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Edc Lab

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34 views78 pages

Edc Lab

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pranathi.musunuru
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sub [alles | Hap save orectiften " I3)12}oa ‘i olf -lesh}es | Petia effab transistom Leet} Table 4 2 Coloun codes at mesistom. | Black | Bacon] Red | Ommrge|Yettow [Green | Blue | Violet ee | q bee re | Reststom _ Cnlousrcode U-band colon lode tok ohms + 54 eh —- 236 chm 4 5h \S muttipiio Tole nance “Tempe nator Coe$Pictent ——— BRN ~1o0p9m [REO opr | LORN~IS ppm LMEES tsipom Figs procedure to find the Value of sectsiom using Calouy cal ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Exp. No.: STUDY of cRO-. pier ® | Date: Baste electronte compor Tents. 2 1-1 Resfstons- A siesiston fs a passive two terminal elechi -cal mesistance as a cireult element the current -+hrough a aesiston fs In different direct paopogation to the volt acnoss the mesistoo's tenminates. This aielationship mepresented| e When Tis the current though the conduction in units of amphenes jv. fs the current potential difference Measused acnoss +he conductons Wn untts of ohms volts al R Ts the mesistarce of the conductor In units of chms athe nakio of voltage opplted acaoss a mesistors semmiina)s +o the Intensity of cusiment fn the current %s Called mesistanu, and the can be assumed to bea constant[andepentedenst of the voltage] fon osdinasy sesiston working witkin their satings. 1B coloun Coding of- Resislon® coloun 5 ee wea ame identified fn the following Sequence which Ts emenber as [BBkoYGBVaw) and their assignment as Visted In Following -table....- - res ae Gploun codes §- Resiston ane devices that mits nt flow and psiovides a Voltage daop In elechical Clee t pata Baa Castbon Mesistoms ane phystally Small, they e ae ed -to Identify thet Mes Dnct Value %n oh of colour bonds on the body of a metstons 3s the +he value ofa resist, mn ‘ost Common System foo ineludty by value electronic . Industis lou Coding is Standapdized Use jhe Resistom coloun code chapt +e Assodatton Cét Uundess4ta fee rf use the Coloum code system. é Off peter Sickie locking athe chant, note the stlustrat fon] The Cunel mesistoms Wily numesious colour Code bonds! € fast aestston tn the chant note mith 4 bonds tells Yeov 4Fous im) tos HooV GAokie im tos%e he Ree a | - Fagus elechic capactiag’ of lillian velop and Copacttance. , id body est = Mepecd WUE, 351 ‘antalum Capactid) SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ot SE Date: [gouthe minima foomation gou can teasin from a nesisha| he next [os-bond code) provides aAUHIE mone Tmformatton about the Steststom+ The thind mesiston [a-6-bond Jpnovides even mosie ‘mformatfon- Each coloun bond is assocfated 7 with a numesikal value. acto S- A Capocttorn (oxiiginatly known os condenses] #54] Passive’ +wo-4@ouninals' electyical component’ used to Store energy elechosiatially tm an elechte field: Gy combvact, baer Stome enengy via chemtal aeacHfons. the-fomms of proctical Capatitons Very Wideiy but all contains at least two electrical Conductors Sepeouled by a Afelectife [insulators]; fom example , SNe. Cormmon conshaiehion’ condisds. of, metal fall seperate by 2 thin layeor of insulating film copaction ane widely ae ecivical cfreutts Tn many Common elect evices. When thene fs potertHal diffenence (Notiax] acnoss the Conductors, a stDtic electic fretd colds acnoss the Atele lc Re aitomrvs chasigé 0 collection on one plate a ees iid on the otheo: plate. eheagy is Stoned §n the “hn Sdeal Hom Is chastoctentzed bya Single 1 Capacttehce . This 8S the mato Of he elech? e@ on 1c Were The Sa ariuetoas 40 the polenta” etfference. behocen Fe one coulomb -per f Copattoace ts the fanody , which b.ciscutt Symbols Wines and ..connections Component | Circuit Symb [ ‘ Functions: To Pass: Gurvent veay easily | Fee, one from one pant of a Circuit ; +t0_anothen- i Wise TJable A? Common Capo Bt Specification and Taode off 's het Notes. fae &S -age|>alirg| Range Gen Pp-ye| toro | med] high P55to) mutt pumpose. - tase tee om RP. oy sso], Por BE Fab ers Ferre} och Mow | Mh T se expensive Veo | i Stables | 3 aes Peat | mnedt| med tg [ventas] POPs tate Frequency Hes cheap. oe e ~s5ttd Expensive’ Non— : “eee Linear a, audio). ! 