101) Give name of four Java framework

Answer: Spring, Hibernate, Struts, JSF are some well known Java framework

102) Can you explain Hibernate framework?

Answer: Hibernate is Object Relational Mapping tool (ORM) that simplifies java application
development and interacts with database. It implements Java Persistence API for data
persistence.

103) A type of testing in order to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interaction
between integrated components is?

Answer: Integration Level Testing

104) Identify type of testing wherein we subject the target of the test, to varying workloads
to measure and evaluate the performance behaviors and the ability of the target and the
test to continue to function properly under these different workloads?

Answer: Load Testing

105) What do you ask for in order to purchase computer?

Answer: There are few questions listed below we should ask ourselves and find their answers
before deciding on purchase of computer,

1. Desktop or Laptop? – If you get same performance from laptop as well as desktop, it
would be cheaper to purchase desktop, in case you can manage steady workstation and
space where you can concentrate on your study or work. Otherwise if you are required to
carry your machine under BYOD (Bring your own device) policy, able to manage power
cables along with you to and from the work on daily basis, laptop may be right choice.
2. What is a processor you are looking for? – What Processing power are you looking for,
number of cores, speed of processer, data handled, etc. What is a main purpose of
purchasing a computer, for study, some assignments, or remote work as a developer or
tester? or for searching over an internet, for watching movies or play games.
3. How much RAM and why? – Random Access Memory or RAM help to speed up the
things, multitasking like loading applications, browsing internet, image editing or
experience graphics effect in gaming.
 4. Hard Drive and their capacity, how much you really want? – In order to store more files,
you need more storage, desktop will have more storage capacity than laptop. Based on
Gigabytes of Hard drive you install, you pay more.
5. Peripherals – Peripherals like USB ports – how many do you need? For
keyboard,headphone, printer etc.
6. HDMI for viewing Television with TV tuner if you want to view it over your computer,
7. SD slot – SD card in case you want to keep your pictures, process these photos etc. you
may need them, with extra price.
8. Wi Fi – In case you want to connect your pc with wifi for internet or wifi enabled
speakers
9. Bluetooth – In case you are looking for connecting various appliances using Bluetooth.
10. What Operating System Mac OS, Windows or Linux – What operating system you are
comfortable using your computer in, type of software loaded, remote work like tech
support will only require Linux operating system, where as windows may be helpful for
various User friendly applications, but may get virus if not protected with antivirus
software.
11. Play Game, or watch movies or Search internet? What is your purpose of purchasing will
matter on how much you should spend after it.

106) What is a Difference between Regression and Retesting?

Answer: The difference between Regression and Retesting is explained below

Regression testing is the testing of an application that verifies that there is no adverse effect of
the changes made due to defect fix or change request to other areas of application. regression
testing involves test cases other than those that are related to defect or change as per client
request, but it also tests features that directly or indirectly connected with the feature that was
rectified by developer against the defect raised, such as integration tests, test case related to web
components and their functions along with those involved directly with defect raised. Regression
testing is usually carried out using automated scripts by selecting test cases and re executing the
scripts to run those test cases.

Retesting is a testing to make sure that previously failed test cases due to defect are passed and
the defect has been resolved. The test cases involved in retesting focus only on the failed test
cases due to the defect or the scenarios or steps followed result in failed functionality. It is better
to carry out manual testing in case of retesting to make sure that defect has actually been
resolved.

107) What is a difference between Debugging and Unit testing?

Answer: Debugging and unit testing are both carried out by developers, but in case of
debugging, code in focus is verified by debugging tool line by line for any syntax or
programming level issues such as runtime or compile-time exceptions or capturing and
transferring data through lines of code.

Unit testing is a testing of a unit or program for validating functionality carried out by developer,
essential to carry out to minimize bugs found at later stage like integration or system testing.
These testing are known as White Box testing.

108) What are Unit testing techniques?

Answer: The various unit testing techniques are listed below

 Statement Coverage
 Decision Coverage
 Branch Coverage
 Condition Coverage
 Control Flow
 Data Flow

109) How do you decide which test cases to consider for Regression Testing?

Answer: selection of test cases for regression testing for the build received from release, should
based on following scenario priority for testing those test cases that were failed due to defect, on
testing if they are passed. All integration tests, boundary value scenarios, testing functionality of
components related to defect, end to end tests that involve change request or resolved test cases
after release, should be considered for regression.

