1

PHYSICS
 PROJECTILE MOTION
 MOMENTUM
 WORK AND ENERGY
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WORK AND ENERGY-1 WORK AND ENERGY-2

EXEMPLAR 2008 ADDITIONAL EXEMPLAR
QUESTION 1
2008
2.1 Net force causing motion along the QUESTION 1
ramp:
1.1 The net work done on an object is
Ffricion equal to the change in the object's
kinetic energy. 
● OR
25° Fg||
The work done on an object by a net
force is equal to the change in the
object's kinetic energy. (2)
Fg 25°
1.2 (Ep + Ek)f = (Ep + Ek)i
Fnet = Fg|| - Ffriction  1 2 1 2
mghf + mv f = mghi + mvi 
= mg sin25o – Ffriction 2 2
= (50)(9,8)(sin25°) – 60  m(9,8)(5)  + 0 
= 147,08 N (3) 1 2
= m(9,8)(1,3)  + mvi
2
2.2 Work done by net force: vi = 8,52 m·s 
-1

W = FΔx = 147,08 x 20 
= 2941,66 J OR
Wnet =  Ek = Ekf - Eki 
(Work done is only due to gravity)
W = Ekf - Eki
1 1
Wnet = Fcos   y = mv f - mvi
2 2
Ekf = W + Eki i
2 2
= 2941,66 + ½ 50(2,5)2  1
 mgcos180°(hf – hi) = 0- mvi 
2
= 3097,91 J
2
[Ekf = 0, vf at highest point is zero]
1
 m(9,8)cos180°(5 –1,3 = - mvi
2
Ekf = ½ mv2
 3097,91 = ½ (50)v2  2

3097,91 1
v = = 11,13 ms-1  m(9,8)(-1)(3,7) = - mvi
2
25 (8) 2
[11]  vi = 8,52 m·s  -1

OR
W(external forces) =  Ep +  Ek 
1 2 1 2
0=mg(hf – hi+( mv f - mvi ) 
2 2
1
 - mg(hf – hi) = - mvi
2

2
1
 - m(9,8)(5 – 1,3) = - mvi 
2

2
vi = 8,52 m·s -1 (5)
[7]
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WORK AND ENERGY-3 WORK AND ENERGY-4

KZN JUNE 2008 W. CAPE JUNE 2008
QUSTION 1 QUESTION 1
1.1.1 Work done = area under F. 1.1 Total mechanical energy at top = Total
vs x graph  mechanical energy at bottom Ek + Ep
1 (top)=Ek +Ep (bottom) ½ mv2 +
= bh
2 mgh = ½ mv + mgh 
2
1 0+0,5.9,8.h=½.0,5.0,82+0,5.9,8.0,62
= 3x5 
2 h = 0,16 + 2,94
= 7,5 J  (4) 4,9
= 0,63m (5)
1.1.2 Work done= area ∆1 + area
∆2 + ▭ area 
1 1 1.2 Conservation of mechanical Energy
= 3 +5+ .2.(-3) +5x3
2 2 In an isolated system mechanical
= 7.5 – 3 + 15 energy is conserved provided the
= 24,5 J  (4) sum of kinetic and gravitational
potential energy remains
constant. (3)
1.2 Power = Fv 
= F.x.t
= 3.5.2 1.3.1 Work done = change in
= 30  (5) kinetic energy
(Ek) = Ekf - Eki
1.3 The formula to calculate work done = ½.0,5.0,62 - ½.0,0,82
is W = F(x).s.Cos 𝜃  = 0,09 - 0,16
than f(x) will be the greatest at 𝜃 = = 0,07 J (4)
00 , (horizontal) since Cos 00  =1 ;
at any other values of 𝜃 ,Cos𝜃 will be 1.3.2 Frictional force (2)
less than once hence, the work done [14]
will be less.  (5)
[18]
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WORK AND ENERGY-5 WORK AND ENERGY-6

KZN TRIAL 2008 KZN SUPPORT 2008
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 1

1.1 Emech is not conserved.  This is 1.1 Ek = ½ mv2

not an isolated system / there is = ½ (2500)(12)2 (3)
Friction  (2) = 180 000J
= 1,8 x 105 J
1.2 Ek = K = ½ mv2  = 180kJ
=½ (55)(10)2 
= 2 750 J  (3)
1.2.1 the increase in Ek comes
1.3 Wnc = ΔEk + ΔEp from the decrease in Ep
Fcosθ Δx = Ekf – Eki + Epf - Epi  (drop in Ep is converted to
(18)cos180o(8)  = (½ mvf2 – ½ increase in Ek) (2)
mvi2) + (mghf - mghi) 
-144 = Ekf – ½ (55)(10)2 +
(55)(9,8)(1,2)  – 0
Ekf = 1 959,2 J  (8) F
1.2.2 sin22,54o=
24500
[13]
F = 9391,54N
F
a= R
m

