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Chapter 1 Chemistry Igcse Summary

The document discusses states of matter, phase changes, and key concepts in chemistry. It defines solids, liquids, and gases, and phase changes like sublimation, deposition, evaporation, and condensation. Pure substances have precise melting and boiling points, unlike mixtures. The kinetic particle theory holds that all matter is made of particles that are constantly moving, with their freedom and arrangement depending on the state of matter. Atoms are the smallest particles, and molecules are groups of atoms bonded together.

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51 views1 page

Chapter 1 Chemistry Igcse Summary

The document discusses states of matter, phase changes, and key concepts in chemistry. It defines solids, liquids, and gases, and phase changes like sublimation, deposition, evaporation, and condensation. Pure substances have precise melting and boiling points, unlike mixtures. The kinetic particle theory holds that all matter is made of particles that are constantly moving, with their freedom and arrangement depending on the state of matter. Atoms are the smallest particles, and molecules are groups of atoms bonded together.

Uploaded by

taliaamjad771
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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chemistry revision chapter 1

Sublimation: solid to gas


Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
Deposition: gas to solid
Fluid: able to flow/ gas and liquid
Evaporation: liquid to gas
States of matter: solid liquid and gas ;
Condensation: gas to liquid
Solid: fixed volume, high density, has definite shape, doesn’t flow
Melting: solid to liquid
Liquid, fixed volume, moderate to low density, no definite shape, flows
Boiling :liquid to gas
Gas: no fixed volume, low density, no definite shape, flows
Freezing: liquid to solid
Volatile: describes a liquid that evaporates easily

Pure substance: single chemical element or compound , m.p and b.p at a precise temperature

Boiling point of water is 100c, ethanol’s is 78c

If a substance isn’t pure, it will have a different MP and bp Saturated solution: a solution
that contains as much
Main points of the kinetic particle theory:- dissolved solute as possible
-all matter is made up of small particles

-particles are moving all of the time, the higher the temperature the faster they move

-freedom of movement and arrangement of the particles are different for the states of matter

-the pressure of the gas produced by the atoms or molecules hitting the walls of the container

Atom: smallest particle of an element

Molecule: group of atoms held together by a covenant bond

Gas: particles arranged irregularly, far apart, they move randomly

Liquid: closely packed together, irregular arrangement, able to move around

Solid: packed closely, regular arrangement (lattice), not able to move they can only vibrate

Intermolecular space: the space between atoms in solid and gas

Intermolecular forces: weak attractive forces between molecules

Exothermic :when heat is produced released into the surroundings

Endothermic: takes in heat

Mixture : two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined

Solution: when a solute melts into a solvent, solute: substance that dissolves in solvent/ solvent: liquid
that dissolves a solute to form a solution

Suspension: a mixture containing small particles of an insoluble solid

Diffusion: when different fluids mix as a result of random motion of their particles

Talia

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