2011-CE

BIO

HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY

HONG KONG CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION EXAMINATION 2011

BIOLOGY PAPER2 (MULTIPLE-CHOICE)

11.00 am - 12.00 noon (1 hour)

Subject Code 150

I. Read carefully the instructions on the Answer Sheet. After the announcement of the start of the
examination, you should first stick a barcode label and insert the information required in the spaces provided.
No extra time will be given for sticking the barcode label after the 'Time is up' announcement.

2. When told to open this book, you should check that all the questions are there. Look for the words 'END
OF PAPER' after the last question.

3. All questions carry equal marks.

4. ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. You are advised to use an HB pencil to mark all the answers on the
Answer Sheet, so that wrong marks can be completely erased with a clean rubber. You must mark the
answers clearly; otherwise you will lose marks if the answers cannot be captured.

5. You should mark only ONE answer for each question. If you mark more than one answer, you will receive
NO MARKS for that question.

6. No marks will be deducted for wrong answers.

Not to be taken away before the

end of the examination session
2011-CE-BIO2-1 79
There are 36 questions in Section A and 24 questions in Section B.
The diagrams in tllis paper are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.

SECTION A

1. If some cyanide (a chemical that inhibits respiration) is applied to a plant, less water will be absorbed by
the plant because

A. the roots absorb less mineral salts.

B. the xylem vessels are poisoned by the cyanide.
C. the roots cannot absorb water by active transport.
D. the transpiration pull in the xylem vessels is stopped.

2. Which of the following comparisons between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell is/are correct?

(1) Both have cell wall.

(2) Both have nucleic acid as the genetic material.
(3) A prokaryotic cell has a nuclear membrane but a eukaryotic cell does not.

A. (I) only
B. (2) only
C. (I) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

3. The diagram below shows a set-up in which a dialysis tubing containing 10% sucrose solution is placed
in distilled water:

1:~ - dfalysis tubing

ti
diS lled water-------~ 10% sucmse solutioo

Which of the following graphs shows the change in water potential inside the dialysis tubing?

A. «i B. ~
·.::: c
C
CU
2 0
0
c. c.
...
2
"'
:3:
-..."'
CU

:3:

Time Time

C. :'§ D. :'§
c c
CU
0
c.
...
-...
CU
0
c.
2 2
(IS

:3: "'
:3:

Time Time

201I-CE-BIO 2-2 80
4. Which of the following are the fates of photosynthetic products in plants?

(1) used for synthesising glycogen for storage

(2) used for synthesising cellulose, which is a component of the cell wall
(3) used for synthesising lipid, which is a component of the cell membrane

A. (I) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

5. Which of the following comparisons between the processes in a mitochondrion and a chloroplast is
correct?

Process in a mitochondrion Process in a chloroplast

A. It involves enzymes. It does not involve enzymes.
B. It is an anabolic process. It is a catabolic process.
c. It occurs in animal cells only. It occurs in plant cells only.
D. It converts chemical energy in food to It converts light energy to chemical energy.
that in ATP.

6. Which element is not normally obtained by the roots of a plant from the soil?

A. carbon
B. nitrogen
C. hydrogen
D. phosphorus

7. Which of the following are the practices ofa 'Low Carbon Lifestyle'?

(I) recycling used paper

(2) using public transport
(3) using an air-purifier at home

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (!), (2) and (3)

8. Alcohol obtained from the fermentation of maize corn can be used as fuel. Which of the following are
th~ advantages of obtaining fuel by this method?

(1) The source of this fuel is renewable.

(2) The production of the fuel does not require oxygen.
(3) Growing maize corn for fuel helps reduce global wanning.

A. (I) and (2) only

B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (I), (2) and (3)

201I-CE-8102-3 81
9. Some plants are adapted to growing in flooded soil. Which of the following word equations represents
the respiration of their root tissues?

A. glucose ➔ lactic acid + ATP

B. glucose ➔ water + carbon dioxide + ATP
C. glucose ➔ ethanol + carbon dioxide + ATP
D. glucose ➔ water + ethanol + carbon dioxide + A TP

10. The following graph shows the net release of oxygen from a water plant from 5 °C to 30 °C :

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Temperature (0 C)

Which of the following about the photosynthesis of this plant can be deduced from the graph?

