘ACI STANDARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
eo Be Chapter 18
fp Boal Chapter 18
Somat
‘Srinlorcement indicus for Nanged sections computed
5 [or w, a and a except that B shall bo te web
width, and feinforcement area shall be tat required
Sono caress seengtn ot web ony. Chepar
Exly = torsional section properties. Sea 11.6.1.1 and 11.6.1.2,
Chapter 11 ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY 318018R-339
APPENDIX C ~ METAL REINFORCEMENT INFORMATION
As an ald to users of the ACI Bullding Code, information on sizes, areas, and weights of various
metal reinforcement Is presented. :
ASTM STANDARD REINFORCING BARS
‘Namie! ‘Nowinal ‘Nominat
ear sizo, | ameter, wa ‘weight.
cs i ne BR
3 oats ‘on ‘0376
‘ 500 on a3
3 62s oat {oes
8 0730 oa toe
7 oars 260 ose
3 ‘1000 on zen
3 ss 109 a0
0 1z0 iz per
it ao 18 E13 -
“ 1608 25 730
% 2257 400 3600
ASTM STANDARD PRESTRESSING TENDONS
.
a
wee = |e | =
Sa-estoe te
= | aes | ee | tg
coeim | Seeag | Se |
mea | fe |
meas | Se | se
oe) | 0216 L om
seas} ress} om}
a
com | "aees| Se | 8
ees is
| a
= oe =
0250 oT
ozs | O20
a =
= I “2
(iain) 1 207
ue is
3 2
a
= g oe
(deleted) hve ao
3 2
‘Talay ot wane tan tm toad be respi aoa ACI STANDARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
(318/318R-340
‘ASTM STANDARD WIRE REINFORCEMENT
Tam oa a pone
No Carr corr 809
ee’ [etsy lele lee
vase [use [ie [om [om | os | oa2 fox
tow | ta | 12 | Ss j om | 8s | face [oa
sae [lg | tse | oa | os [ose | osse oa
tae | te [toe | ore | ase | eos | eae | ozs
sere | iat | oas | ore | oe | oss | cae [az
are | ise | oan | oe: | oat [os | cay fase
seo | tz | es | os | sao | am | oa fox
See | toe | om | ass tone foe
wis | ore | ast | ato | ces | age | oo | a Gist | ore
we | bu | see | amo | Soe | Ser | oS | Se ies | oie
we | om | So | Gi | aus | are | oso | ox Gree | ora
we [Ba | ame | ane | cae | cos | oa | o3e Gize |e
‘nas oa | ais | exe |oss | ac | oars Stas | 10s
wis’ | ow } sae | sr | saa | Seo | aw | 030 on [ove
wos sae | cos | Gee | os | om | tans erie | Sans
we co | dae | fom | case | os | ose | az Ss | 909,
Wes Gas | fos | aor fost | oat | ois Sie | ons
we co» | sa | oom | care | oa | cae | oa ose | 9a
ers aac | aos | oz | ca | om. | oz os. | Sars
wr or | oa | aow | cae | oe | om | oz Sem | oar
wes eae | sos | son | cas | can | aies Sere | dass
we os | ore | oom | cae |e | oz | oie Gore | o0e
Wes case | Goss | Gier | ose | cae | ares os | ss
we os | dae | ame | Si. fos | oz | are cos, | ons
wes sao | co | aus | oz {om | ans foe | odes
We? | ov | 5 | oso | ome faa | ox | ore Sea | eae
was ait 003s ong 021 014 | 0.105 0.082 | 0.099
va eis | geo | owe | oe | ore | oes Sooe | os
Wee aie | com | oom | Sit | eis | cca eas | doze
wes aie | ames | tess fais | cio | son Sex | ones
we ais | amo | eas | cre | oar | oor sexe | one,
wa aiss_| tae | cow | cae | cose | oee Sore [ete Expand Your Worizons
aad
‘parent te belp you keep your competitive eles.
“Thase malcrials range from publications oo Fens”
- eal aspects of concrete design and consbcton,
reer puding ones and prodnetion mesbods,
4p the scholarly, the theoretical, aod the aewest
Concrete in
odicals,
ee end Concrete Abstracts, available in
print and om emicroiche. Ai of this is erady and
Sabi to Exip sdive problems and keep you
‘technical Acenlopments...all at
up-to-date on
nowninal cost. Send for your fe catalog,
Conerete Institute, Membec/ Castomer Servi
Dept, P.O, Box 19150, Detroit, MI 48219-0150,
(3B) 530-250, FAX (313) 4-477.
