(TS. 22. ot do different people have different developmental goals? ICBSE 2018(C), ‘Ans. Different people have different developmental goals because people have diverse wishes, likes and dislikes, and aspirations. 23,/Give any two common developmental goals of the people. ICBSE 2015] ‘Ans. The two common developmental goals of the people are as follows. (a) Peace and security (b) Better living conditions 24. State any two goals of development other than _Ancome. ICBSE 2018} Ans. The development goals other than income are: (@ Good standard of living (b) Security (c) Satisfaction (any two) 25. What does national development refer to? Ans. National development refers to the ability of a county to improve the social welfare of the people. For example, by providing social amenities such as quality education, potable water, transportation, infrastructure and medical care. 26, Why is the total income of countries not used to make comparisons between them? Ans. The total income of the countries is not used to make comparisons between them because the population of different countries is different. 21. Define average income. ICBSE 2015] Ans. Per capita income or average income is calculated by dividing the total income of a country with its population.28. Besides the size of per i property ofincome's important ire ote or more countries? sane Ans. Per capita income is an im criterion for development. Al equitable distribution of in also be considered. portant but not the only long with average income, \come in a country should 29. Mention any one limitation of per eapita income as an indicator of development. {CBSE 2015) Per capita income does not tell us anything about the distribution of income. A poor country with a more equal distribution of income would be better than a richer country with unequal distribution of income. (or any other limitation) 30. Among Haryana, Kerala and Bihar, which state in India has the least per capita income in 2016-172 Ans. Bihar has recorded the least per capita income in the year 2016-17. 31, Défine sex ratio. Ans. The total number of females per thousand males in a country is termed as sex ratio. 32. Define infant mortality rate. Ans. aie of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children bom in that particular year is known as infant mortality rate. Ans. 33. Why does Kerala have low infant mortality rate? Aw& Kerala has low infant mortality rate because it has adequate provisions of basic health and educational facilities. 34, What is net attendance ratio? ‘At& Net attendance ratio is the total number of children of age group 14 and 15 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. 35. What does HDI stand for? pany cer for Human Development Index. It is a tool developed by the United Nations to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. 36. What is Life Expectancy at Birth? i is the average expected An Life Expectancy at Birth is the Tength of life of a person at the time of birt. 37, Name the two neighbour countries of India which ” have low per capita income than India, yet they are better than India in life expectancy according to Human Development Report 2018. ‘Ans. Nepal and Bangladesh. - Ans, Shori 39, Ans. 40. Ans. 41 Ans Al38. Define sustainable development. Ans. Sustainable development refers to the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future generation. Short Answer Type Questions [3 Marks] 39. pierce a veeementt Mention two aspects of - ment. Ans. Development is a positive growth or change in economical, social and political aspects of a country. ‘Two aspects of development are: (@) Economie development or rise in income of the people (b) Social development which includes education, health and public services 40. eee by economic development? Write of measuring economic development of a country. Ans. Economic development is a sustained increase in real per capita income that promotes economic welfare by reducing poverty, unemployment and inequalities in distribution of income. The two basis of measuring economic development are: (a) Quality of life and environmental sustainability (0) Per capita income 41. ‘Development for one may be the destruction for other.’ Do you agree with the statement? Justify your answer, {CBSE 2012) Ans. I certainly agree with the statement that development for one may be the destruction for other. People have different developmental goals. They seek what is most important for them and fulfill their aspirations and desires. For example, the establishment of a dam leads to infrastructural development, generation of electricity, etc., but at the same time, it may lead to the large-scale displacement of people, loss of livelihood, shelter, etc. of the people living near the proposed dam site, Hence, construction of dam may be development for some, but may be destruction for others. 42. Mention any three characteristics of development. ‘Ans. The following are the three major characteristics of development. (a) Different people can have different developmental goals.consis between a developing country and a developed country. : Developing Country (a Ina developing country, per capita income is low | (a) Ina developed country, per capita income is high. and there is widespread poverty. | (8) The standard of living is low. (B) The standard of living is high. (c) The level of efficiency and productivity is low. | (c) The level of efficiency and productivity is high. Developed Country | (a) The rate of capital formation is low. (d) The rate of capital formation is high. (any three)