(l) The rate of photosynthesis is zero at 5 °C.

(2) The rate of photosynthesis increases from 5 °C to 30 °C.
(3) The optimal temperature of this plant for photosynthesis is 30 °C.

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

l l. Which of the following is most helpful in preventing periodontal disease?

A. drinking water with fluoride added

B. avoiding biting hard materials
C. eating food rich in calcium
D. using dental floss

12. The flow of blood in the aorta is assisted by the

A. contraction of the muscle in the wall of the aorta and the closing of the semi-lunar valves.
B. contraction of the muscle in the wall of the aorta and the closing of the bicuspid valve.
C. recoil of the elastic wall of the aorta and the closing of the semi-lunar valves.
D. recoil of the elastic wall of the aorta and the closing of the bicuspid valve.

2011-CE-BIO2-4 82
Directions: Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following graph, which shows the pressure changes of the left
atrium, left ventricle and aorta in a cardiac cycle:

: ........... .

left :,1-•-l •~~ - -

ventricle i

, .... __ _. - •- • - • 1 ·, _. _.""'. _1~!£.a_!1:i~f!l_

1
p Q R s Time

13. At which time does the blood leave the left ventricle?

A. p
B. Q
C. R
D. S

14. At which time are both the semi-lunar valves and the bicuspid valve closed?

A. p
B. Q
C. R
D. S

15. The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a condition caused by a recessive allele:

Key: 0 Normal female

D Normal male
• Affected female

■ Affected male

10
8 9

Which of the following individuals must be heterozygous?

A. 5 and 9 only
B. 5 and 10 only
C. 7 and 9 only
D. 7 and 10 only

2011-CE-BIO2-5 83
16. Albinism (a condition in which pigment fails to develop in skin) in humans is caused by a recessive
allele. A normal man married an albino woman and their first child is an albino. What is the
probability of their second child being an albino?

A. 0%
B. 25%
c. 50%
D. 75%

17. The graph below shows the changes in the amount of three substances (in terms of the percentage of the
original amount) in the human body upon starvation:

.......
o---=-----------~
Time during starvation

Which of the following shows the substances that X, Y and Z most probably are?

X y z
A. fat protein glycogen
B. fat glycogen protein
c. glycogen protein fat
D. protein fat glycogen

18. The following diagram shows part of the human digestive system:

Which structure(s) will produce the enzyme(s) needed for the digestion of egg white?

A. X only
B. X and Y only
C. Y and Z only
D. X, YandZ

2011-CE-BlO 2-6 84
19. The photomicrograph below shows the longitudinal section of a part of a stem:

Which of the following comparisons between structures X and Y is correct?

StructureX Structure Y
A. sugar cannot be found in it sugar can be found in it
B. minerals can be found in it minerals cannot be found in it
c. responsible for support responsible for transport
D. carries out respiration does not carry out respiration

20. The diagram below shows a diagrammatic representation of the root and the leaf of a plant:

----~ (I)

---- (2)
I I
I I
I
I
••
I

Which of the labelled arrows in the diagram show(s) the direction of oxygen diffusion between the plant
and the surrounding at midnight?

A. (2) only
B. (3) only
C. (I) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

21. Which of the following human cells has the least amount of mitochondria?

A. neurones
B. liver cells
C. red blood cells
D. white blood cells

2011-CE-B1O2-7 85
22. The photomicrographs below show two types of epithelium:

(l) (2)

Which of the following combinations shows the structures where these epithelia are found?

(]) (2)
A. blood capillary trachea
B. skin blood capillary
c. trachea skin
D. skin trachea

23. The diagram below shows the distribution of a kind of photoreceptor along the horizontal section of the
human retina:

1'
away from centre away from

Which of the following combinations correctly states the identity and feature of the photoreceptor
shown?

Type of photoreceptor Feature

A. cone cell It can only work in bright light.
B. cone cell It is absent in the blind spot.
c. rod cell It can function in dim light.
D. rod cell It is responsible for colour vision.

2011-CE-BIO2--8 86
24. Research has shown that drug abuse causes damage to the nervous system, leading to speech disorders
and memory degeneration. Which parts of the nervous system shown below are likely to be damaged?

