SOUTHERNSIDE MONTESSORI SCHOOL

Camella Homes 4, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City

Second Quarter Date: January 8, 2024

Grade 11 Basic Calculus
SY 2023 – 2024

Lesson # 1: LIMITS

Definition of the Limit of a Function

The limit of a function f(x) is the value of x approaches a certain value. “As x approaches a, the limit of f(x) approaches
L”. This is written in symbols as follows:

lim f (x )=L
x →a

Example 1. Find the lim ( x +2).

x→ 4

Complete the table.

X 0 1 2 3 3.5 3.9 3.99 3.999

f(x)

X 5 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.01 4.001

f(x)

2
x −4 x+ 3
Example 2. Find the lim .
x →3 x−3

3 2
x + x −x−1
Example 3. Find the lim .
x →1 x−1

Theorems on Limits of Functions

1. The limit of a constant is that constant.

lim C=C
x →a

2. Limit of the identity function.

lim x=a
x →a

3. The limit of a constant c times a function is equal to the constant c times the limit of the function provided that lim f¿
x→ a
exists.

lim c f (x )=c lim f (x)

x →a x→a

4. Limit of the sum and difference of two functions.

lim [¿ f ( x) ± g(x )]=lim f (x)± lim g(x )¿

x →a x→a x→a

5. Limit of the product of two functions.

lim [¿ f ( x) ∙ g( x )]=lim f ( x)∙ lim g(x )¿

x →a x →a x →a

6. Limit of the product of two functions.

lim f (x )
f (x) x →a
lim =
x →a g(x ) lim g( x )
x→a

7. Limit of the nth power of a function

lim ¿ ¿
x →a

8. Limit of the nth root of a function

√
lim √ f (x )= n lim f (x )
n

x →a x→ a

One-sided Limit

Left-Hand Limit

lim ¿
−¿
x→ a f (x)= L¿

Right-Hand Limit

lim ¿
+¿
x→ a f (x)=L¿

lim f (x ) exists and is equal to L if and only if lim ¿ and lim ¿ exists and both are equal to L.
−¿ +¿
x →a x→ a f (x)¿ x→ a f (x)¿

Example 4. Let f be defined by the equation f ( x )= √ x−2 .

a. Find lim ¿. b. Find lim ¿.

−¿ +¿
x→ 2 f (x)¿ x→ 2 f (x)¿
 c. Find lim f (x ).
x →2

Example 5.
2

f ( x )=¿4− x if x≤ 1
2
2+ x if x>1
¿

a. Find lim ¿. b. Find lim ¿.

−¿ +¿
x→ 1 f (x)¿ x→ 1 f (x)¿

c. Find lim f (x ).
x →1

Infinite Limits

The function values decreases or increases without bounds as the independent variable gets closer and closer to a certain
fixed number.

lim f (x )=+ ∞
x →a

lim f (x )=−∞
x →a

lim ¿ lim ¿
Example 6. Evaluate x→ 3
+¿ 2
¿
and x→ 3
−¿ 2
¿
.
x−3 x−3

lim ¿ lim ¿
Example 7. Evaluate x→ 4
+¿ 2
¿
and x→ 4
−¿ 2
¿
.
2 2
( x−4 ) ( x−4 )

Limits at Infinity
The independent value either decreases or increases without bound.

If n is a positive integer, then

1
a. lim n
=0
x→−∞ x
1
b. lim n
=0
x→+∞ x
5 x−4
Example 8. Find lim .
x→+∞ 2 x+3

4 x−3
Example 9. Find lim .
x→+∞ √3 x 2−2

Limits at Infinity of Polynomials

r
1. lim x =+ ∞ for positive integer r.
x→+∞

r + ∞ if r iseven
2. lim x =¿−∞ if r is odd ¿
x→+∞

Example 10. Evaluate lim (−6 x +3 x −2 ¿ )¿ .

5 2
x→+∞

Limits of Exponential Functions

1. If b > 1
x
a. lim b =+∞
x→+∞

x
b. lim b =0
x→−∞

2. If 0 < b < 1
x
a. lim b =0
x→+∞

x
b. lim b =+ ∞
x→−∞
The Natural Exponential Functions
x
1. lim e =+ ∞
x→+∞

x
2. lim e =0
x→−∞

−x
3. lim e =0
x→+∞

−x
4. lim e =+∞
x→−∞

Limits of Logarithmic Functions

lim log b x=+∞ ; b> 0

1. x→+∞

2. lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 log b x=−∞ ; b>0 ¿

3. lim ln ⁡( x)=+ ∞
x→+∞

4. lim ¿
+¿
x→ 0 ln ⁡( x)=−∞ ¿
 Worksheet 1 – LIMITS
Name: ________________________________________________________Date: _____________________________
Grade & Section:______________________________________________Score: ____________________________
Evaluate each limit.
 Assignment 1 – LIMITS
Name: ________________________________________________________Date: _____________________________
Grade & Section:______________________________________________Score: ____________________________
Evaluate each limit.