1 aes | por 3s e ety highest SS to | Best qualtty hig! hes, o-015| to ts : loan | | [¥ios | padce. | fe “U8 fy | FOr love- find med HFS | o.cs.|) med Voovo ge freqee ecg cheapttall ne Change fom lon: Hm, 4 Production tek, me Not fom be | SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. 3 A'blob’ Should be deawn Where Wives ane connected (idined), but dt ¥s Some- Himes omited wires connected at'cross ads’ should be Stagged at Slight ~to form two T-juncHons as Shown On the aight. , In complex diagram ft ts often neces Say to drawn wines crossing €ven| ogous they ane not connected- The ets Crossing pen the (eft, 1s Correct pi rey be misreacl as ajoin Wher ¢ Blob has been fom gotien- The Fowen Supplies err Component | Cireutt Syvnbol | function . of component. 1 Supplies electrical entagy- the cet —w lasige-terminal [on the tepretgrel Cetf is the often Called a balesty, but sticHy abateay two 8 méae ICeNE Joined’ ~toge thesr. Supplies elechical ene: A batt __|%s mose than one cett. Si e tenminal Con (eft) is positives), Convests Ught te elechteal ener, the Congen terminal onthe teft 'S postttve (+), Supplies clechical enengy be =diel curvent, always Héwing fone dimensional? 1"" fe . =allernay Supplies elechical energy Ae=alle fag current, conifnuousty charging Calculations - ine Wave f- Romp Wave Amplthide ~ (.uaxos BYx OS Amplitude = 21g Time ested = (xosms Tree pesitod = = OSms frequency . 1 ae enc pattie APA. 6 iS = aha. Teongulan Wove 3 Ynplttude = 3.6 x0.5° Pulse Wave 2- =e Time pented = axoe = ©.6ms Srequeney Ume pesied 2 taxes | = O96ms fn quency \ Time peated _ = leur Ww Lraxos o-ems. 1 a LOM ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY |Exp. No. Page No, This -type of Vontable ousisted Wh Qeontacts ais usually Ho conto current Example include 3- adjusting Lamp. [befightnese, adjusting the sate of Flow of change Into a capacitor’n| ating cae i Vantable THis type of Vasiable oesiston FS mn With 3 Contaels ts usually used to esiston Contvot Voltage « 3 can be used to [Potentro variable mesis-ton [Rheo stat Gke this as “hansduces Convertid riedes] posiffon Spindle -tean electrical Signal. This type of variable nesiston, fs operated witha srroll Screw Jdaiiven 6t Smilan -tool. atts destgna 40 be set when the cireutt is model and them lef} without fustthes| adfustment presemls are ch 4han noxmal vaxioble sesicton So they ane offen used *n Porofects to meduce the cost Nasiable Resisto, Cpreset capacttons s component | cimcuit symbol | Function of component A capactton Stones elechic change- ae ts sed 4 % ts Fn a Himing ton. ere [wiih o esis os i |! Uneuit: Lt can be alse be used as a frites td block de Stgnal* but pass Ac Signals. A vantable aciton is used tn a madio-tunen- » SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. = Exp. No.: ‘A capacitom Stones electric change: This type must be Connected the corvect way 710") nd A capaction fs used with _ [Mesiston ¢n a timing Graft 44 can also be used as o filler +o block O¢ Signals but | pass ac Signals. This type of Vasiiable Copacite fs opemated with, a Small Timmer r lA (Scenes daiven om Similan — Capacttom | Polovised | Fapactton tool. 14 fs designed When Cfrcitt %s made and then left mithout furthes Taansistoas ctreatt Symbol | FuncHon of component. . [A -hansiston amplifien current 4 can be used with othen | components to make an amplifren on switching Cirui eo | ansiston amplifen current AIS | Hean be used wtih oes com { “rents make an amplifies. Alight sentitive tyans?stom . \ Adevice winich onty allows \ current +o flow In one direction . ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Exp. No.: Page No. fe Date : Diodes 3- ene ; Component cioeuit symbot | Funcifon of component | device Which only tod 3 Bice — ~~. jatlows curvent -to flew! fr [one divection, | A-+vansision Which converts cleWical energy -to Ught. Led Zt se z | A Special diode which $$ pe arte. used 4o maintain a fixed ms i [esha across THs ternirals geek Zener diode A Night sensitive diode Phot> Diode. | ™ An oscilloscope 1s a test fnstrument pai allows us +o look at the Shape of éelechical Signals by Atpleying 2 graph of Voltage agantst “time on HS Screen SETS (Fke @ voltmeter wit the Vantable extra -functon