SENIOR

Entrepreneurship HIGH
SCHOOL

Module

Introduction of 4 M’s 1
Quarter 2
Entrepreneurship
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Introduction to 4M’s
First Edition, 2020

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Writer: Benjamin Meniano, Ethel May Barcelona
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Entrepreneurship
SENIOR
HIGH
SCHOOL

Self-Learning
Module

1
Quarter 2

Introduction to 4 M’s
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Entrepreneurship with Grade 12 Self-Learning on

Introduction to 4 M’s.
This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and
reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Entrepreneurship Self-Learning Module on Introduction to
4M’s.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - These point to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define the 4M’s (Manpower, Method, Machine, and Materials) of

operations;

2. describe the nature of 4M’s (Manpower, Method, Machine, and

Material) of operations; and

3. identify the relationship of 4M’s of operations in a business

opportunity.

PRETEST
DIRECTIONS: Match column A with column B. Write only the letter of
the correct answer before each number.

A B
_______________1. Manpower a. is the conversion of raw
materials into final and finished
product.
_______________2. Machine b. refers to the personnel or
laborer needed in operations of
the business.
_______________3. Method c. a detailed specification of
machinery and equipment must
be identified in the operations.
_______________4. Materials d. exit includes both the direct and
indirect or consumable items.

RECAP
We have learned how significant branding in business
operations. It provides products and services with the power of the brand. Branding
is all about making differences. To brand a product, it is essential to teach consumers
“who” the product is - by giving it a name and using other elements to help identify
it – as well as “what” the product does and “why” consumers should care.

As part of the review, understanding the process of how to develop a brand. A

well-designed brand strategy can help to enhance a product’s chances of being
accepted and survived in the market for the long term. Arrange the following
statements in chronological order on how to make a new brand.

__________ create the name

__________ develop a creative team

__________ develop a brand strategy

__________ screen your trademark availability

__________ test the name

LESSON

List 10 possible things required by entrepreneurs in business operations

particularly in business production.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

Possible answers can be viewed as the 4M’s of production/operations. These

are factors involved in the production process.

The operation plan is a significant piece of the marketable strategy since it

essentially expresses the intricacies in working the business. A solid activities plan
ought to have the four operational angles—called the 4M’s of operations: the method,
or the cycles to be followed in inadequately fabricating or conveying a product or
service; the manpower, or the correct HR who will deal with certain business
activities; the machines, or the innovation utilized in productively working the
business, and the materials to be utilized in making a product or service which
incorporates supply chain management.

Manpower Requisites

Toward the start of the business, the person in question generally boosts
oneself, their accomplice, or their relatives to deal with all the parts of the business.
However, as it develops, the business entrepreneur will require the ability of qualified
representatives that can deal with operational capacities, so the person in question
will be liberated from day by day exercises and would thus be able to concentrate on
the key and the board elements of the business. The business entrepreneur needs to
plot a table of association dependent on his business organization.
 According to Aduana, (2017) manpower defines as the human workforce
involved in the manufacturing of products. It is considered to be the most vital factor
in production. Business entrepreneurs must determine, acquire, and match qualified
employees with jobs in the most appropriate period.

A portion of the manpower measures that must be profoundly considered by

the entrepreneur are as per the following:

1. Educational attainment and work experience required for the activity

2. Status of employment, whether permanent or temporary
3. Number of workers required for the activity
4. Skills and expertise required for the activity
5. Appropriate time the worker is needed
6. Conduct of background checking and issuance of requirements
7. Amount of compensation and other mandatory benefits
8. Availability of potential workers in the community

Method

Agustin-Acierto (2017) defined a method as the process of converting raw

materials into a finished product. The sequence of operations should be clearly
defined to ensure proper execution thus assuring the consistency of the quality of
the product. The method aspect denotes the day-to-day business activities. It
exemplifies how a business entrepreneur will run the entire business from all facets
of the business operations.

The selection of the method of production is dependent on some factors,

namely,

1. The plant size and production schedules are determined based on

projected demand.
2. The number and capacity of the machine and equipment are determined.
3. The plant location has a long term effect on business operations.
4. Strategic plant layout which helps in lowering production cost.

Machine

Most organizations would not have the option to work without the guide of
machines. Machines can be depicted as the "closest companion" of labor in creating
products and services. They go connected at the hip. In some cases, machines can
even replace people. Machines have become one of the 4Ms because they are a
significant part of producing products and services, and they have changed how
entrepreneurs lead the business. Machines are restricted to physical gear as well as
relate to innovations that help business tasks become normalized and consistent.
Without machines, business activities will be lumbering, expensive, and poor quality.

