Scribd
Upload
50 views

Math 3 Integration Concepts

The document discusses anti-differentiation and integration. It defines anti-differentiation as the inverse process of differentiation and notes that the anti-derivative of a function is also called the integral. The document outlines some properties of indefinite integrals, including formulas for integrating powers and the addition of a constant term. It provides examples of evaluating indefinite integrals using properties such as linearity and power rules.

Uploaded by

Jared Lozada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views

Math 3 Integration Concepts

The document discusses anti-differentiation and integration. It defines anti-differentiation as the inverse process of differentiation and notes that the anti-derivative of a function is also called the integral. The document outlines some properties of indefinite integrals, including formulas for integrating powers and the addition of a constant term. It provides examples of evaluating indefinite integrals using properties such as linearity and power rules.

Uploaded by

Jared Lozada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Math 3 Engineering

Calculus2
Integration Concepts and Formulas
Anti-differentiation
• inverse process of determining a function whose derivative is known
• the required function is called an anti-derivative of the given function.
(Peterson)
• Given the derivative of a function, to find the function. The required
function is called an integral of the given derivative, and the process
of finding it is called integration.
• The given function is the integrand. (Love and Rainville).
Anti-differentiation
• Hence, anti-differentiation and integration mean same thing and the
anti-derivative is also the integral. Thus 𝑥 4 is antiderivative (integral)
of 4𝑥 3 , because 4𝑥 3 is the derivative of 𝑥 4 with respect to 𝑥.
• It is also observed that if any constant 𝐶 is added to 𝑥 4 , the sum
𝑥 4 + 𝐶 is also an antiderivative of 4𝑥 3 .

• Two functions 𝐹1 (𝑥) and 𝐹2 (𝑥) that have the same derivative differ
at most by a constant.
Anti-differentiation
• Instead of saying that 𝐹 𝑥 is an antiderivative of 𝑓 𝑥 , we
could say the 𝐹 𝑥 is an integral of 𝑓 𝑥 , and their
relationship could be expressed in the form
න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑥 + 𝐶

Where the symbol ∫ is an integral sign, 𝑓(𝑥) the integrand, 𝐹 𝑥


a particular integral, 𝐶 the constant of integration, and
𝐹 𝑥 + 𝐶 the indefinite integral of 𝑓 𝑥 .
Integration of Powers
(Properties of Indefinite Integral)

1. ‫ 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑑 ׬‬+ 𝐶
2. ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑎׬‬, where 𝑎 is a constant
3. ‫ 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬+ 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬‬+ ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑔 ׬‬
𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
4. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ 𝑛+1
+ 𝐶, 𝑛 ≠ −1
Problems for Illustrations
1. ‫ ׬‬2𝑥 −2 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬−2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −2 +1
= 2 −2 +1 + 𝐶
= −2 𝑥 −1 + 𝐶
2. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 − 6𝑥 + 4 𝑑𝑥
= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 𝑑𝑥 − ‫ ׬‬6𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥
= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬3 𝑑𝑥 − 6 ‫ 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬+ 4 ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬
1 4
= 𝑥 − 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 𝐶
4
Problems for Illustrations
3. ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 + 1 2
𝑑𝑥
= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 + 2𝑥 2 + 1 𝑑𝑥
= ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬4 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬2 𝑑𝑥 + ‫𝑥𝑑 ׬‬

1 5 2 3
= 𝑥 + 𝑥 +𝑥+𝐶
5 3
Sample Problem
2
1+ 3𝑥
Evaluate ‫׬‬ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
Substituting 𝑥 1Τ2 for 𝑥 and writing the integrand as a sum
1 + 2 3𝑥 + 3𝑥
න 1 Τ 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
න 𝑑𝑥 + න 2 3 𝑑𝑥 + 3 න 𝑥 1Τ2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1Τ2
‫ 𝑥 ׬‬−1Τ2 𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬2 3 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬1Τ2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1Τ2 𝑥 3Τ2
= 1 +2 3𝑥+3 3 +𝐶
2 2
= 2𝑥 1Τ2 + 2 3 𝑥 + 2𝑥 3Τ2 + 𝐶

You might also like