of Showing hors the Volage Vaofes with me. A gratdue With a tem 37id enables us +o take meacumments of weHage and “me from the Sencen. Th * 974ph usually called the “hace, ?s deenn bya b ey =, ee of lechons shaking the phospher Cocctirs| making %t emit light, usually green Biblie| Im te the Way a -lelevision. prctine 75 Pig VGuternal ‘blocky of “exe CeO EPEC Liga: osence of input sail Sigu: Conshucton of a co-oxtal lead ee SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY No. Page No. 3 Exp. No.: [Date = Oscilloscope contain a Vatumtube with a ecaling at one end 4p emtit electrons and on anode aceevlate them so they move smapidty drawn on the table fo the Seren. Thus movrangement % Called a @lechon Gun. The tube also tontotne elechodes to defd the electyon beam. up|down and left | aight. the electrons ane Called Cathode x emiHect by the allow? s because they ame Cathede and thts gives the oon "J us to easily comegne the input and outp one ef & amplifies Se tie et BE at Woxth Poyng he modest extra cost +o have this facility. Basic of operations s- Setting up on oscilloscope 8- oscilloscope ase complex gnshuments with many coninols and they Nequfore Some came +o set up ond use successfully. Hf 18 quite easy fo lose’ the + Off the Semeen St controls ae set wrongly. There fs Some Vasiiation fn the arrangement and labelling of- the many corhols -So, the -fo adopted fom this tnstrument. I> suttth on the oscilloscope +d wasm up Lit dakes a minute 6 two] > Do not connect the input Lead at this sdage > Set the ACJ@nDdI De (switch by the 4 input) to DE lowing §nshuttons may be —> Set the SWD]x-Y swith +o swo Csweep) i> Toiggen level +o AvTO- >Set the 4 Amplifier to toms sv tom[ > Set “Tmiggen Soupice to INT Lintermal_ the We ‘ Paes Alatle wave {8m = ee SRI PADMAVATHI ea etapa reese aae TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. x | Dat [set the TIME BASE to’ VARIABLE contol +o] & Cal > Adjust 4 shift Cup] down) and v suet Clest [vi ght) tol Jive a trace Aemoss the middle of the Screen , tke the pictus « > Adjust INTENSITY Coty baitght , shap trace. The htness) and Focus +o give a Following -type of trace Ts Obseaved on CRO after Sing “pr tehen thene 13 no input signal. Connectiong on Oscilloscope 2— The Y fnput leads -to an oscilloscope should be a Co- axial lead and the Figure u shows tts construction Cenfral wire Comstes the Signal and the Seowen Ts connected] to eanth i) +o Shield the signal from elechical terface {usually called noise]. Most oscillos: have a@ BNe seck tr and load 75 connected vith TOR wk re Bien a disconnet we need to twist andl pull psofessfonals use Speciatly designed lead and [Probes kit -foor best mresults. With high frequency signals and when esting high resis Circuits, but this fs mot essential -fom Similan work at audio Frequencies [upto 20ktH2) Obtaining . a clear and Stable trace 2- Once tf we connecd the oscillostope to the Creatt if ts necessary -to adjust the controls to obtat 4 clean and Stable trace on the screen In order bh tae Fob > The “Amplifier (volt slem) Contvol delesimines at which que faa: Square wave SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Exp. No. Date? : The dot Sweeps atvoss the screen fn orden -to +est A choose a Setting So the -trace Shows at feast one Gy Page No. 3 of the Siqnal across the Seneen in onder Note Hat a stealy de Snput Signal gives a hoafzontal (ine tvace for wntth the-time base setting 1s nol CriHfcal- p? The higge conhol f usually best lef} set to Auto hace of an AC signal with the oscilloscope contol? correctly: Set %s an shown en fig . Measuating vols and +Hme Pertod 8- The trace on an oseg a c cilloseope Seveen #8 & Graph of Voltage aganist -fime 4 “¥ he Shape of this graph 7s deteamined by the natusie 73% a eat ee al Fgnal-In addttien + the properties labelled on the A is frequents which is the no.of & graph, there 7 Qyeles pest seconds. The diagram Shows @ Sine wave but et npeiics” ‘ te ang Signal with a constant Shape “ery Amplitude? 