Aduana (2017) specified the following significant elements on the process of

selecting the type of equipment to purchase, that entrepreneur may consider:

1. Types of product to be produced

2. Production system to be adopted
 3. Cost of equipment
4. Capacity of equipment
5. Availability of spare parts in the local market
6. The efficiency of the equipment
7. The skills required in running the equipment

Materials

The term material refers to the raw materials needed in the production of
products and services. The materials needed as discussed by Aduana (2017) include
direct and indirect or consumable materials. The specifications, quantity needed and
the schedule of delivery should be stipulated.

The entrepreneur may consider the following important factors in the selection
of raw materials.

1. Identify the cost of materials

2. Monitor the quality of materials
3. Maintain the availability of materials
4. Secure the credibility of suppliers
5. Determine the waste that the raw materials may produce.

ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: Put M in my head!
DIRECTIONS: Based on your understanding of 4M’s of production, identify
what M does each accompanying element represent.

__________1. Capacity of the equipment

__________2. Secure availability

__________3. Required skills to do the work

__________4. Appropriate time the worker is needed.

__________5. The plant location which has a long term effect in business
operations

Activity 2: Think of My Mwich Shop!!!!

Directions: You are about to make your sandwich shop. Think of all possible
considerations on how to make a delicious sandwich in the market. First, think of
all materials needed for your putting up a sandwich shop. Second, make your work
process on how to do your sandwich (you can use a flowchart or diagram to show
how it works), Third, draw or create your own layout/floorplan on how your operation
works by arranging your materials, machine, and equipment to allow a smooth and
continuous flow of activities. Use the table below to complete the task.
 Materials Work Process
/machine
needed

• _______
• _______
• _______
• _______
• _______
• _______

Activity 3. Directions: Using your output in activity 2, think of possible innovations

you can do to make your sandwich shop/your product that is unique and competitive
in the market. Then make possible recommendations/marketing strategies on how
to improve your sandwich shop. Use the template below.

Shop Name:
Product Name:
Commonly produced sandwich Proposed innovations on a sandwich
(special features)

Recommendations:

WRAP-UP

Traffic Light Model! DIRECTIONS: Using the concept of traffic light complete the
following information that corresponds to each sign. Go for things that you learned
more. Stop for things that you don’t understand. Caution for things you need more
clarification or further questions. Use the table below.
 STOP

CAUTION

GO

VALUING

Directions: At this phase in your life, you should think about your career
objectives. After defining your career objective, answer this inquiry:
a. What do you think are things/materials you need to accomplish for
your career objectives?
b. By what method will you build the set of abilities and skills to
achieve your career objectives the easiest way?
c. In what manner will you set yourself apart from other people and
ensure that you stand out?
d. Who do you think are the people that will help you achieve your
goals?

Sum up your thoughts in eight to 10 sentences.

ME MYSELF & MY DREAMS

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
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 POSTTEST

DIRECTIONS: Write More if the statement is acceptable, otherwise write Less if the
statement is unacceptable in understanding the concepts of 4Ms of production.

_______________1. Manpower is considered the most vital factor in production.

The most qualified employees with jobs must determine by
the entrepreneur.

_______________2. The process of converting raw materials into a finished

product is also known as Method. This sequence of
operations should be clearly defined to ensure proper
execution, thus assuring the consistency of the quality of the
product.

_______________3. The manufacturing equipment used in the production of

goods or service refers to machines. Entrepreneurs must
consider the cost and efficiency of the equipment.

_______________4. Materials are considered to be raw materials needed in the

production of the product or service. Therefore, in selecting
the right materials needed, entrepreneurs must consider
the quality and cost of the materials.

_______________5. The operation plan is a significant piece of the marketable

strategy since it essentially expresses the intricacies in
working the business. A solid activities plan ought to have
the four operational angles—called the 4M’s of operations.
 KEY TO CORRECTION
Method 5.
More 5.
D 4. Manpower 4.
More 4.
A 3. Manpower 3.
More 3.
C 2. Materials 2.
More 2.
B 1. Machine 1.
More 1.
PRETEST ACTIVITY#1
POSTTEST

References
BOOKS
Aduana, Nick L. 2017. Entrepreneurship in Philippine Setting for SHS. Quezon
City: C&E Publishing Inc.

Agustin- Acierto, Marife, 2017. Entrepreneurship. Manila City: Unlimited

Books, Library Services, and Publishing Inc.