110) What is a Difference between Integration Testing and System Testing?

Answer: The difference between system testing and integration testing is listed below

System testing is a test level after unit tests and integration tests in software testing life cycle,
where application as a whole is tested end to end for functional as well as non-functional
requirements. It is performed after integration testing. Usability, performance, scalability and
security testing are involved.

Integration testing is testing of interconnected units and their interfaces, the data flow between
these units and to make sure that feature is working as per expected. it is carried out after unit
testing. Various test approach like top down, bottom up or hybrid integration are carried out
during testing.
111) What are the various contents of a Test Plan?

Answer: Test plan document should include following details

 Features to be tested
 Features not to be tested
 Approach like should we test manually, automated scripts, test techniques (white,black or
grey box)
 Criteria for Failed tests / pass tests
 What condition for suspending test activities
 Test environment such as hardware, software, network etc.
 Man hours estimated while testing
 specific training required, Risks involved, any assumptions or dependencies

112) Do you know Exploratory Testing?

Answer: Tests that are carried out while exploring an application, and learning about the
business requirements are called exploratory testing. These tests are carried out by manual testers
without referring to any test cases or test scripts. Exploratory tests are carried out by experienced
Software testers based on their previous testing expertise thereby test cases are designed during
test execution. Test steps carried out should be noted In case of any defect found during
exploratory testing, as there is no test cases and test steps written to carry out exploratory testing.

113) What is Prototyping? What are the various types?

Answer: software prototype is an application with limited features. prototype gives an idea of
how software is going to look like, input pages, output reports, ready to get feedback from end
users for any flaws and usability issues.

Software prototype types are listed below

 Horizontal prototype
 Vertical prototype
 Throwaway prototype
 Evolutionary prototype
 Incremental prototype
 Extreme prototype
114) What are SDLC phases?

Answer: The Software Development Life Cycle consists of following phases

 Requirement Gathering and Analysis

 Design
 Coding
 Testing
 Deployment
 Support

115) List some of the SDLC models used in software development?

Answer: famous SDLC models usually followed by companies depend on the requirement.

Waterfall, Iterative, V-model, Spiral, Big Bang, Agile

116) What kinds of reviews are conducted during SDLC phase?

Answer: Types of software reviews are

 Software Peer Review is a detailed examination of low level and high level design
documents by one or more individuals working on the project to find and resolve errors
or defects in application during early stages of SDLC.
o Code Review – review of code by peer developer will ensure that functionality is
met with as expected; there are no memory leaks or dead code which is not
utilized while coding.
o Pair Programming – Is a process where same portion of code is developed by pair
of developers individually and then most efficient code is finalized.
o Software Management Review – The project head verifies project progress, status
of plans and their status, infrastructure allocation to test and develop the
application during management review.
o Software Audit Reviews is an independent examination of product, process,
assessment with compliance to specifications.

117) What is the role of Metrics in Testing?

Answer: Software Testing Metrics is a quantitative measure that helps in estimating progress,
quality and well being of software testing efforts. This helps in improving efficiency and
effectiveness of software testing processes.
118) What are key challenges while testing a software application?

Answer: Some of the challenges of testing a software applications are listed below

 Test entire application – It is virtually impossible to test and verify entire application with
each and every scenario. Even one of the seven principles of software testing says,
“Exhaustive Testing is Not Possible”.
 Relationship with developers: Tester’s responsibility to check for any defects in the
software and how to break an application, it becomes tough to keep amicable relationship
with developers
 Regression testing: In every build released from developer, tester has to check entire
application for end to end functionality every time along with resolved defect and
components or units that are integrated that may get affected due to change request or
resolved defect.
 Testing always under time constraint: All the stack holders keep an eye on how the built
has came out, testers has to quickly start testing the build with sanity test, smoke test and
regression tests as send their observations as soon as possible.
 Which tests to execute first? – Based on available timeline, and complexity of modules,
test lead has to distribute testing like user interface or feature testing using script
automatically and regression and integration tests manually. Non functional testing using
tools like load runner, API testing using Postman or REST assured. Regression tests
using selenium and mobile testing using Appium.
 Understanding the requirements: There should be a walkthrough and review of software,
domain knowledge, how to test features etc. is mandatory for each member of tester.
 Decision to stop the testing: Testing manager should explain testers when should testing
be stopped, based on what critical bugs should get resolved, any blockers affecting
feature pending by developers.