9 1s the maximum Voltage reached ey the Stqnal ft fs Measuned tn Vols. > peak Voltage s- #8 anothen fom Amplitude Peak — Peak v, - 4 fe oltage: Ps twice the peak \ioltage Tamplttude) wh a 2 en wading on Oscilloscope ~trace Ft 3s usual po measune Peak — Peak Aglians. Time Pesrfod s fs the +fme taken -fom +he Stgnal +e * Complete one Gyle. at Ts measuned. fn Seconds (s) but e—Peated .fenal —to be Shooit.Se mill? Seconds [ms] and Regu mo Seconds fxs] ame offen used tms= 0.001 See and IMS = 0.0 OCOOOIS. Fs . Stne: wave woo) Fyne KOH 4y 4 *Tatongulan eave re Se me | . eee ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. ,., Date : frequency s- Ps no of cyeles pen “Serondls « 9 7S measur fn hepl 2Gi1g) but frequencies trend to be high So biloheple (eH2) anol mega heple (mur) ase often used. \ n KH% = loool? and tMya = taipadbo. ta 2 7 Time. peoited En Tolan ct ar Hg ig) i) oe Sigh 2 Block degoram off sequlal ed fower sry Tia fs Year a" pul ——O e sol we ov av tia + huol ae SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Exp. No.: f. Study of function Page No. (( : nesiedon-. : A Funclion genenaton fs o device thal con parcduce Vasious prvesins of voltage at a vasilely o ences and arrpltiaes at Ay oe test the fA Cnctts te common imput signals the eleehical Ceads from the device ave attached -to the gaoundg Signal input tesuritnas of the device under -test. Featuses ¢ conbols g- choose th "sae generates allovs the use7t to oS of th t ral options. 2 oulput from, a Srrall no: of > s ‘ Til vs. ave — The signal goes dimectly from high t dels 24S Te duly eye of a Signal ovefesrs jo the of bigh Voltage to ovo Voltage. Hime tna Squane ne Wave 2 The signal Cuswes tke a strwsold from high + low Voltage The amplitude contol on a beomes funeion. Generator vasites the voliage difference bebwcence the high and fom voltage of the oulput Signal. the dtaect Cumnent of ff set Control on 2 -functton generator fom Vosites the average Voltage of a Signal melalive +> the ground . the frequency cortrol of & -funetfon eaalon contol of a -fundfon generaloy contvol sede at witch output signals, oscillates on Séme -funetfon generators, the frequent control ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY one set of contmols chooses the beand -frequency marge and the othen Selects the precise frequen ay this allows the function genesraton -bo handle +he @nonomous Vargation In frequent Scale needed cfor signals. How +e use a -funclon enematons 2- After powesting on the -functon generacton, th output signal needs to be tontifigured +o the desined Shape . Typically , this means connecting the signal and ground leads -fo an oseilloseppes fo check the conhols Adjust the function genenalon unttl the ouput signal anal ground leads +e ari oscilloscopes +o check the contnols. Adjust the function Genexaton until the output Signal 3s comnect rand gawound of the -funetion generats should atach q negative ‘put of the clevice , but Usually - attaching 4o gzound 48 Sufficert . Parecaustions z- > Avoid loose tonnections en cRo and -functfon genenatyon > Taking a seadtngs utthout panallox ¢a20m. tence “should sdudfed +he baste elechonic equipment and Components openations and observed the wave fr fn the cro and Caleulaled +e ~ime, ie ek of the wave’ form. SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 7 Study of Regulated power Page No. 12 —Supply- Thene ane many types of powen Supply. Most axe designed -fo convent ‘tifgh. Vollage Ac ma?ns eletyfetty too Sutfable Cow Vollage Supply foo alectroriic Cinatds and othen devices. A Power Supply Can broken down fino a Sesites of blocks; each of which performs a pasciculan -fanction . fom example a 5V megulated Supply. Each of the blocks ts descortbed fn -mose detail [Date < below s- . TTaunsfoamen g- Steps down high voliage Ac mains +t tow voltage AC: Reckiften 2 convents Ac -to Be but she De output * Varying. Smoothing &- Smooth the dc from Vanujing greately ‘to a Small ottpple- “Crass Tria by Selecting ve output to a “fixed vottage. Dual Supplies 3- Regulaton Re Some celechonte cincuitts mequine a power with postive and negative output as tell a3 eno Vols BY this fs called a dual Supply becaue T+ ts Ike “hwo eadinesy Supplies Dual Stapplies have three ouput - for e ples atav “Supply “has tay, ov and -IV owttuts. ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY [Pate : ee y | Botead Roomd This is a Koy of rroting a Jemporony Cri cfor -pesting purpose om ta tyout an. idea. No soldering and HI) -the Component can be re-used [Exp. No.: ‘is mequined afterttocnds. 