Scribd
Upload
34 views

Lab Manual Correct

Professor, I apologize but I do not have access to the equipment described in this lab manual. As an AI assistant without a physical form, I am unable to perform the experiments or make direct observations and measurements. My role is to summarize and discuss the key concepts and objectives described in written documents.

Uploaded by

Dewan Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
34 views

Lab Manual Correct

Professor, I apologize but I do not have access to the equipment described in this lab manual. As an AI assistant without a physical form, I am unable to perform the experiments or make direct observations and measurements. My role is to summarize and discuss the key concepts and objectives described in written documents.

Uploaded by

Dewan Iqbal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Lab Manual

Submitted By:
Muhammad Dewan Iqbal
Submitted to:
Engr. Abid Hussain Chohan
Roll Number:
2k19-ELE-
Section:
109 P-2
Batch:
2k19-23

NFC Institute of Engineering & Technology,


Multan Department of Electrical
Engineering
List of Experiments CLO’s
1 CLO-1,2,3,4
Introduction of Communication System and basics of
Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analyzer.
AM Modulator and AM Demodulator CLO-1,2,3,4
2
3 DSB-SC and SSB Modulator and DSB-SC and SSB CLO-1,2,3,4
Demodulator
5 FM Modulator and FM Demodulator CLO-1,2,3,4

6 PM Modulator and PM Demodulator CLO-1,2,3,4

7 PAM Modulator and PAM Receiver CLO-1,2,3,4

8 PWM Modulator and PWM Receiver CLO-1,2,3,4

9 PPM Modulator and PPM Receiver CLO-1,2,3,4


CLO-1,2,3,4
10 ASK modulation and ASK demodulation
CLO-1,2,3,4
11 FSK modulation and FSK demodulation
CLO-1,2,3,4
12 PSK modulation and PSK Demodulation
13 TDM Multiplexer and TDM De multiplexer CLO-1,2,3,4

FDM Multiplexer and FDM De multiplexer CLO-1,2,3,4


14
To Transmit and receive three separate signals (Audio,
15 CLO-1,2,3,4
Video and Tone) simultaneously through satellite link.
To Transmit and receive function generator waveform CLO-1,2,3,4
16 through satellite link.
To change different combination of uplink and CLO-1,2,3,4
17 down link frequencies and to check the communication
link satellite Communication
Communication System (EE-324)
Experiment No 1
Objective:
Introduction of Communication System lab and basics of Oscilloscope and
Spectrum Analyzer.

Theory:
Program Learning Outcomes (PLO):

PLO 1: Engineering Knowledge:


An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.

PLO 5: Modern Tool Usage:


An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling,
to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the
limitations.

PLO 9: Individual and Team Work:


An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted
and /or multidisciplinary settings.

PLO 10: Communication:


An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on complex
engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at
large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear
instructions.

Cognitive (Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs):


1. Remembering
2. Understanding
3. Applying
4. Analyzing
5. Evaluating
6. Creating

Psychomotor:
4-Mechanism:
This is the intermediate stage in learning a computer skill, learned responses have become
habitual and the movement can be performed with some confidence and proficiency.
5-Internalizing values (characterization):
Has a value system that controls their behavior. The behavior is
pervasive, consistent, predictable, and most importantly, characteristic
of the learner.

Main Instrument Used in LAB:


 Oscilloscope
 Spectrum Analyzer

Oscilloscope:
An oscilloscope is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze
the waveform of electronic signals. In effect, the device draws a graph of the
instantaneous signal voltage as a function of time.

Usage:
A typical oscilloscope can display alternating current (AC) or pulsating direct
current (DC) waveforms having a frequency as low as approximately 1 hertz
(Hz) or as high as several megahertz (MHz). High-end oscilloscopes can display
signals having frequencies up to several hundred gigahertz (GHz). The display is
broken up into so-called horizontal divisions and vertical divisions (vert div).
Time is displayed from left to right on the horizontal scale.
Instantaneous voltage appears on the vertical scale, with positive values going
upward and negative values going downward.
Spectrum Analyzer:
A spectrum analyzer is a device that measures and displays signal amplitude
(strength) as it varies by frequency within its frequency range (spectrum). The
frequency appears on the horizontal (X) axis, and the amplitude is displayed on
the vertical (Y) axis. It looks like an oscilloscope, and in fact, some devices can
function as either oscilloscopes or spectrum analyzers.