119) Explain your views about Quality.

Answer: Software Quality work begins before the testing phase and continues after the software
is delivered. It is utmost important to deliver quality product to the end user, this will impart
confidence, reliability, long term partnership regards to the quality of product.

Quality is doing the right thing, doing it the right way, doing it right the first time, and doing it
on time without exceeding cost.

120) What is the advantage of using any bug tracking tool?

Answer: Main objective for using bug tracking tool is to deliver high quality software product
by keeping track of defect discovered and track these defects till it gets resolved, Improve Return
on Investment (ROI) by reducing cost of development, when quality product is developed, so
that it will have more reliable quality product, satisfied customers with long loyalty. Product and
Project team can keep a track of detect Issues Earlier and understand defect trends in ongoing
software development.

Better Communication, Teamwork and connectivity amongst stack holders about software
quality.

121)Explain about website Usability testing.

Answer: website usability testing is to measure and understand how web visitor would
experience navigating website to verify its features, accomplish their tasks and any pain points in
doing so.

122) What are defect attributes?

Answer: various properties in order to measure defect quality or nature in software can be
known as defect attributes, Defect attribute are properties that determine extent of damage due to
the defect on the software application. for example severity, priority, type of defect are some of
the examples.

123) What is pesticide paradox?

Answer: pesticide paradox is a principle wherein same set of test case if executed again and
again over interval of time, then these test cases are not capable of identifying any new defects in
the system. in order to overcome this effect, the set of test cases are regularly reviewed and
revised to make them effective.

124) Explain V model.

Answer: V model is a SDLC methodology where software development instead of moving

downwards like waterfall model, moves downwards and then back upwards in V shape, starting
with requirement analysis, system design, module design, unit testing, integration testing, system
testing, user acceptance testing
125) What is the difference between Web application and Client Server Application?

Answer: Client Server application is distributed on at least two systems, Client and Server where
client has visual pages like input forms, validation for valid data before sending requests to
server and output pages as response from server. Server has all business logic, database storage
where request received from client machines are responded back after processing through logic
and database tables, procedures. Client Server applications require LAN connection and
Database Drivers so that they are connected whenever request is sent for response. Some
examples are ATM machine, Banking software, and Stock Trading etc.

Web application are built in one server with all front end files, back end and processing logic
placed on single web server, various technologies such as HTML or ASP with Javascript or JS
libraries are used for front end design, where as back end storage and processing is done on
server in class files and DB procedures and tables. web application are accessed using web
browser, hence it require internet in addition to web application files placed on web server.
examples of web applications are Amazon, Flipkart and Snapdeal online portal, Gmail, Saavn
online music streaming services

126) What is Localization testing?

Answer: Localization testing is validating software that is customized for users for specific
language or country. Where user interface will be displayed in english are translated into the
country specific local known language, in addition the currency and time denomination and any
instructions are displayed in locale language. in addition the software should support entering
language specific text using virtual keyboard. e.g. tamil for andhra pradesh state. or mandarine
for china country specific.

127) What is difference between Black box testing and White box testing?

Answer: In case of White box testing it is mandatory to know internals of software applications,
such as structure, program functions, implementation of how data flows between components.
The tests covers white box testing are unit testing and integration testing. These tests are
performed by developers, and it is mandatory to know programming and implementation
knowledge, the test is based on design document provided by design team. Various testing
techniques used in White box testing are Statement Coverage, Branch coverage, decision
coverage, path coverage.

Black box testing does not need any understanding about internal structure of application, the
tests coveres black box testing are system and acceptance testing, testing is based on requirement
document received from product team. Various testing techniques used in Black box testing are
Equivalence partitioning, Boundary value analysis, Decision table testing, and Error Guessing.
128) What is the difference between Authentication and Authorization give an example.

Answer: Authentication is verify logged in user’s genuineness, in real world you were required
to show photo identity documents such as Aadhar card, Driving licence, PAN card or Passport in
order to receive documents addressed to you from courier, know your account balance at your
bank.

whereas authorization is verifies what module access rights the logged in user has. real life
examples are You are allowed to explore feature of an application based on your trial period,
once you become registered user by paying the registration fees, you can access more features of
the software.