94 1s eosy Lo change Connections and ereplace component Almost all the elechontes elub Atfe on bead boand +o check profects Staaled as intended. the Cincuit worked ; kL VAM So + — 1 re (0-20) (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) 2 ) } @® SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY P-N Junetion dfede characterstics | page No. 16 [exp No) | Aims To observe and daaw the forward and mevense bias vet chovoilesstics of P-N Junction diode. Apparatus 3- ja g.nN9 Type | P-N- d?ode In yoo? Pay) St fh Agog 1 A-P-N Mcetiog aftne one —-dtmection the me Se . Blege asmes Volt Eas cits ond@eammant thaough the diede when extern oltage 78 Rem circuit g open G potential bosmtens does not allow the Cusimnent +o? flow- Thenefone, the Cincuitk, Cuoment fs Reno. when a p— 4s connected to +Ve —teaminal § N-type [cathode ei - T oy : . $s tenn ve teeuinal of Supply Voltage TS Known aS forwoamd ee The potential banomen as meduced. when the diode 7s tn fomwaed biased condition, At Sor ne -fosusand Volioge the potential: bamsen tS reduced When Aode Fs the fooword biased ‘Cond?tion: “At Son€-foowand vollage, the potential basiiteo %s Voljage “there “eltatnatfon G Current Starts ~flowwing Hrvovle Tabula Column f= ‘ forward biase~ 4 ——) Voltage ocross clade (vy) | Cunnent through diode + 1 - —| ; Hee as ’ a o.4g | : or | o-s3 | n 4 o.ss fie 3 We ley \\ 3 6 O.e | y a 0.62 A 3 O64 , 4 laid A = | Ore Sow at a | v to gchar? us uw : 0-68. id i 2 Fg 2. | 3 Oe \e | 7 T 0.93 f | Pus ' oa | ‘I Ao ‘ ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY the dtode and also fn the cfoaitt, the dfode ts Said cto be tn “on” state. the current Fnemeases with Tneneasing forwand Veltage ‘ When N-type %s connected -to —ve terminal of the apes, Voltage Ts known as meverse bior § the potental bamatern across the Ju D Ve psd Flows Gn the cise Slate. the arevedh canofens- i 9, Poocedumes- || ©) Fon -foswand ean el % Wo mesislance becomes D Connectons asie ® fstiefoucond of the dfode- 3 swith on the power Supply § fncneased the fnput Moltage -on steps. 4) The Consesponding Carrorent Flowing hough hel dtode § Voltage acess the diode fom coc Step of the Input. Revense ‘bias § re 1) Connections ane mode as pen efmuutt dtagqram: 9%) fom mevense bias, the RPS +Ve 7S Connect -to the Cothad of diode a BPs —ve.%s connected fp the cathode ancde of the -dfede. - a fnput ve S) swift on powen Supply § Irenease the “npul ie Reverse fas > SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. ® (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. 1 steps: 4) The Comsresponding cussent Flowing though the diede voltage! acmoss the diode fon each § every Sep of the anput Vollae wee noled> 9S) The meadings of voltage & cumaent ulene noted & tabulate] 6) Graph was “plotted ow voltage and the cuanent | Paecautions 2~ io io entire, thee DAW the Sea 8) pamallel ‘erromiys/ P Ass / -from Analog Per ode, toeutt cltagrarn with Hen without stent Lo ee ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY or Page No, a Faye WAve Date: 4), [aL RecrzFrer Aim & Te Find the "pple factor of a Full wave rectifier Ad with fete, & without fsHeo. Apposatus 2.» Sni0 | Name of the component | Type | Range | Quon a | ig a I ie |: | Ih Dfode | ("pas 2 Multfmetesr | _, | Co-tee)y en 3 Transfosimen | at tra ~o-)v) Ot 4 Pitter Fidueton! | Laois} 01 Ss. 'Piften capaction | Paesey | (4 6 load sestcton | mE [fe ee Bread Boand. | \ a 8. | cennecting Wwitaes | | \orv ea y Bec d | The owt of a centen dapped fall wave nectifieot used -two dfodes Org Dy Musing +Ve half cycle of Secondaay Do| Ts mevense bfased jthe dtede D, tondurks Cunsent flows Wreiough, ithe loool sesistanee Ry. Auatng -Ve half tycle He Afode Dy becomes forward biased & D, neveose Biased, Now Og Cndutl § Cussent flows Hrrough the Ru in the Same olfmection:' Thene 78 continuous Current flows though the Joao mesislane Re, Duntng the rls ele g-Gnlil + get undinectional cuxnent as ie in ‘the model graph, The _ di tween full Wave fference_b Tabula column S— te falter? 7 VA gro} Tde (ma) | Ve Cv) ' “Wye cv) 3 Macly,, | | fy as: ere 13.499 0.49 i je. | sd |. 6.43 134s | o4y ‘i }3| a5) ph egg) | eae | ous | ‘G1 100 Py @2y tate 0.47 | S| tac | iia 12.39 0. US | 6. | 18 ous sy Phas as: 1) set 13s ! 