Usage:
Setting the frequency: To set the frequency of a spectrum analyzer, there are two
selections that can be made. These selections are independent of each other and
on different controls or entered via a keypad separately:

 Centre frequency: The Centre frequency selection sets the frequency of


the Centre of the scale to the chosen value. It is normally where the signal
to be monitored would be located. In this way the main signal is in the
Centre of the display and the frequencies either side can be monitored.
 Span: The span selection is the extent of the frequency coverage that is to
be viewed or monitored when using the spectrum analyzer. The span may
be given as a bandwidth per division on the graticule, or the total span that
is seen on the calibrated part of the screen, i.e. within the maximum
extents of the calibrations on the graticule. Another option that is often
available is to set the start and stop frequencies of the scan. This is another
way of expressing the span as the difference between the start and stop
frequencies is equal to the span. Reducing the span will allow better
resolution of the signal, allowing close in components of the signal to be
seen.
 Top and bottom frequencies: As an alternative to setting the span and
the Centre frequency, many analyzers offer the capability to enter the start
and stop or top and bottom frequencies for the sweep.
 Gain and attenuation adjustments: There are other controls to use on a
spectrum analyzer. Most of these falls into one of two categories. The first
is associated with the gain or attenuation of sections within the spectrum
analyzer.
CLO-1 CLO-2 CLO-3 CLO-4
PLO-1/C-2 PLO-5/P-4 PLO-9/A-5 PLO-10/A-2

Conclusion:
I have learned in this lab about PLO’ s with Cognitive, Psychomotor
and effective domain related to Communication System. Secondly, I learned about the
working principle of oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer which are the basic tools.
Experiment No 2

Objective:

To verify and analyze Amplitude Modulation and


Demodulation in time and frequency Domain.

Apparatus:
1) Modulator (model ETEK ACS-3000-02)
2) Demodulator (model ETEK ACS-3000-02)
3) Wires
4) Oscilloscope
5) Probes

Theory:
In amplitude modulation (AM), we utilize the amplitude of audio signal to
modulate the amplitude of carrier signal, which means that the amplitude of
carrier signal will be varied with amplitude of audio signal. The waveform of AM
modulation is shown in figure 1-1 and its block diagram is shown in figure 1-2. In
figure 1-2, we know that in order to generate the AM signal, we just need to add a
DC signal with the audio signal, and then multiply the added signal with the
carrier signal.

Figure

Figure 1.2
fc= carrier signal frequency fm=

audio signal frequency

m=modulation index=Am/Vm

Adc/Vdc= DC signal magnitude

VC/AC= carrier signal amplitude

Figure 1.3

Procedure
1. Refer to the Signal waveform of the amplitude modulation
(Figure 1.1) and Block diagram of AM modulator (Figure 1.2).
Circuit diagram of transmitterAM modulator (ACS3-1 on
ETEK ACS-3000-02 module).

2. By using oscilloscope, observe on output signal waveforms of the pin


1 (TP3), pin 4 (TP4), pin 8 (TPl), and pin 10 (TP2) of the balanced.
Modulator. Then record the measured results in table.

3. By using oscilloscope, observe on output signal waveforms of AM


output ports (AM O/P). Adjust VR1 so that the signal at AM O/Pl is
maximum without distortion. Adjust VR\ so that the modulation
indexes of the AM signal reach50 %. Then records the measured
results in table 1.1.

4. By using oscilloscope, observe on output signal waveforms of the


mixing (TP5 and TP6) of the balanced modulator and the bias
operation point (TP7). Then record themeasured results in table.

5. By using spectrum analyzer, observe on the frequency spectrum of AM O/PI, AM


O/P2, TP5 and TP6. Then record the measured results in table.
Output Signal Ports Output Waveform
TP1

TP3

Measured Results(Table 1.1)

You might also like