129) Other than functionality what else you should test in Web Application?

Answer: In addition to functionality and feature testing, we should test browser compatibility,
security tests for authentication and authorization rights, latency – how long it takes to load a
web page, or request to come back as a response, load testing based on number of users logged in
during peak hours, and scalability testing.

130) How you know that testing is enough?

Answer: The criteria and conditions are specified in exit document that guides us on when
testing should be stopped. When most of blockers and critical bugs have been resolved and
application has performance in acceptable limits, we can stop testing. This is however based on
some risk that have to be undertaken and time limit.

131) How will you test the reports?

Answer: It is important to prepare report on the testing activities and their end result on regular
basis to the management. It helps to analyze quality of tested product, and based on the end
result, the decision to release the product or hold back till its quality improves, can be taken.

Instead of oral confirmation or denial about the software quality discussions, the report will give
written evidence of test status, summary of defects logged into bug tracking system. number of
tests carried out, test method, what steps taken, deviation observed between actual and desired
expectation.
132) What is Database? Which database you are aware of?

Answer: Collection of data that can be accessed referred and manipulated in order to use in an
application. relational database, nosql database, cloud database, distributed database, object-
oriented database, graph database are database types.

You can inform the interviewer about name of database you have worked on or are aware of.

133) Can you name some of Relational database?

Answer: some examples of relational databases are sqlserver, oracle, mysql, IBM DB2,
postgreSQL.

134) Can you name some of nosql database?

Answer: some examples of Nosql databases are – ElasticSearch, Mongodb, Couchdb, Cassandra
db, HBase.

135) Can you name some of cloud database?

Answer: some examples of cloud databases are – amazon S3,RDS, dynamoDB,Redshift,SAP,

Azure

136) Can you name some of distributed database?

Answer: some examples of distributed databases are – teradata, exadata,SAP Hana

137) Can you name some of object-oriented database?

Answer: object-oriented database – smalltalk, LISP in Gbase, COP in Vbase

138) Can you name some of graph database?

Answer: graph database- Neo4j, amazon neptune,

139) What is Database Testing?

Answer: Database testing is a testing of database entities such as schema, tables, views, triggers,
stored procedures, partitions created on tables, indexing. we should be proficient in SQL queries.

140) What do you mean by Cookies?

Answer: cookies are small text files that contain web visitor information such as websites
explored, pages visited, visitor’s ip address to identify already visited user.

141) How do you test Cookies?

Answer: cookies are small text files that contain web visitor information such as websites
explored, pages visited, visitor’s ip address to identify already visited user. There are various
types of cookies,

 Session cookies – user navigating websites actively, once they leave particular site,
session cookie disappears.
 Tracking cookies – are used to keep record of multiple visits that was made to same
particular web site.
 Authentication cookies – whether a a valid registered user has logged in again and if so
with what name?

142) What are Stored Procedures?

Answer: In relational databases, use of parameters, variables and output parameters to design
procedure which has data processing in order to incorporate business logic for expected result.

143) How many types of Joins are in sql?

Answer: the Joins are of following types in SQL

 Inner Join
 Left Join
 Right Join
 Full Join
  Self Join

144) What are DML and DDL commands give example.

Answer: Data Definition Language (DDL) commands in SQL are create database, schema,
constraints, users, tables etc. DDL commands are CREATE, DROP, RENAME and ALTER

Data Manipulation Language (DML) commands in SQL are insert, update, and delete records
from database tables. DML commands are INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE

145) What is Normalization?

Answer: Normalization in SQL is a process of eliminating useless repeated data from tables,
ensuring data dependency makes sense in final tables.

146) What is Primary key and Foreign key?

Answer: Primary key is a type of constraint applied on particular column values in order to
uniquely identify a record (row) in the table. A column value should be unique (can not repeat),
and can not hold null values.There can only be single primary key per database table.

Foreign key is a type of constraint applied on the column value which already exist as a column
in another table with primary key constraint applied on. Foreign key value can accept multiple
null values. there can be multiple foreign key in single database table.

147) What is RDBMS?

Answer: RDBMS stands for relational database management system, where relational database
refers to storage of data in structured manner in row and column format.

148) What is difference between delete & truncate?