0-43 lL 200 |! ‘| 5.94 12.3 ac hooMpy = 2054 fe} Tdeema) | Vac cv) | vac) 1 Bs Value 2a Page No, Goll Weve. er Full wave riectifienr ripple factor cy Page No. fouls edad k= 0-03. at = bri eer Md juried ee. | ce 12 (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM., TIRUPATI ® SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No.4 recifien allows undiorectional cussent +o the load dusting the entine 260) of the Tmput signal and half wave nedifter allows the only dusting one half cycle (186) Porocedume > DAS pen the diagmam of the efrcutk the connections Wwene Mode. DS) pat racy side of the Ttaerfe eS ey § Second side Ye tefSem S At the input M/sfdd o measured. f° §) Beth Ac ye ° u ac A .\ ithe a2 Volfage was oH UH 4 Pmeasured Jat outside output Coz] fh i 6)Acswss the load resistance , the fitlen capatiton was connected and the Values Of Vac and Wye wene measused at the output | with and without filler capaciton , the theenitical Values of mipple prackeal values of Vac onl Vye with the theorit Hea Values, the practical Voluts are compared “Precautions 2 : im g Sumdany of the —Hronefirenen ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Should be camefully tdentifred . & The polasiities of all diodes Should be canefully Adentitien. Result s- Hence the aitpple factor Ge tut wale nectiffesn with and without filter was veattied Successfully % 3 Wene dawned. | | Ciswutt diaqrem 3- | | a Ss he o 230% he | 2 Rest okt 3 | | SLE cs | | Botdge mectifien vutthout 1 ~ fi bles Boa a q L met Bordge nectifien’ watt T - fiHen? i Expeted graph t- vx ie Cs ae a ay) PR wath fer. set ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Pim f- T0 Calculale the siipple facton of a badge mectifion with and, without -ftlem! a) i | tyre | Range |Guonhhy | | | tone fiasv |? toomH UL td ef a fall Hove. rectifier f tonnected) ‘Ta the -form then companed ste balf wove suectifien . Dusking each half cyle of the Frput only -too Afodes wilt be conducting turtle othen two dfodes one %n evense bias. Procedure * 1) Connections one mode as pen the diagram. 2 The ac main “was connected -to primacy side of a -transfon G Secondany Stde fo botdge 2ectifien. : core 3) The ac Voltage of mectifien at fnput was meas ust mytfimelen. ‘ 4) cng ine the ac and de voltage Can be found y using the ll as 50 as yoo las, ito tas goo Ltt 4 Hen ~ Vael(v) — Vaetv) 6.40 | 1341 6.61 ie 46 | a ey oat losg Cae | tocag 6.06 | ae aie | wa: 84 168 [ TLaccna) ord redifie Date at "age No. P SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA Vio eee (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No3\ Vm wT Ve = Precautions 3 1) The voltage applied should not euced tn the mating of the diode. Result 3- Hente the oipple factosstOfranbatdge nectefien with and withodt filten is cop PEL Sige fs (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY commen e@mtten Tnput & ctput chamactemsticas @ SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI Page No. 33 Aim To deiaw the Fnpub § output chasiaclerstics In Ce configuoration. Apparuitus &- of the component | Range | Quanitly | Transiston (NPN) | Be1o7 Res Boule Reststisig ; Boidad (Bah L Sem? A bipdan Junction’ shoot consists dhaee testinal Condutton device, Bade rediten) Cohetton. ane three +ferminals. PP) mitten 1: heavily copped ; ease ts Ughy cleped and collector B mmodenaiely doped Enfllen ~ base’ Junction ‘te —forwand based and collectom base Suntton 18 sevense bfased. We fae Cé, CB, cc Confiquarations tmput.and output. ce the PE: Cisonattic eg Vee *$ constant Vpe and Ig axe noted with Suitable values. -foor ottput ehasrae Constant and Vee Ie ane noted. Porocedunes: Input cl t- anstics 8 D Makehecessany ciecutt connect i : fons Mefeonit keep diquae Veefat Leno. re a : , fentsHes tq ts kept obulan column i= i Tnput dhosoctensties *- output chonactersteg- Te = Selia Igeasua Yeetv) | tecmay Veety> | Telmay Q ¥ ty “Ay 4 Nhe ey 14 * a 14% c Ww. Quy tag i el 3 . mS 3s, 20.4 7 Te is es x) tu ts as ake s BE | oes, ay | 6 oS £5, aa Common) EMurieR INPUT AND OUTPUT CHARACTERSTICS Poye No. 34 (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. @ SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. a- ® Vaay the Fnput- Nellage fn steps Note -the Corresponding base Cumment “Ig and Vac 3) Repeat the Steps fon different constant Values of Vee =v, By, Sv. “) Plot the geaph bw Vgp on x-axls and Ig on Y axis. Output Characlesstics 1) Make necessary cincuiteConnections nrefesting to ting sam. keeph to 10 Ly Sores 9, rite y aa SBet 8) Vong the tPA e Bee No a heard Vee Values . 