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Time Harmonic Signals and Fields

This document provides an overview of time-harmonic signals and fields: - Time-harmonic signals and fields can be represented in both the time domain and frequency domain using phasors. In the frequency domain, the signal is represented by a complex voltage or current that is time-independent. - Properties like time derivatives and time-average power can be calculated using the phasor representation while omitting the time-dependent term. - Time-harmonic electric fields can be represented by a complex electric field vector phasor that depends on position but is time-independent. - Throughout the course on microwave engineering and antennas, signals and fields will be assumed to have a time-harmonic, sinusoidal behavior and analyzed using these

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Denis Carlos
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121 views7 pages

Time Harmonic Signals and Fields

This document provides an overview of time-harmonic signals and fields: - Time-harmonic signals and fields can be represented in both the time domain and frequency domain using phasors. In the frequency domain, the signal is represented by a complex voltage or current that is time-independent. - Properties like time derivatives and time-average power can be calculated using the phasor representation while omitting the time-dependent term. - Time-harmonic electric fields can be represented by a complex electric field vector phasor that depends on position but is time-independent. - Throughout the course on microwave engineering and antennas, signals and fields will be assumed to have a time-harmonic, sinusoidal behavior and analyzed using these

Uploaded by

Denis Carlos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microwave Engineering and

Antennas

Time-harmonic signals
and fields

Bart Smolders, Professor


Department of Electrical Engineering
Center for Wireless Technology Eindhoven
Time-harmonic signals and fields

Objective of this lecture

• Signals in the time domain


• Frequency domain and phasors
• Time harmonic fields
Time harmonic signals
Voltage in time domain V0
=v(t ) V0 cos(ωt + ϕ ) t
1
ω = 2π f , ϕ phase offset T=
f
v(t ) = Re V0e jϕ e jωt 

= Re Ve jωt 

V: Time-independent complex voltage (phasor)


Frequency-domain representation of the voltage
Time harmonic signals

Usage and properties


jωt
We will omit the term e when working
with phasors

Time derivative
∂v (t )
= Re  jωVe jωt 
∂t
Time-average power
i(t)
Dissipated power in load
+
pi (t ) = v(t )i (t ) Instantaneous power v(t) ZL
-
T
1
Pav = ∫ v(t )i (t )dt Time-average power
T0 v(t ) = Re Ve jωt 
T
1 i (t ) = Re  Ie jωt 
= ∫
T 0
V I cos(ωt + ϕ1 ) cos(ωt + ϕ 2 )dt
V = V e jϕ1
1
= Re VI * 
2 I = I e jϕ2
Time harmonic Fields

Time domain Electric field vector of a plane wave in free space


   
E ( r , t ) E0 ( r ) cos(ωt − k0 r + ϕ )
=

Position vector wavenumber r= r
    jωt
E ( r , t ) = Re  E ( r ) e 
Time-independent complex Electric field vector (phasor)

    jϕ − jk r
E ( r ) = E0 ( r ) e e 0
Summary
• In the entire course we will
assume time-harmonic signals
and fields
• Time domain and frequency
domain representation of signals
• Scalar and vector quantities
• Time-average power

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