SOCIALIZATION

WHO AM I?

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 Michael H. Bond
College students’ self-concept
The Effect of Culture Among Respondents in Hong
Kong, Japan and the United States

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Role Hong
Japan USA
Category Kong
Family M 17% 8% 9%
F 22% 13% 23%
Age M 13% 30% 8%
F 20% 26% 18%
Sex M 18% 28% 16%
F 28% 31% 32%
School M 32% 29% 31%
F 22% 25% 26%
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
THE SELF IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION

• It is not there at birth

• It develops through social interaction

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Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
The Looking Glass (鏡子) Self
“We see ourselves through the eyes of others”

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George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) Role Taking

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Children learn how to put themselves in someone
else’s position, to understand how others see them

Stages
• 1. Imitation (Children under 3)
• 2. Play (3-6 years old). Communication. With people closest to them.
• 3. Games (over 6)

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
THE GENERALIZED OTHER (society as a
whole)
realize that people have multiple roles

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But does that mean we have no free
will or independent thought?
• The “Me” The social self
• The “I” our response to the “Me”

• The me: “I should go to college”

• The I: “I’m not so sure if that’s the best thing. Everyone else may be
doing it, but is it right for me? Maybe I should travel first? Earn some
money? Get some work experience?

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Heredity or environment?
Biology or culture?

• Feral/Isolated Children
• Institutionalized Children
• Studies of separated twins
• Deprived animals: Harry and Margaret Harlow (1962)

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
OTHER THEORIES OF SOCIALIZATION

• Sigmund Freud (1856-1939): Development of Personality. Id, Ego,

Super Ego.
• Jean Piaget (1896-1980): development of reasoning
• Lawrence Kohlberg (1975), Carol Gilligan (1982). The Development of
Morality.

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Sigmund Freud

• ID
• EGO
• SUPER EGO

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These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Freudian slips

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiPzM98h7NA

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Lawrence Kohlberg

• 1. Amoral Stage (up to age 7). No right or wrong

• 2. Pre-conventional Stage (7-10). Learn enough to stay out of trouble
• 3. Conventional stage. Follow norms and values of society
• 4. Post-conventional stage. Formulate more abstract rules and laws.

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Humphrey Bogart

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• Audrey Hepburn

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Lauren Becall

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Marlene Dietrich

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The Beatles

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The Queen’s sister (Princess Margret) –
smoking!!!!

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• President Ronald Reagan
advertising cigarettes.

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
Heroin sold as cough medicine!

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
How did drugs like marijuana come to be
criminalized in the US?
• In the late 1960s, what kinds of
people were challenging the
Nixon administration in the
United States??
• What kinds of people became
associated with drugs?

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.
President Duterte (Philippines)

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Howard Becker: Becoming a
Marijuana User

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What are the stages of becoming a
Marijuana user?
• Learn to smoke it
• Learn to recognize the effects and connect them with drug use
• Learn to enjoy the effects

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 Traditional explanations for marijana use
Psychological Pre-dispositions/motivations

• Boredom
• Poverty
• Parental neglect
• Addictive personalities

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The sociological approach

Motivations [動力/動機] do not come first. Motivations don’t cause

the action.

We LEARN the motivations for taking the drug by interacting in the

community of drug users.

“The motivation…to engage in the activity is built up in the course of

learning to engage in it and does not antedate早於 this learning
process.” p.235.

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• “What was once frightening and distasteful becomes, after a taste for
it is built up, pleasant, desired and sought after.”
• “Enjoyment is introduced by the favorable definition of the
experience that one acquires from others.”
• “without this, use will not continue.” p. 241

These slides are the property of J. M. Groves and no permission is given to reproduce them on any website.