3) Repeat Steps/ Lp t74)| « t Precautions 3- \ tse Handle: apparatitt care 2) Avcid “tmpaopen contivendas: 3) Mon't exceed ‘the nated Voltage. Result 8- Hence the ‘input output chosracterrsties ofa eo in Common emitter Configusation was observed. uo 4 esr Tabular Column + ‘i Be Was so} Rind | Te on vw). h Regulation L 1100 6 AB + eae 6 6.94 30-63 3 qoo oe 6-69 f ash 4 sco ey oe ; 4a 2 era Ais Ste 600 - ft s.a8 4a Se ae S32 3 Yoo as fetes: 9 ‘Fi 300 to ee é 10 aoo ee 3.24 i) 100 Wes Rl tk és Age eae Iaet, Shy a oe q WW] sk a , : 's ak ts aot Vena. ac qo 9] ok os a Fon ' il! (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY BSc hn wey fimé- To find load negulaton chanaclenstics of Zenen Voltage laton. oypoal @ SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. Page sno Name of he component | Type “Range Quantity | Pt +. ' Zenen diode | Imas—iv oF a. Resistance oF 1 Brquern posses of ® Aimmetery Faye py ot ee Vothne}eoe? hf ot 6 | Mecade fol as sa Bread “Baha 8. connec Kee ya ¥ \ _\ich reve; “hae conditions Peter le Conduct excellently ever in reverse biased biastdcmeontdtfien - These diodes openates at & poectx value of Voltage called break down- voltage. 4 Zener fede vihen forward based behaves (tke an odin P-N Juneton diode. A Aenen dtede vihen mevense biased an etthen under ge: avalanche break doron. | Porocedune 2- The Wg tn Segulation chanaclenstics of he Tenen ) Menem dicde was connected @n severse bias 7-e and anode was connected +e power Supp! Cathode was connected = An adapt gl ae in’ break down on Zenen Page No, plications as Voltage regulator Zener oy dan Date, (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) @) ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. 34 curt. 2) Input Wollage was kept constant #n fe Le eae a a Fie, Sousce Voltage was choosen as a se was seméining constant while “the cusnent wias Fncneasin a By Opening the toad mresistance Vat: 9) head mesistance was Connected 4 load resistance ane vasniied . Ky te powen supply as cin 2D Prien Hoon +4881 Var noted dosh DS iceg a. ear ¥ Keeping the Fnput voltage re if the load nesistane is Fneeased Zenen cumment. incneases so as -to make the load mesistance. > 7iemain constant. # keep the diode Canefully , “olhemistse i+ may lead bunentt § be hated. Result 3- Porecaution s 2- regulation chanacterstics lene plotted « Ctneutt diagram s- Revense bias chosaclensties - Model wove fos $- Pevense Ghesar late SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ode chomactensHes Atm: Te plot volt- amphenes chosaclensties of Zener diode fn mevense bias. Apparatus 8 = aes | eI nlame of Components Type cLenen dfode Range Quantity. ImEsiv o i clon. wthen meveose biased. menease at a tt steats conducting eogily. This vot Boeak down Moltaqe. can be But, the seveswe %as, portielasd Voltage . i € Cumment i called High gh Cusment Yanough “the dfode perrmenatte, damage the device. Te aveid high cumment ; we conductor on Sesves wil : a nesistsy senen dfode. once the dvode stants th matwtain almost constant Nottage acowss bi eanfinals vwihat every may be cunment through MH Te, TH has very bow ‘dynamic mresistance. gt Ys gn? Velv) Ietmay \. ° c 2 s the s ¢ ° % qos { Ee 4. to i. ¢ qe 4 : Bo] v(ae wee 8 a4 é q ALO 3 % eee 3) Hl qos dis we a8 to abet Las82}qab eu boil las 35° Pym re obs | A \y ¥ reat ‘a 439 Niles ees! as y Aust avi 19 aay 20 aut! Qu Q. 5d ei ieee Page No. oan 8h SRI PADMAVAITI MARILA VISVAVIDEALALAM, DIRMEMIh (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. 43, used aS Voltage mrequlaton. Procedune $ D connections ame made as pen cimatt diagram. 2) The Voltage in RPS Moltage was tnesteased Pr Steps 3) The Zenen cusment ‘and the Zenen Voltage wene Obsenvense G& then noted in the -fabulacr foam, aprlytng different _yatides. 