Answer: Delete is a DML command whereas Truncate is a DDL command, with delete
command applied on table record(s) records will get removed, records removed using Delete
command can be recovered with Rollback command.
Using truncate command, records along with table structure gets removed from database schema,
WITHOUT recovering the table again.

149) What design documents you receive from PM?

Answer: Low level Design and High level Design documents are received from Project
manager.

150) What are documents are created in Design phase?

Answer: Design Documents such as Low Level Design, High Level Design documents created
by developers and design team explaining data flow in application or modules using UML
diagram.

151) What challenges you have faced in testing so far?

Answer: This one is a tricky question; interviewer wants to know first hand information from
you about your weakness in handling difficult or crisis situation. Answering this question like
what is your weakness – you need to keep yourself specific and not to lament problem or
difficulties or show any kind of annoyance or hatred for particular stack holder or reporting
manager, collegue or developer or some process. You can explain situation however, but should
end your statement explaining how you were successful in controlling the situation.

152) Realizing you won’t be able to test everything – how do you decide what to test first?

Answer: There are a situation where testing a new build is allotted a bare minimum time, or you
are given several tasks or projects to look into. In such case, where you can not able to
completely cover all the scenarios of testing, you can focus on main functionality and features
released and check if any critical or blocking defect should not be present in an application
during regression tests. Usability, functionality, security, performance are few testing that should
be carried out either using scripts automatically or test manually.

153) What is SQA?

Answer: Software Quality Assurance (SQA) is a set of activities that validates that the software
being designed or built, meets desired quality measures and specifications. Test Assurance team
has tasks like auditing and training the stack holders about standards for quality that software
should satisfy as per user expectations.

154) What are the contents of defect report?

Answer: A defect report should inform description about the defect.

 Which version or build of software release being tested during which defect occured
 Which is the module name, how to access this module (path), what were the steps carried
out
 What was the functionality affected, how severe you think the defect is
 Name of the tester who discovered the defect, name of the developer to whom defect has
been assigned,
 Test case affected mapped to requirement specification document ids and number of test
cases that may not be tested due to the defect.

155) What is Big Bang type of testing?

Answer: Big Bang test type is an integration tests where multiple modules are being tested
simultaneously which may get affected due to change request or defect if any. This helps
exploring software with end to end functionality and gives tester an idea about features included
and functionality carried out using the software.

156) What is Traceability Matrix & Coverage Matrix?

Answer: Traceability Matrix & Coverage Matrix is a document that is mapped with software
requirement documents and test case or scenarios all in single document. The purpose of such
document will ensure that the entire requirements have been covered by test cases and there is no
feature or functionality that has been left unchecked.

157) What is UAT and Alpha and Beta Testing?

Answer: User Acceptance Test (UAT) is a final test by end user or client’s representative before
software is handed over to production environment. It is an end to end functionality testing and
verify that proposed features have been included in the software. User Acceptance test are
essential as end user will test and verify the application, to make sure that the developer has
incorporated the features and functionality expected by end user in the software. In addition
change requests asked for have been properly incorporated by developers.
158) List OOPS features?

Answer: The OOPs features are as listed below

 Inheritance
 Polymorphism
 Encapsulation
 Abstraction

159) What is Hot fix?

Answer: HotFix is a workaround which can be some sort of configuration change in order to
resolve an issue that could occure in running application or server, with minimum downtime.

160) Where Exit and Entry Criteria are written in Test Plan?

Answer: Entry criteria are written document without referring to which one cannot begin any of
the SDLC phases. In order to begin SDLC phase Requirement document and complete flow
diagram of the application as well as Test Plan should be ready and available. An exit criterion is
the detailed document that decides moving from current phase of SDLC to the next phase. In
order to exit SDLC phases test cases should be written and reviewed, test data has been
identified and ready to use, scripts for automate the execution of test cases must be ready.

161) What are different scenarios for verifying Email address?

Answer: In order to verify email address, the front end tester should consider following criteria

 Email address may contain alphanumeric characters as initial portion,

 special character allowed are dot (.), underscore (_), in initial portion,
 there should only be single @ symbol separating local part and domain
 Domain name may end separating dot (.) with net, org, com and edu as well as country
specific characters eg. in for india, ca for canada.

162) What is the query for update table?

