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    Equilibrium

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    bhyshmikrishna
    Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing processes occur at equal rates such that properties like temperature, pressure, and concentrations remain constant over time. There are two main types - physical equilibrium, which involves only physical changes, and chemical equilibrium, which involves chemical changes. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic, with reactions proceeding in both the forward and backward directions at equal rates. The equilibrium constant expression relates the concentrations or pressures of products and reactants at equilibrium. The value of an equilibrium constant is always constant for a given reaction at a set temperature.

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    Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    bhyshmikrishna
    11 views2 pages
    Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing processes occur at equal rates such that properties like temperature, pressure, and concentrations remain constant over time. There are two main types - physical equilibrium, which involves only physical changes, and chemical equilibrium, which involves chemical changes. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic, with reactions proceeding in both the forward and backward directions at equal rates. The equilibrium constant expression relates the concentrations or pressures of products and reactants at equilibrium. The value of an equilibrium constant is always constant for a given reaction at a set temperature.

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    Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing processes occur at equal rates such that properties like temperature, pressure, and concentrations remain constant over time. There are two main types - physical equilibrium, which involves only physical changes, and chemical equilibrium, which involves chemical changes. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic, with reactions proceeding in both the forward and backward directions at equal rates. The equilibrium constant expression relates the concentrations or pressures of products and reactants at equilibrium. The value of an equilibrium constant is always constant for a given reaction at a set temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    11 views2 pages

    Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    bhyshmikrishna
    Equilibrium refers to a state of balance where opposing processes occur at equal rates such that properties like temperature, pressure, and concentrations remain constant over time. There are two main types - physical equilibrium, which involves only physical changes, and chemical equilibrium, which involves chemical changes. Chemical equilibrium is dynamic, with reactions proceeding in both the forward and backward directions at equal rates. The equilibrium constant expression relates the concentrations or pressures of products and reactants at equilibrium. The value of an equilibrium constant is always constant for a given reaction at a set temperature.

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    Equilibrium

    • Equilibrium represents the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure,
    concentration of the system do not show any change with the passage of time.
    • if the opposing forces involve only physical changes, the equilibrium is called physical
    equilibrium.
    • if the opposing forces involve chemical changes the Equilibrium is called chemical equilibrium
    • The equilibrium involving ions in aqueous solutions is called ionic equilibrium.
    • at equilibrium there is no change in the concentration of the reactants and products in the
    reaction mixture and the reaction continues in both forward and backward direction with same
    rate so chemical equilibrium is also called a dynamic equilibrium.

    equilibrium and physical process

    • solid liquid equilibrium it the Equilibrium in which rate of melting of solid is equal to the rate of
    freezing of the liquid. H2O (s)⇌ H2O (l)
    • liquid vapor equilibrium it is the equilibrium in which the rate of vaporization of liquid is equal
    to rate of condensation of vapour . H2O (l) ⇌ H2O (g)
    • solid vapor equilibrium it is the equilibrium in which the rate of vaporization of the solid is equal
    to the rate of condensation of vapor into solid. I2 (s) ⇌ I2 (vapor)
    • Solid solution equilibrium It is the equilibrium in which the rate of dissolution of the solid is
    equal to the rate of precipitation in this solution.
    Sugar (solution) ⇌ sugar (solid)
    • Gas solution equilibrium it is the equilibrium in which the rate At which molecules the gas goes
    into the solution phase is equal to the rate at which the molecules of the gas in the solution
    phase goes back to the gas phase

    Henry’s law states that the mass of the gas is dissolved in given mass of the solvent is directly
    proportional to the pressure of the gas above the solvent.

    characteristics chemical equilibrium

    • At Equilibrium,concentration of each of the reactants and products becomes constant


    • particularly the rate of forward reaction becomes equal to rate of backward reaction and hence
    it is dynamic in nature
    • A chemical equilibrium can be established only if none of the products is allowed to escape out
    or separate out as a solid
    • Chemical equilibrium can be attained from either direction
    • a catalyst does not alter the state of equilibrium
    law of mass action it states that rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the product of
    active masses of reactants.

    At a given temperature, the product of concentrations of the reaction products raised to the respective
    stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation divided by the product of concentrations of
    the reactants raised to their individual stoichiometric coefficients has a constant value. This is known as
    the Equilibrium Law or Law of Chemical Equilibrium.
    • the equilibrium constant can be expressed either in terms of concentration[moles per litre] or
    partial pressure of the reactants and products.

    The equilibrium constant for a general

    Kc = equilibrium Constant in terms of concentration

    Kp =equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure

    Characteristics of equilibrium constant

    • The value of equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is always constant depending only
    upon the concentration of the reaction and as independent of the concentration of the
    reactants with which we start.
    • If the reaction is reversed the value of the equilibrium constant is reversed.
    • if the equation is divided by two the equilibrium constant for the new equation is the square
    root of K (√K)
    • If the equation is multiplied by two the equilibrium constant for the new equation as the square
    of K (K2)
    • If the equation is written in two steps having equilibrium constant K 1 and K2 then K = K1 x K2

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