4) A Grog Was ial wikile Sots US Source Voltage. Gh Cumment § ener Precautions 3- |e 1) “the ia. 0 Adentifted . \ cursent do note “ex Bete iq of the diode. SESE Result 2- vx charattenstics of enen diode ane obtained and spite? Cineutt diagram é= ‘aug 500 do ons ee om fr o fgets Holf wave, rectifier with ¢ filler Expected graph - Nye!) Ngee? D > Pace Gj arcs er Zuma) 4 WHh fSHe lalthout tHes- ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI (WOMEN’S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. yc HALF wave (RECTIFIER Aim % To obtain the oitpple -facton of a half wave nectifrer. 1) ith filter &) Without filter. Appasatus 8- ns , Sno] Name of the component | Type Range | Quantity tode IN qoot ri” Maltimeten Co-tooyv | ot Tans fommen } keo- cv oO Capacitor | | : | too HF or * | Restsdom | Tea o) c” Bread Board | Lie og o} Theoory2- Dusting posttive half cycles of Input VoHages » the Oa is In -foswand bias 0% conducts therough the lead resistance! R- Hence, the Gumment produces! on orstput Voltages acoross the ood mesistance Ry which has the Same shape as the tve half cycle of fnput voltage. Dusting negative half Cycle of fnput voltage, the dfode 1s ‘in reversed bias and theme 78 NO Cusiment the Clocait Te, the. volt acooss R, 1S Yemo- The net mesult fs that only +ve hatf cycle of the fnput Voltage acawss the lead + ovenage Value of +he half wave rectifier output voltage is the ‘Value measumed on de vottmeten for Tabulan Column 2 ttthouk -fsltent~ WE AG sno] “Tdetma)| Vaelv) | Vac ev) ar Meel ve in OS 5 8. 8y Ad 1.30 | a sD 3.4 eau Aw 3. Ao B.3y 3-34 ag q| too 2.13 Gey basy Ss tas 340 1) & YR secs wale sh Fee eas eee ae Se Aug 6.t0 baw! goo.) | ae Tae hee 5 Aas 4 09 ‘S.) ee 10. Bev 6-86 ser 20 Wath = ee ee ee SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY 6) Fem the Values of no-load of no-load Voltage the % Regulation § caldilated using fosmula, % Regulation = [=] a # loo Vec Povcautions 3- 1) The pofimany § Setondany side of the -trans foams Should be Conefulley Fdendefeed: 2 The pdosities of the diode should be carefully Rderclifted . 3) viable determining the ‘h mequlalion, first full lood Should be delesumined Tn: Steps - Result 2- Hence the oiipple -facton of a half neclifien with * Filters was calculated Succesfully. Centuit deagram’- 4 Vee72V uae a aki Wr MN yarh joHP SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY = Common emitlen Amplifier fim &- To Study the chasiactenstics of Common amftter ampltftes. UNIAN emiHes: sesiston. Caleulale the band width § mid band gain. Appasidtus 3 5 ez aes y 1 434y_! S.NO Name of the wmponent | Range guon Hy I Tnatnen kit ; oe t i PPI E5 Input and a LA erriier Base Caatt 1s prod : acid is Bosed. the Collectonecumments $$ Controlled by the base Cummernt mathe ipa reer eke £1) ; Sraittest Clomert. The input Signal is mB) applied te the base Jesumtnal of the Bianstobe and. Hifi output §$ token 1S Collectoo, ent cat al’. A vesy Small chorge 48. base cumnent Prodtuces a much lange change fn collecteor Convert. when +ve hol Cyele ¥s -fed Srito the input cfrcutt, % opposes the forwand bias of the Cacuit, : Procedune 2 See Oe pert cist chogvam. # SkHch on ~the hoinen kit. # Set the Input Voltage -t0 Sov using function generator, Tabulan eluran's— _ 0. 60K FOR Fok 1g0k Look s 300k, . be 500k, ia 300k i IM teem ony ey Voltage Od oy 08 tb 1 ha Le Le he ke bk La ve ! O38. meter th OK Wheee sr & Meroe ey eek \ ‘SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI. (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Page No. S\ Nase) frequency Yn steps and note down Vo. F plot the graph bh gyoin and frequency ond caleuble banol with. Precautions &- JF Auotd loose connections. of Co-29mA — SRI PADMAVATHI MAHILA VISVAVIDYALAYAM, TIRUPATI, (WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY) SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY ee Field effect tranststom. Page No. SS ARMS To construed the expeatment on a given field effect ctransiston and plot the-transfer ancl ddatn .chanaclenadics. Appanatuss- Name of the component Range Quant. Pet BE WIT | Voltmeter Co-a0)v ' a Ve a ef Nex - = B be Beer's o Read: ral Active Sercicorducton device, Where the betput Gxgorent TS Zoatrolled by.an elechie field aanriated Sb 4" the Inphbuotietae Pers Soe also known as unipolan hansistons, PCT's onty have either Clechrons a holes operating as change Canstes. PET Uses the Volta fe applted ~to 1s Tnput —fermtnal —fo control: the Current flosirg

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