Addis Ababa Science and Technology University

College of Natural and Social Sciences

Department of Physics and Statistics

Course: Probability and Statistics Assignment II.

Maximum (10%)
Attempt All Questions, Show The Required Steps Submission date: Aug 22, 2022

1. A committee of 6 people is to be formed from a group of 20 people. The committee

needs to have the number of men double that of the number of women. If there are 12
men in the group, in how many ways can this committee be formed?
2. A sales firm receives, on average, 2 calls per hour on its toll-free number. For any given
hour, find the probability that it will receive the following.
a. At most 2 calls
b. At least 3 calls
c. 4 or more calls
d. find the mean and variance of the distribution
3. Let A and B be events such that P ( A ∪ B )=0.75 , P ( A ∩ B ) =0.25∧P ( A ) =0. 4 .
a) What is the P(Ac n Bc)? ______________
b) What is the P(Acn B)? ______________
c) What is the P(A/Bc)? ______________
d. Are A and B mutually exclusive? (yes/no) ______________

4. Suppose it is known that the probability of recovery for a certain disease is 0.6. If
random sample of 10 people who are stricken with the disease are selected, what is the
probability that:
(a) at least 5 of them will recover?_________________
(b) exactly 9 of them will recover?________

5. It is known that bacteria of a certain kind occur in water at a rate 2 bacteria per cubic
centimeter of water. Assuming that the phenomenon obeys a Poisson probability law,
what is the probability that a sample of two cube centimeters of water will contain
a. No bacteria?

b. At least one bacteria?

6. Toss a fair coin four times. Let X is a random variable denoting the number of heads
observed from the given experiment.

a) List the sample space for the experiment?

b) Construct the probability distribution of X?
c) What is the probability of getting three heads?

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 Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Natural and Social Sciences
Department of Physics and Statistics

d) Find mean and variance of X.

7. The mean of the inner diameters (in inches) of a sample of 200 tubes produced by a
machine is 0.502 and s.d. is 0.005. The purpose for which these tubes are intended
allows a maximum tolerance in the diameter of 0.496 to 0.508 (i.e. otherwise the tubes
are considered defectives). What percentage of the tubes produced by the machine is
defective if the diameters are found to be normally distributed?

8. Suppose that a random sample of n=25 observations is selected from a population

which is normally distributed with mean 1 and standard deviation 0.25. Give the
standard error of the sample mean.
9. Write the the difference between probability and Non probability sampling techniques.

10. Define the following terms in your words.

a) Sampling Frame
___________________________________________________________________

b) Distinguish the difference between Sampling error non sampling error

_______________________________________________________________

11. Let S = {E1, . . . , E8}. The probability of occurring for each outcome is given in the
following table:
Outcom E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8
e
P(Ei) 2/16 1/1 1/16 1/1 3/16 1/1 2/16 1/16
6 6 6
Consider the following events
A={ E1, E2, E3}, B={ E3, E4, E5}, C={ E1, E2, E4 ,E6, E8, } and D={ E7, E8}
Calculate the following probabilities:
a) P(A); P(C); P(D);
b) P(A n D); P(AUB);
c) P(Ac); P(Ac n Bc); P(AcUBc)
d) P(A/B) (Are A and B independent?)

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 Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Natural and Social Sciences
Department of Physics and Statistics

12. List at least four advantages (reasons) of taking sample .

13. The time taken to complete a certain standard exam for deriving license by trainees is
normally distributed with a mean of 120 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. If
we randomly select one trainee, calculate the probability that he/she will complete the
exam.
a. Between 120 and 130 minutes
b. After 140 minutes
c. Before 125 minutes
14. Nine percent of all men cannot distinguish between the colors red and green. This is the
type of color blindness that causes problems with traffic signals. If six men are randomly
selected for a study of traffic signal perceptions:
a. Let X = the number of men that cannot distinguish between red and green Decide if X
is a binomial random variable or not (check the conditions for the binomial setting).
b. Write the probability distribution of X
c. Find the probability that exactly two of the six men cannot distinguish between
red and green.
d. What are the mean and standard deviation of the random variable X?

15. A firm has three telephone numbers. They all receive numbers of calls that follows Poisson
distributions, the first having a mean of 8, the second 4, and the third 3 in a period of half
an hour. Find the probability that:
a. The second and the third will receive a total of exactly 6 calls in half an hour
b. The firm will receive at least 12 calls in half an hour
c. Line one will receive at most six calls in an hour.
d. Line one will receive no calls in 15 minutes

{
−2 x
x e for x >0
16. A random variable X with a probability density function f ( x )=
0 else
a. Find the probability that X is between 2 and 4
b. Find the probability that the value of X exceeds 3
c. Find the expected value of X
d. Find the Variance of X
e. Find cumulative distribution function for X
17. The manager of a bank enters a local branch at 12:30 a.m. every payday, at which time
there are always two tellers on duty. The number of customers (X) in the bank who are
either at a teller window or are waiting in a single line for the next available teller has the
following probability distribution.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 0.20 0.18 0.25 0.23 0.10 0.01 0.03

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 Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Natural and Social Sciences
Department of Physics and Statistics

a. What number of customers does the manager most often see in the bank the moment he
enters?
b. What number of customers waiting in line does the manager most often see the
moment he enters?
c. What is the average number of customers who are waiting in line the moment the
manager enters?

18. The length of human pregnancies from conception to birth varies according to a
distribution that is approximately normal with mean 266 days and standard deviation 16
days.
a. What percent of pregnancies last between 250 and 282 days?
b. We know roughly 99.7% of all pregnancies fall between how many days?
c. A pregnancy located in the 16th percentile would last how long?
d. If 15 women are surveyed, what is the probability that 5 of them have a pregnancy
that last between 250 and 266 days?
e. If a woman is claiming her pregnancy is lasting longer than 90% of pregnancies,
how long might her pregnancy last?

19. An architect wants to determine the relationship between the heights (in feet) of a building
and the number of stories in the building. The data for a sample of 12 buildings in
Pittsburgh are shown.
Stories (x) 64 54 40 31 45 38 42 41 37 34 40 42
Height (y) 841 725 635 616 615 582 535 520 511 568 48 624
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a) Draw the scatter diagram and comment on the type of relationship.
b) Calculate a and b then fit the regression line.
c) Predict the height of building if the number of stories (x) =44.
d) Find the correlation coefficient (r) and give your interpretation based on your result.
20. An electrical firm manufactures light bulbs that have a length of life that is approximately
normally distributed with a standard deviation of 40 hours. If a random sample of 30
bulbs has an average life of 780 hours, find a 99% confidence interval for the population
mean of all bulbs produced by this firm.

21. A major truck has kept extensive records on various transactions with its customers. If a
random sample of 16 of these records shows average sales of 290 liters of diesel fuel with
a standard deviation of 12 liters, construct a 95% confidence interval for the mean of the
population sampled.
22. The strength of steel wire made by an existing process is normally distributed with a mean
of 1250. A batch of wire is made by a new process, and a random sample consisting of 25

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 Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Natural and Social Sciences
Department of Physics and Statistics

measurements gives an average strength of 1312 with a standard deviation of 150. Is there
evidence at the 1% level of significance that the new process gives a larger mean strength
than the old?