A. P and Q only
B. P and R only
C. Q and R only
D. P, QandR

25. The diagram below shows the cross section of a human spinal cord:

Which of the following statements about the spinal cord is correct?

A. Motor neurones are found in part W.

B. Intemeurones are found only in part X.
C. Part X has more genetic materials than part Y.
D. The direction of impulse transmission is from W to Z.

26. The diagram below shows a cell which is important for body defence:

- bacterium

Which of the following combinations correctly shows the identity of cell X and its function?

Cel/X Function
A. lymphocyte for non-specific body defence
B. lymphocyte for producing antibodies to act against bacteria
C. phagocyte for non-specific body defence
D. phagocyte for producing antibodies to act against bacteria

2011-CE-BIO 2-9 87
27. The diagram below shows a pair of opposing muscles, X and Y, in the hand. They are for moving the
thumb towards or away from the other fingers.

fingers
I -,

Which of the following can move the thumb towards the other fingers?

A. muscle X contracts
B. muscle X relaxes
C. muscle Y contracts
D. muscle Y relaxes

28. The chart below shows the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood samples collected at four
locations in the human circulatory system:

p Q R s Blood sample

Which blood sample is most probably collected from the pulmonary vein?

A. p
B. Q
C. R
D. S

29. Which of the following features is most essential for mammals to live on land?

A. They have mammary glands.

B. They have internal fertilisation.
C. Their body is covered with hair.
D. They have constant body temperature.

30. Which of the following examples is correctly matched to the type of interaction between the organisms?

Type of interactionbetweenthe organisms Example

A. mutualism a tree and the mushrooms growing on its bark
B. competition oysters and barnacles living on a rock surface
C. commensalism a crab and the sea anemones living on its body
D. parasitism a whale and the barnacles Jiving on its body
surface

201l-CE-B102-10 88
31. The maternal blood and the foetal blood are separated in the placenta. This feature

A. allows the exchange of materials by diffusion.

B. brings the foetal blood vessels close to the maternal blood vessels.
C. avoids the foetal blood vessels from being damaged.
D. prevents the mother's antibodies from passing to the foetus.

32. Which of the following graphs shows the change in the thickness of the uterine lining of a pregnant
woman from the beginning of the last menstruation to the time before child birth?

A.

-------------11 I I Week
0 4 8 12 32 36 40
(birth)
B. '- oil
o .S
c/l i:::
c/l ·-
11)-

.Q :g
u ·-
:.a·~
f-< '5

t----+---t----t----,,;~1-1--1-I -----t-1 Week

0 4 8 12 32 36 40
(birth)
c.

/I Week
0 4 8 12 32 36 40
(birth)
D. '- oil
0 .s
"'·-i:::
"'
II) -
J;j II)

·-u .s
...
i=:~

/I Week
0 4 8 12 32 36 40
(birth)

33. The genetic make-up of the X chromosome of a boy is found to be different from that of his
non-identical twin brother. This is most possibly due to

A. meiosis during sperm formation.

B. random fertilisation of the gametes.
C. mutation of the genes in the X chromosome of their father.
D. the development of these twin brothers in separate amniotic cavities.

2011-CE-BIO 2-11 89
34. The diagram below shows the male reproductive system:

Which labelled structure(s) is/are involved in producing semen?

A. Q only
B. Ronly
C. P and Q only
D. Rand S only

35. The diagram below shows the delivery ofa baby assisted with forceps:

Which of the following is the most likely condition for this method to be needed in assisting delivery?

A. The cervix fails to dilate.

B. The amnion fails to break.
C. The placenta has detached.
D. The uterine contraction is not sufficiently strong.

36. The diagram below shows organism X:

200µm
._____.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the kingdom to which organism X belongs?

A. the presence of hyphae

B. reproduction by spores
C. heterotrophic nutrition
D. the presence of roots

END OF SECTION A

2011-CE-BIO 2-12 90
SECTIONB

Directions: Questions 37 and 38 refer to the diagram below, which shows a certain stage of cell division:

37.
w
Based on the diagram, which of the following combinations correctly shows the type of cell division
illustrated and the reason for your choice?

