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Tutorial Chapter 3

This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) including: 1. The advantages of FM over amplitude modulation (AM) and comparisons between narrowband FM (NBFM) and wideband FM (WBFM). 2. Worked examples calculating frequency deviation and modulation index given message and carrier signals. 3. Using Bessel functions to determine the number and amplitudes of side frequencies in a modulated signal's spectrum and calculate power in the carrier and modulated wave.

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Ahmed Mahmoud Saeed
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27 views

Tutorial Chapter 3

This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) including: 1. The advantages of FM over amplitude modulation (AM) and comparisons between narrowband FM (NBFM) and wideband FM (WBFM). 2. Worked examples calculating frequency deviation and modulation index given message and carrier signals. 3. Using Bessel functions to determine the number and amplitudes of side frequencies in a modulated signal's spectrum and calculate power in the carrier and modulated wave.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Mahmoud Saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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KET4733 ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS

TUTORIAL 3
CHAPTER 3

1. Discuss the advantages of Frequency Modulation (FM) over Amplitude Modulation


(AM).

2. Give three (3) comparisons between the narrowband FM (NBFM) and the wideband
(WBFM).

3. A message signal vm (t ) = 2 sin(10000pt ) volt is used to frequency modulate the


carrier vc (t ) = 10 sin(180 x10 6 pt ) volt. Given the percent modulation is 70%.
Determine:
i) The deviation sensitivity of the modulator circuit.
ii) The frequency deviation of the modulated carrier.

4. A message signal vm (t ) = 2 sin(30000pt ) volt is used to frequency modulate the


carrier vc (t ) = 10 sin( 200 x10 6 pt ) volt. The frequency sensitivity of the modulating
circuit is k1 = 25 kHz/V. Determine the modulation index.

5. Input to an FM modulator with a modulation index m=1.5, is a modulating signal


Vm(t)=Vm sin (2π1000t), and an unmodulated carrier Vc(t)=20 sin(2π500kt).Using
the Bessel graph, determine
i) number of sets of significant side frequencies
ii) Their amplitudes
iii) Draw the frequency spectrum showing their relative amplitudes
iv) Assume load resistance RL =50Ω; determine the unmodulated carrier
power
v) The total power in the angle modulated wave.

6. Explain the relationship between the power in the unmodulated carrier and the
power in the modulated wave for FM.

7. A sinusoidal signal of frequency 15 kHz modulates the frequency of a 10V 100


MHz carrier, causing a frequency deviation of 75 kHz. Using Bessel Table,

(i) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal.


(ii) Determine the fraction of the total power contained in the frequency
band 99.93 MHz to 100.07 MHz.

8. A 5 kHz signal of 5V serves as the modulating signal for two modulator circuits.
One of FM modulator of sensitivity 15 kHz/V and the other a PM modulator of
sensitivity 0.6 rad/V. Determine the Carson’s bandwidth of each of an angle
modulated signal.
9. When the carrier signal v (t ) = 10 sin(10 pt ) V is frequency modulated by the
c
6

message signal v (t ) = 2 sin(10 pt ) , the carrier frequency varies within ± 4% of its


m
4

unmodulated value.

i) What is the modulation index?


ii) What is frequency sensitivity of the modulator?
iii) Determine the Carson’s bandwidth and actual transmission bandwidth
iv) Sketch the amplitude spectrum of the FM signal
v) Determine the percentage of total power contained in the frequency
band 473 kHz to 526 kHz.

10. Determine deviation ratio and bandwidth for the worse case(widest bandwidth)
modulation index

i) For an FM broadcast band transmitter with a maximum frequency


deviation of 75 kHz and a maximum modulating signal frequency of 15
kHz.
ii) For an equal modulation index in (a) with only half the peak frequency
deviation and modulating signal.
iii) Discuss your observation for the answers given in (a) and (b) in terms
of bandwidth occupied in FM.

11. There are two ways to produce Frequency Modulation (FM) signal which are direct
method and indirect method. Briefly explain both of them.

12. With the aid of diagram, briefly explain the operation of the PLL demodulator.

13. Given an FM modulated waveform VFM ( t ) = 20 cos(1x10 6 pt + sin 20 x10 3 pt )


transmitted through an antenna with a load resistance R L = 12W . Determine the
following:

(i) The carrier frequency, fc, modulating frequency, fm and modulation


index, mf.
(ii) The average power in unmodulated carrier.
(iii) The power in each significant side frequencies and thus, the total power
in modulated carrier. (Hint: Use the Bessel Function table).
(iv) Sketch and label the power spectrum of the modulated output wave with
their respective power amplitudes.

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APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2

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