9391,54
a= 2500
a = 3,75ms-1 (5)

1.3.1 The brakes must use up the

increase in the Ek (the
decrease in Ep).
Energy of brakes is:
Ep = mgh
= 2500(9,8)(230)
= 5 635 00J
= 5,635 x 106 J (3)

s
1.3.2 t=v
600
= 12
= 50 s (3)

1.3.3 P = Fv = 9391,54(12)
= 112 698,48 watts (3)
[19]
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WORK AND ENERGY-7 WORK AND ENERGY-8

NOVEMBER 2008 FEBRUARY 2009
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 1

1.1 200 x 1 000 = 200 x 103 kg (1) 1.1.1 Wnet = ΔEp +ΔEk 
∴Wnet
1.2 Eki + Epi = Ekf + Epf
=(mghf–mghi)+(mvf2 – mvi2)
0 + mghi = Ekf + 0
5 4
0 + (200 x 103)(9,8)(150) = Ekf + 0 ∴7 x 10 – 8,5 x 10 
 Ekf = 2,94 x 108 J (4) = 10 000(9,8)(hf – 0)+ 0
5
1.3 Ekf = ½m v 2f ∴6,15 x 10 = 10 000(9,8)hf
2,94 x 108 J= ½(200 x 103)vf2 ∴ hf = 6,28 m 
(3) (6)
vf = 54,22 m∙s-1
1.1.2 W = F Δx cos θ 
1.4 85 2,94 x 10 8 5
P(output) = x ∴ 7 x 10 = F(23)(1) 
100 1 4
= 2,49 x 10 W
8 ∴ F = 3,04 x 10 N 
(2) P = Fv 
4 20000
= (3,04x10 )( )
1.5 Converted to sound and heat in 60 x60
turbine. (1) 5
(6)
= 1,6 x 10 W 
[11]
1.2 Any TWO:
Surface must provide sufficient
friction like sand 
Must be long enough for vehicle to
stop.  (2)
[14]
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WORK AND ENERGY-9 WORK AND ENERGY-10

EXEMPLAR 2009 KZN JUNE 2009
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 1

1.1 Wtot = Wf + ΔPE 1.1 The speed has not changed , hence
= 5,84 x 106 + 1750 x 9,8 x 55 the Δ K remains constant  (2)
= 6,78 x 106 J
P = W/t ; 1.2 F parallel to the surface = m g sin 𝜃
t = 570 / (72 x 10 / 36) = (60.9,8)  sin 2,4/12
= 28,5 s = 117,6 N 
∴ P = 6,78 x106 / 28,5 F total = F parallel to the surface + F friction 
= 2,38 x 105 W (3) = 117,6 + 6
= 123,6 N 
1.2 Zero. According to Newton’s First W = FΔx cos 𝜃 
Law constant velocity means FR = 0. (2) = 123,6 .12 . cos 𝜃 
= 1483,2 J  (8)
1.3 90 kmh-1 = (90/36) x 10
= 25 ms ; 72 kmh-1 = (72/36) x 10
-1

= 20 ms-1 1.3 U = Ep = mgh 

Wtot (by engine) = Wf + ΔKE - ΔPE = 60  . (9,8 . 2,4) 
(in a sense we “get back” the PE, i.e. = 1411,2 J  (4)
this is work the engine doesn’t have
to do!) 1.4 P=Fv
= (6,44 x 103 x 570) = 123,6 . 8 
+ [½x1100 (252 – 202)] = 988,8 W  (4)
–1100 x 9,8 x 55
= (3,67 x 106) + (1,24 x 105)
1.5 Reduce the friction of the slope.  (2)
– (5,93 x 105)
[20]
= 3,20 x 106 J (7)
[12]
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WORK AND ENERGY-11 WORK AND ENERGY-12

KZN PREPARATORY 2009 NOVEMBER 2009
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 1

1.1 2 ms
-1
 (2) 1.1 Option 1:
Direction of motion as positive:
1.2 Fnet = ma 
-30 = (3)a 
∴a = - 10 ms-2
vf2 = vi2 + 2aΔx 
= (7)2 + 2(-10)(2) 
∴vf = 3 ms-1