Answer: in order to change column value in the table based on condition, the query is as given
below

UPDATE table_name

SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, …

WHERE condition;

163) If there is mistake in company Logo, what is Priority and Severity Justify your
answer?

Answer: Mistake in company logo on a product, does not impact its functionality or working, as
well as buying or selling activities of product, the defect has low severity. But, this defect will
impact greatly brand identity and impact how user will interact or may take as duplicate product,
hence such defect is of high priority.

164) What is A/B testing?

Answer: A/B testing is comparing two version of same product, for difference in user
experience, performance and any changes that are evident during tests. e.g. comparison of
features of microsoft’s word 95 and word 97.

165) What is Test driven development?

Answer: When requirements are specific to test cases, such that code can be improved or defect
in code can be fixed in order to meet with the requirements, such kind of development is known
as test driven development. The test cases are designed around various scenarios to cover the
expected requirements.

166) Explain error guessing with an example.

Answer: Based on testing experience, testers design their test cases or scenarios, such method or
tests which are exploratory in nature, in order to locate defect in software, are called error
guessing.
167) In bug life cycle, who opens the bug?

Answer: In Bug Life Cycle, Developer opens the bug which was logged in bug management
tool by a tester, and assigned to respective developer by development head for fix.

168) What is Compatibility, Multiplatform and Configuration testing?

Answer: Compatibility testing involves testing software and their compatibility with standards,
platforms, transfer of data, all possible combinations can be verified using different operating
systems, web browsers for same hardware, how functional and non functional features behave.
Multiple platforms such as operating systems, network and hardware and their combination used
as test environment and how performance of software will behave can be tested.

Configuration testing involves verifying parameter set up for various computer components such
as PC, components, peripherals, interfaces, graphic cards, device drivers are composed of variety
of configurations. With help of installation guide and manual we can verify configuration of
various parameters in various hardware and infrastructures.

169) What are Session and Cookies and what is difference between them?

Answer: Cookies and Sessions are small text files that store information.

Cookies Sessions
Sessions get stored at both client machine as
Cookies are stored only at client machines
well as server.
Cookies are independent of session Session is dependent on cookies.
Cookie expires based on lifetime set by user Session ends when user closes web browser.
As HTTP is stateless protocol, cookies track Sessions store important information such as
application state using small text files on user’s user id on the server and are used to pass data
computer i.e. client. values from one page to another.

170)What is Mutation testing?

Answer: Mutation testing is white box testing usually conducted in unit testing level, by
changing few statements in source code and validate using debugger. objective of mutation
testing is to assess test case quality based on fault based test strategy that fails mutant code while
debugging.

171) Difference between Ad-hoc & Exploratory testing

Answer: Exploratory as well as Ad-hoc testing should be carried out by experienced testers for
validating critical application that requires early iteration so to test if the application satisfies
essential functionality or not.

Following is the difference between Ad-hoc and exploratory testing

Adhoc Testing Exploratory Testing

Exploratory is formal tests are carried out by
Ad-hoc is an informal test that can be carried experienced Software testers based on their
out without referring to requirement previous testing expertise thereby test cases are
specification documents for the application designed during test execution. There is no test
being tested. case or scenario created during exploratory
testing.
While exploratory tests, both positive as well as
negative tests should be tested thoroughly,
Ad-hoc tests primarily tests negative scenarios

You can learn more about exploratory testing please visit https://www.qafox.com/importance-of-
exploratory-testing/

172) Difference between HTTP and HTTPS, Explain how the data is secured in HTTPS?

Answer: HTTP is short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, when you enter http:// in your browser,
you inform browser to allow connection via http protocol which is TCP (transmission control
protocol), in order to send and receive data packets over the web.

HTTPS is short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, when you enter http:// in your browser,
you inform browser to allow connection via http protocol over secured connection encrypted by
transport layer security.

173) Have you heard of Agile Methodology? Explain?

Answer: Agile is a process or a framework where a small team develops and tests customer
requirement assigned to them in their order of priorities to be accomplished in the small interval
in agreement with client representative from the team.

To learn more about Agile terminologies please visit https://www.qafox.com/agile-environment-

and-terminologies/
174) What is scrum?

Answer: Scrum is a term used in agile environment of software development where stack
holders that develop product meet daily to discuss about Work and its Progress like what task is
done, what is being worked upon, what are the difficulties delaying the progress. Scrum meet
ensures the team member especially product owner about the status of the work completed and
backlog.