Type of cell division Reason

A. mitotic cell division There are duplicated chromosomes.
B. mitotic cell division There is a lining up of the chromosomes in the middle of the cell.
c. meiotic cell division There is a pairing of the homologous chromosomes.
D. meiotic cell division There is a separation of the homologous chromosomes.

38. Which of the following shows the daughter cell of this cell division?

(J)
A. B.

C.
CD D.

(!D C0
39. Organisms X, Y and Z form a food chain. The following table shows the concentrations of DDT
(a non-biodegradable insecticide) in organisms X, Y and Z:

Or anism X y z
Concentration of DDT m 25 0.015 1600

With reference to the information in the table, which of the following combinations correctly shows the
ecological roles of organisms X, Y and Z in this food chain?

X y z
A. producer primary consumer secondary consumer
B. primary consumer secondary consumer producer
c. secondary consumer producer primary consumer
D. primary consumer producer secondary consumer

40. Which of the following statements about hormonal coordination is correct?

A. All hormones are protein.

B. A hormone only acts on one target organ.
C. A small amount of hormone is needed for its action.
D. An endocrine gland can produce only one kind of hormone.

2011-CE-BIO2-13 91
 41. Which of the following statements about glucagon is/are correct?

(I) Glucagon is produced by the liver.

(2) More glucagon will be secreted when the blood glucose level is low.
(3) Glucagon stimulates the oxidation of glucose in cells.

A. (I) only
B. (2) only
C. (l) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

42. Which of the following processes in the human body is/are catabolic?

( 1) the breaking down of excess amino acids in the liver

(2) the production oflipase in the pancreas
(3) ultrafiltration in the kidney

A. (I) only
B. (2) only
C. (I) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

* 43. Which of the following graphs shows the relationship between the metabolic rate of a man at rest and
environmental temperature?

B. -....
C/l
II)·-
..,
,-..
....
C
::,
;"'.b~
... ·-
(.) .J:J
:=
0
ta
.._,
.J:J
....
"'II)

~
Environmental .._ _______ Environmental
37 temperature (°C) 37 temperature (°C)

D.
....,.....
C/l ....
II)·-
.., C
.... ::,

; ~
...
"' ·-
.b
(.) .J:J
:=
0
ta
.._,
.J:J
....
"'II)

~
Environmental ....________ Environmental
37 temperature (0 C) 37 temperature ( 0 C)
(This item was deleted.)
44. Which of the following structures are genetically identical?

A. seeds of the same fruit

B. a petal and a sepal of the same flower
C. eggs produced in a human ovary
D. the umbilical cord and uterine wall in a pregnant woman

2011-CE-BIO2-14 92
45. The following are some steps in genetic engineering:

( 1) the replication of copies of the desired gene by a bacterium

(2) the extraction of the desired gene from a cell
(3) the placing of the vector into a bacterium
(4) the insertion of the desired gene into a vector

Arrange the above steps in the correct sequence.

A. (2), (I), (4), (3)

B. (2), (4), (3), (I)
C. (4), (I), (3), (2)
D. (4), (3), (1), (2)

46. Which of the following conditions are necessary for the building up of transpiration pull in plants?

(1) the presence of hollow xylem vessels

(2) the presence of leaves
(3) a healthy root system

A. (l) and (2) only

B. (I) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

47. When the relative humidity of air decreases, which of the following rates in plants will increase?

(1) the absorption of water

(2) the transport of oxygen
(3) the transport of sugar

A. (1) only
B. (2) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (2) and (3) only

48. In a fire accident, during which period of time in the following graph would a large amount of hot smoke
rush into the lungs?

Atmospheric pressure = 760 mmHg

A. P to R
B. Q to S
C. R to T
D. S to U

2011-CE-BIO2-15 93
49. The diagram below shows a nephron. The percentages of proteins and urea in fluids taken from
different parts of the nephron are shown in the following table:
(2)

Part from which Percentage of Percentage of

the fluid is taken proteins in the fluid urea in the fluid
(3)
(1) 0 y
(1) (2) 9 0.05
(3) X 0.05

Which of the following combinations correctly shows the values of x and y?