Option 2:
Wnet = ΔK  or ΔEk
FΔxcosθ= ½mvf2 –½ mvi2
(30)(2)cos180°
Wnet = Fnet x cos 𝜃  =½ (3)vf2-½ (3)(7)2 - 60
525  = Fnet . 7. cos 180o = 1,5vf 2- 73,5
Fnet = - 75 N  ∴ vf = 3 ms-1 (5)
Fnet = mgsin𝜃 + Ff
1,4 1.2 Any one of the following labels:
75 = 32 . 9,8 .  + Ff
7 • wparallel or w//
Ff = 6,4 N  (8) • F g(parallel) or Fg//
[10] • mgsin20°
• Component of weight parallel to
incline

Checklist
Free-body diagram
Direction of force indicated
as parallel to and down

incline (not needed to show
incline)
Correct label 
(2)

1.3 Wnet = ΔK  (or ΔEk)

Fg//Δxcosθ = mvf2 – mvi2
(3)(9,8)sin20°(d)cos180°
= 0 - 21(3)(3)2 
- 10,06d = - 13,5
∴ d = 1,34 m  (5)
[12]
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WORK AND ENERGY-13 WORK AND ENERGY-14

NOVEMBER(UNUSED)2009 FEBRUARY 2010
QUESTION 1 QUESTION 1

1.1 0 (N)/Zero 1.1 The net work done on an object is

no acceleration/constant velocity  (2) equal to the change in the object's
kinetic energy. 
1.2.1 U i+Ki+Wfriction+Wapplied OR
= Uf + Kf  The work done on an object by a net
0+fΔxcosθ+Wapplied=mgh(Ki force is equal to the change in the
= Kf) object's kinetic energy. (2)
0+(50)(10)(-1)+Wapplied
= (120)(9,8)(1,5)  1.2
N/FN/Force of surface on object
∴ Wapplied=2 264 J  (2,26
 f/F /Force of friction 
x 103 J) (5) f

1.2.2 Wapplied = F Δxcosθ  Fg/w/Force of earth on object (3)

2264 J = F(10)(1)  
∴F=226,4 N(2,26 x 102 N) (4)
[11]
1.3 v 2f = v i2 + 2ax 
= (0)2 + (2)(2)(10) 
= 40 m2·s-2

Ekf = ½m v 2f 
= ½(60)(40) 
= 1 200 J 

1.3.1 v 2f = v i2 + 2ax 
= (0)2 + (2)(2)(10) 
= 40 m2s-2

Ekf = ½m v 2f 
= ½(60)(40) 
= 1 200 J  (5)

1.3.2 Wg = w// xcosθ 

= mgsin 25°(10)(cos 0°)
= (60)(9,8)sin25°10(1)
= 2 485 J  (4)
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1.3.3 Wnet = Ek

Wg(parallel to slope) + Wf = Ek 
WORK AND ENERGY-15
2 485 + Wf = 1 200  EXEMPLAR 2010
Wf = - 1 285 J  QUESTION 1
(If + 1 285 J deduct 1 mark) (4)
1.1

1.3.4 Wf = Ff Δxcosθ 
- 1 285 = f(10)cos180° 
Ff = 128,5 N  (3)
[21]

1.1.1 SIN θ = 1/15 

θ = 3.82o 
component down slope
= W sin θ 
= (70)(9,8) sin (3,82)
= 45,70 N  (4)

1.1.2 P=Fv
P = (45.70)(9.0) 
P = 411.3 W  (3)

1.2.1 Because the friction force

between the bicycle wheels
and the ground is neglected,
we can say that:
Kinetic energy → Potential
energy  (1)

1.2.2 Ebot+PEbottom=KEtop+PEtop
½ mv2 + 0 = 0 + mgh
h = v2/2g
h = (9,0)2/(2(9,8))
h = 4,13 m 
sin θ = h/distance
distance = 4,13/sin3,82o
= 62,44 m  (5)
[13]
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WORK AND ENERGY-16

E.CAPE SEPTEMBER 2010
QUESTION 1

1.1 The work done on a body by a

resultant force is equal to the change
in the kinetic energy of the body.  (2)

1.2 ΔEk = ½ mv2 – 0

= ½ .1.10-3 .4.4 
= 8. 10-3 J 
ΔEp = mgΔh 
= 1.10-3.9,8.10 
= 98.10-3 J 
Work done by friction force
=ΔEk-ΔEp 
= 8 . 10-3 J – 98.10-3 J 
= -9,0 x 10-2 J  (9)
[11]