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Assignment 3 - Leaching

The document contains 7 assignment problems related to extraction of oil from various materials like meal, halibut livers, oil seeds, soybeans, etc. using different solvents like benzene, ether, hexane in continuous counter-current extraction systems. The problems involve determining number of extraction stages, composition of discharged solids, quantity of solvent required, based on data provided on solution retention by solids and oil content of solutions at different stages.

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Rutuja Pathak
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83 views

Assignment 3 - Leaching

The document contains 7 assignment problems related to extraction of oil from various materials like meal, halibut livers, oil seeds, soybeans, etc. using different solvents like benzene, ether, hexane in continuous counter-current extraction systems. The problems involve determining number of extraction stages, composition of discharged solids, quantity of solvent required, based on data provided on solution retention by solids and oil content of solutions at different stages.

Uploaded by

Rutuja Pathak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment-3 (Last Date of submission: 10/11/2023)

1. Oil is to be extracted from meal by means of benzene, using a continuous counter-


current extractor. The unit is to treat 1000 kg of meal (based on completely exhausted
solid) per hour. The untreated meal contains 365 kg of oil and 30 kg of benzene. The
fresh solvent consists 14 kg of oil dissolved in 590 kg of benzene. The exhausted
solids are to contain 55 kg of unextracted oil. Experiments carried out under
conditions identical with those of the projected battery, show that the solution retained
depends on the concentration of the solution as follows:

Concentration, 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7


lb oil/ lb solution
Solution retained, 0.500 0.505 0.515 0.530 0.550 0.571 0.595 0.620
lb/lb solid

Find the number of stages required


2. It is desired to extract the oil from halibut livers by continuous counter-current extraction with
ethyl ether. The quantity of solution retained by the granulated livers is given in the table:

kg oil/kg 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.72
solution
kg 0.205 0.242 0.286 0.339 0.405 0.489 0.6 0.672 0.76 0.81
solution/kg 5
oil-free liver
The halibut livers contain 0.257 mass fraction oil. If 95% of the oil is to be extracted and the
strong solution obtained from the system is to contain 0.7 mass fraction oil, determine:
(a) The quantity and the composition of discharged solids.
(b) Kilogram of oil-free ether required per 1000 kg charge of fresh livers.
(c) The number of ideal stage required.
3. Oil is to be extracted from meal by means of benzene, using a continuous counter-current
extractor. The unit is to treat 2000 lb of meal (based on completely exhausted solid) per hour.
The untreated meal contains 800 lb of oil and 50 lb of benzene. The fresh solvent consists 20
lb of oil dissolved in 1310 lb of benzene. The exhausted solids are to contain 120 lb of
unextracted oil. Experiments carried out under conditions identical with those of the projected
battery, show that the solution retained depends on the concentration of the solution as
follows:

Concentration, 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7


lb oil/ lb solution
Solution 0.500 0.505 0.515 0.530 0.550 0.571 0.595 0.620
retained,
lb/lb solid

Find the number of stages required (apply graphical method).


4. Crushed oil seeds containing 28 mass% oil is to be extracted with hexane to reduce the oil
content to 0.8 mass% in the underflow. One kilogram of the solvent is used per kg of the feed.
Using the extraction equilibrium data given in the table below, determine the number of stage
required.

kg oil/kg 0 0.09 0.15 0.25 0.30 0.39 0.45 0.55 0.61 0.65 0.75
solution
kg oil-free 2.05 2.04 2.02 1.99 1.965 1.93 1.90 1.80 1.76 1.72 1.6
solids/ kg
solution

5. Flaked soybeans are to be leached with hexane to remove the soybean oil. A 0.3-m-
thick layer of the flakes (0.25 mm flake thickness) will be fed onto a slowly moving
perforated endless belt which passes under a series of continuously operating sprays.
As the solid passes under each spray, it is showered with liquid which percolates
through the bed, collects in a trough below the belt, and is recycled by a pump to the
spray. The spacing of the sprays is such that the solid is permitted to drain 6 min
before it reaches the next spray. The solvent also passes from trough to trough in a
direction countercurrent to that of the moving belt, so that a truly continuous
countercurrent stagewise operation is maintained, each spraying and draining
constituting one stage. Experiments show that the flakes retain solution after 6 min
drain time to an extent depending upon the oil content of the solution, as follows:

Wt % oil in solution 0 20 30
kg solution retained/ kg insoluble solid 0.5 0.66 0.70
8
It will be assumed that the retained solution contains the only oil in the drained flakes.
The soybean flakes enter containing 20% oil and are to be leached to 0.5% oil (on a
solvent-free basis). The net forward flow of solvent is to be 1.0 kg hexane introduced
as fresh solvent per kilogram flakes, and the fresh solvent is free of oil. The solvent
draining from the flakes is generally free of solid except in the first stage: the rich
miscella contains 10% of the insoluble solid in the feed as a suspended solid, which
falls through the perforations of the belt during loading. How many stages are
required?
6. Oil is to be extracted from halibut livers by means of ether in a countercurrent
extraction battery. The entrainment of solution by the granulated liver mass was found
by experiment to be as shown in the table given below. In the extraction battery, the
charge per cell is to be 100 lb, based on completely exhausted livers. The unextracted
livers contain 0.043 gal of oil per pound of exhausted material. A 95 percent recovery
of oil is desired. The final extract is to contain 0.65 gal of oil per gallon of extract.
The ether fed to the system is oil free. (a) How many gallons of ether are needed per
charge of livers? (b) How many extractors are needed?

Solution 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.68


Concentration,
gal oil/ gal solution
Solution retained by 1 0.035 0.042 0.050 0.058 0.068 0.081 0.099 0.120
lb exhausted livers,
gal
7. Explain Leaching operation in detail with its industrial application.
8. Discuss the equilibrium curve and efficiency of a leaching stage.
9. Discuss the following types of leaching equipment
1. Percolation in closed vessels
2. Filter press leaching
3. Agitated vessels
4. Dorr classifier
5. Kennedy Extractor
6. Bollman Extractor

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