175) What is sprint?

Answer: Sprint is usually period of 3 to 4 weeks in which team members have to complete their
assigned tasks along with any change request. This is spread across entire software development
life cycle, with every new sprint starting after completing task of previous sprint.

176) What is epic?

Answer: Epic is product feature which are broken down into achievable smaller tasks known as
user stories in sprint interval. Epic are completed on incremental order of user stories achieved in
sprints.

177) What is product backlog?

Answer: The product backlog comprises a list of new product features, changes in any of the
features or functionalities, bug or defect fixes, changes in hardware infrastructure in order to
enable the team to achieve a specific outcome. A close eye on product backlog is kept by the
scrum master and product owner. This helps in defining burn down reports. Product backlog
results in a count of pending tasks that are recurring over a couple of sprints.

178) What is burn down report?

Answer: Burn down Report is A pending task from user stories during sprint interval due to any
reasonable reasons specified by developer, against the time interval. Product owner help to
remove impediments due to which tasks are being delayed or left pending.
179) Have you used any Configuration Management tool?

Answer: I have assisted DevOps team occasionally and have used Chef and Puppet tools for
Configuration Management of their infrastructure.

180) Do we always need to do regression after retesting?

Answer: Retesting is required to verify that the test cases failed in previous release, are passed
after the defects are fixed.

Regression is mandatory to verify all relative or dependent modules and integration tests that are
intact even after defect is fixed or after change request.

You need to retest the portion of application where defect was fixed. This may be a portion of
tests in regression testing. Experience says, it is safe to do regression after retesting as to make
sure that other portions of software are intact and not affected after defect fix.

181) What is Web server, which web servers you know?

Answer: Web server is an infrastructure that uses hypertext transfer protocol to respond client
requests over internet. Its main function is to store, process and deliver web pages requested to
web site visiters. In addition web server also supports Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) protocols for email, file transfer and storage. Microsoft Internet
Information Services (IIS) and Apache Tomcat are some examples of a web server.

182) What is Inter-system testing? Have you done that?

Answer: When various systems are internally connected with each other and can access or
exchange information as well as process one system with another system as interface. Real Life
example is ATM machines, if you have account in State Bank of India of any branch and you
have SBI debit card. You need to withdraw cash immediately, you have ICICI bank ATM
machine near you. You insert SBI debit card in ICICI bank ATM machine, you enter your
credential, the system will internally access SBI server and verify your authentication details
along with account balance. When you request the amount to be withdrawn, ICICI bank ATM
machine will dispense the cash requested for. with amount remaining in your SBI account.
Another example is you can access and use all banking related functionality from different
branch of SBI bank across India.
183) What is a build? What is the release?

Answer: The software build is application compiled and integrated in order to get tested by
software testers. Release is deploying software with new version deployed to the customer, it has
additional features that were absent in previous release, and change request requested by
customers using previous release.

184) What is production server?

Answer: production server is a server used to host website contents such as front end pages, css
files, javascript files, backend tables, sql files, procedures etc. integrated and deployed so that
end users can access them through their website address using browser and internet, or download
on their mobile for using the features of application.

185)What is Recovery Testing?

Answer: Recovery testing is to test how quick the application is recovered after it has gone
through system crash or hardware failure. Tester can change interface, protocol, firmware,
hardware, and software configurations as close as the actual conditions. Recovery tests after
hardware restored will be tested for getting application again coming back and start running as
before. The expense and risk to carry out recovery testing may be substantial and prohibitive for
smaller startup companies.

186) What are the properties of a good Requirements Document?

Answer: The requirement should be feasible, completely explained in requirement specification

document. There should be single requirement, easily read and understood by non technical
people, should not contain definitions, reasons for need of requirement. The requirement should
not have any guess work or any confusion (e.g. for how long, 50% or more) should not conflict
with other requirements, must include same terminology across document, Can be achieved with
existing technologies, met within the schedule.

187) What is Accessibility Testing?

Answer: Accessibility testing is a subset of usability testing, is a process of testing an amount of

ease of using the application by disabled individuals. Based on the type of disability various tests
are carried out on software to check accessibility features designed specifically for disabled
either manually or automatically using tools.
The objective of accessibility testing is listed below

 To make sure that application or software can be used by a disabled individual with ease,
 To verify that the software is in compliance with the laws formed over requirements for
accessing software by disabled individuals.
 To make sure that there is no legal action against the software provider in the future

188) How can you make your software ready for accessibility?