Progress Through Koowterge
AMERICAN
CONCRETE
ae INSTITUTE ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
INDEX
poraptarea of cere, $6
es, 38
pconlraing, 33
“Aranvaining. 38
‘Betnion. 2:
‘Fataring, 38
“Rrr reducing 0.6
es. 33
‘Besnton, 24
Dgrnweighi—Dafintion, 21
Ramona macium sie. 33
envairing sinus. 38
‘Sarum cocts ones, 3
Jocian Sooety for Tost and Matra —S00 ASTM
‘Rrercan Wesing Socety—Sae AWS
‘jeaysia Motos 83
srckorage Detain, 2:
sector opment, 126
NeporageaPostionsiong, 18.18
sted andor. 18.19
Fours, AS
‘Perms sanion load sbesses, AS
‘Shows and torsion, AT
“ASM (arercan Soca for Testing and Mace)
Tancards ced in ts code, 3.0
sn Araran wing Soe sacar cen a ae
ealboad
‘Design assumatons, 102
Prndpies and requires, 103
“paily toaded membecs—Siab system support, 10.12
ase of srucure Detter, 21.1
Beam
jeu ticks, 95
“isrbaton ot Mesuralrinforcomiert, 10.6
| Grade—Wall—-Design, 143
weather soncreing. 6.12
3 elsents-—Definiion, 21.1
forcement spicas. 12.17
‘eloforeeeet tai. 7.8
namendea
Compost Hexural members, 17.1, 172
Deen, 24
Fenmorta sbwar sven. 17.5
“Shoeng. 173
Tan nzonal shear 1.8
‘Negatives moment reinforcement 12.12
‘Postve momant reintorsment, 12.11
‘Presvessog stand, 126
“Reinoreamont, 12.1
FRewtoreament—Aterata design method, A+
Spins, 1214 318318R.964
Sofie in colunn rislrcement, 12.17
hap retorcement, 1213
Ytied daormod wie abe, 12.7
‘Wetied datormed wie fete a tension, 127
reed pain wr abe. 128 :
‘Drop panol—Two-vay slab reinforcement, 124
Dues.
Pasttensioning, 18.18
“Spocing lita, 7.6 :
Ear pressure, 92
‘Enmtquake loads, 22, 92
Effective dept of sacton (f}—Defiritign, 2.1
Etfectve prosivass—Defnton, 23
Emoedded conduts and ppes. 63
Embeaimert—Development of reinforcement, 12.19,
Floor fish, separate, 2.12
‘Foors—Transmission of cokumn loads, 10.13
creuat oF polygon cobenns, 5:3
Trarster Gt oro a bane of ohare or pedestal, 15.8
Fomor |
Benge ot tas
Reroaer
Framea-~Prearessed conere, 1810
Grade, baam—Walls—Desion, 16.7
Grout—Bonded prestressing, 18.16.
Hauncties erect on
fect on sities, 8.8
Deveiopmont, 12.13
“Standard, 7.1
ACI STANCARD/COMMITTEE REPORT
Lora supports—Distance between for flexural mam
104
Lightweight aggregete, 3:9
LUghtwoight concrete
“Shae srengeh, 112
-Suuctral—Dafinton, 2.1
Liquid prassuve, itera, 82
Live iosd—See Losa, ive
Lead)
“Dead—Defniton, 24
‘Factored—Dottin, 2.1,
ALvemdrrangemert, 89
Live —Dafinon, 27
Service, 8.2 ‘ACI BUILDING CODE/COMMENTARY
Pedestal
‘Detition, 2.1
‘Pies and piers, 1.1
Fires
Embedded, 6.3
‘steel—Roinorcament, 35
pacing
"preperation o! place of epost. 8.7
‘te—Formmort. 6.1
Pacing equipment, 7
Pian conerele— Definition. 2.1
Pain reinforcoment—Delintion, 21
osttensioring~-Oetisen, 2.1
Pomzolans, 36
Precast concrete
‘Defion. 21
‘val panels—Design, 163
Preavossed concrete, 181, 182
-Apptcaion of prestrasing force; 1
“Compression merabers 18.11
“Cortosiog protection for unbonded tendons, 18:14
Defiition, 2.4
Delicton. 85
“Design assumptions, 18.3
‘Fagural mambors—Limits of reinforcement, 18.8
Paxural srength, 18.7
Frames and continuous onstucton, 16.10
Grout for bonded tandons, 18.16
“Postensioning ducts, 16.18
Protection for tandors, 18.17
Slab systems, 16.12
-Stacaly indelersinate strcaues, 10.10