X y
A. 9 0.05
B. 0 0.05
C. 9 0.25
D. 0 0.25

Directions: Questions 50 to 52 refer to the following experimental set-up, used for studying the effect of
magnesium deficiency on the growth of the young seedlings:

conical flask--""·
-~14r,141--·=4\---solution
X
(containing all the essential minerals for
plant growth, except magnesium)

50. Young seedlings should be used for this experiment because

A. their roots can be put into the set-up easily.

B. their roots grow very quickly.
C. they increase in height quickly.
D. they have little stored minerals.

51. A control set-up is needed for this experiment. The control set-up should be the same as the
experimental set-up except that in the control set-up,

A. seedlings are not used.

B. solution X is replaced with distilled water.
C. solution X is replaced with distilled water with magnesium added.
D. solution X is replaced with a solution containing all the essential minerals for plant growth.

201I-CE-B102-16 94
52. The seedlings show a yellowing of the leaves after one week. This is because magnesium is essential
for

A. stimulating cell division.

B. the synthesis of proteins.
C. the synthesis of chlorophyll.
D. the fonnation ofroot hair cells.

53. The diagrams below show the structures ofa sperm and a pollen grain with a pollen tube:

,~---Y
~----z
Sperm Pollen grain with a pollen tube

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a pair of structures and their function?

Pair of structures Function

A. P and W for protection
B. Q and Z for carrying genetic materials
c. R and X for food storage
D. S and Y for locomotion

Directions: Questions 54 and 55 refer to the following diagrams, showing a foetus in the uterus and a seed:

,~--(1)
\>.."il<'---\tt---(2)
(4)
---(3)

Foetus in the uterus Seed

54. Which structure of the seed has a similar function to fluid X?

A. (1)
B. (2)
c. (3)
D. (4)

55. Which structure(s) in the seed has/have a role similar to the growing foetus?

A. (2) only
B. (2) and (4) only
C. (l), (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)

2011-CE-BIO2-17 95
Directions: Questions 56 and 57 refer to the following photographs, which show the longitudinal sections of
a flower and the fruit of a plant:

~--(!)
~e:---- (2)

(3)

Flower (longitudinal section) Fruit (longitudinal section)

56. Which of the following combinations correctly shows the floral parts from which structures (I), (2) and
(3) have developed?

(1) (2) (3)

A. Q T p
B. Q T s
C. T R s
D. T R p

57. Which of the following are the functions of this fruit?

(I) It protects the seeds.

(2) It helps disperse the seeds.
(3) It provides food for the germination of the seeds.

A. (I) and (2) only

B. {I) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (I), (2) and (3)

58. The diagram below shows the sedimentary layers at the bottom of a sea, where fossils of organisms are
found:

sea

Which of the following statements about the organisms forming the fossils in these layers is correct?

A. The organisms found in Layer 1 only appeared later on Earth than those in Layer 3.
B. The organisms in Layer 2 are more similar in structure to those in Layer 1 than to those in
Layer 3.
C. The organisms in Layer 2 are evolved from organisms in Layer 3.
D. The organisms in Layer 3 are more complex in structure than those in Layer 1.

2011-CE-BIO2-18 96
59. The following shows the results of an experiment in which two coleoptiles were exposed to unilateral
light from the left:

aluminium foil

direction of ... direction of ...

unilateral light unilateral light

after 2 days after 2 days

coleoptile P coleoptile Q

What conclusion can be drawn from this experiment?

A. Auxins are produced in the tips.

B. Auxins are required for phototropic response.
C. The tip is essential for growth.
D. The tip is sensitive to unilateral light.

60. The following shows the set-ups of an experiment and the results after two days. Both set-ups were
placed in darkness throughout the experiment.

Key:
kept in darkness

TIJ
CJ agar block without auxins
for 2 days
El agar block containing
decapitated coleoptiles auxins of identical

I
concentration

_.,.,., kept in darkness

for 2 days

U
decapitated roots

Which of the following combinations correctly describes the effect of this concentration of auxins on the
growth of the coleoptile and the root?

Coleoptile Root
A. growth promoted growth promoted
B. growth inhibited growth not promoted
c. growth not promoted growth promoted
D. growth inhibited growth promoted

END OF PAPER

Sources of materials used in this paper will be acknowledged in the Examination Report and Question Papers
published by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority at a later stage.

2011-CE-BIO 2-19 97