Answer: Screen Readers like JAWS, NVDA, VoiceOver, Window-Eyes, and Digital voice
recorders of brands like EVISTR, OLYMPUS WS-852, Zoom, Tascam and SONY can be
integrated with software to add accessibility feature for disabled individuals

To learn more about accessibility testing visit https://www.qafox.com/importance-of-

accessibility-testing-for-disabled/

189)What is Jenkins?

Answer: Jenkins is an open source automation tool that help devops to automate build, test and
deploy, integration and delivery of software, whenever multiple developer tries to commit his/her
source code and code is built, build status will be notified to developers such as which commit
has defect in case, next when the build is deployed over to test server any integration issue if any
will be reported to developer for any drawback or failed build. Jenkins a tool that automates
Continuous Integration, Deployment, feedback to developers, defect in build can be resolved
immediately.

190) What is an Insurance?

Answer: Insurance is a protection or risk management against any unforeseen events such as
theft, accidents, illness, damages of properties, due to loss of life in the form of sum total of the
amount by paying the premium for the coverage and claim in case of incident or after maturity

191) What are some of the types of insurance?

Answer: Some of the insurance types are Life Insurance, Term Life Insurance, Retirement plans,
Health insurance, Home Insurance, Automobile Insurance, Travel Insurance, Commercial Assets
Insurance, and Mobile insurance.
192) How many types of banking have you heard of?

Answer: Banking is divided largely into Retail banking, Corporate banking, Investment
Banking, Internet or net banking, and Mobile banking.

193) What is retail banking?

Answer: Retail banks provide liquidity, an amount of money for spending and investment in
form of treasury bills(currency). In addition to save and invest individual and their families
finances, offer credit (loans) to purchase homes, cars, and other expenses. They also offer credit
cards based on their repayment history. debit card so that people can withdraw cash from ATM
machines, or shop groceries, clothing or things of need at point of sales using debit or credit
cards and cash management such as demand draft, ECS, RTGS/NEFT, cheques payment.

194) What is NetBanking?

Answer: Digital Banking – customers who have their accounts in banks can access various
financial services offered by retail banks any time using the internet. Viewing account statement,
fund transfer, online shopping by payments and confirming OTP (one-time-password) in order to
verify the transaction is authenticated by the account holder, apply for loan, credit cards,
investments like mutual funds, cumulative investments etc. various other services like cheque
book request, online password changes, credit card payments, viewing transactions statements.

195) Name some digital payment platform

Answer: Users can make cashless payments with global digital payment platforms such as
PayPal, Visa, MasterCard, Amazon, E-wallets, Bancontact, and Indian payment platforms such
as CCAvenue, PayTM, Google Pay, PhonePe, BHIM, etc.

196) What entities are present in health care domain?

Answer: Following are the entities in health care domain applications

 Insurer– health insurance policy providers who look after all the medical treatment
expenses for policyholder.
  Policy holder– one who is covered for the sum insured amount of medical expenses by
paying the premium to the insurer
 Provider– healthcare professional, a registered doctor or physician treating a patient, a
policyholder for his illness.
 TPA– is an interface between policyholder and insurer company, who processes the
claim for the medical treatment charges and reimburse them to the facility, hospital, and
medical doctor.
 Broker– is an agent that sells the health insurance policy to the customer against the
premium amount for the sum insured healthcare expenses covered under the policy.

197) What are the seven layers of OSI model in network?

Answer: OSI model contains 7 layers starting with Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport,
Session, Presentation, and Application Layer

198) What do you mean by protocol?

Answer: Protocols are set of rules or procedures that are already agreed by the software
industry, for transmission of data between resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors
of electronic devices like desktop, laptop computers, mobile phones, printers, electronic devices
like digital cameras, DVD players, smart televisions etc

199) What are various types of e-commerce sites?

Answer: The various types of ecommerce sites are Business to Business (B2B), Business to
Consumer (B2C), Consumer to Consumer (C2C).

200) What are system integration test types?

Answer: System Integration test types are Big Bang Integration, Top Down Integration, Bottom
Up Integration, and Sandwich /Hybrid Integration.