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Programme 2

R provides several ways to get help and examples for its functions: 1. Click the help button or type ?functionName to get help for a specific function. 2. Use help.search("topic") or help.start() to search the documentation by topic. 3. Type example(functionName) to see example usage and output of a function. 4. The demo() function demonstrates the functionality of various graphics and modeling functions.

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17 views16 pages

Programme 2

R provides several ways to get help and examples for its functions: 1. Click the help button or type ?functionName to get help for a specific function. 2. Use help.search("topic") or help.start() to search the documentation by topic. 3. Type example(functionName) to see example usage and output of a function. 4. The demo() function demonstrates the functionality of various graphics and modeling functions.

Uploaded by

kavithanjali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Foundations of R Software

Lecture 2
Introduction
::::
Help, Demonstration, and Examples in R
Shalabh
Department of Mathematics and Statistics
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

1
Starting with R
To start R, double click on the icon .
Then we get the following Gui (Graphic user interface) window
screen

2
Getting Help in R
This can be done in one of the following ways:

1) Start R software and click the help button in the toolbar of


the R Gui (Graphic user interface) window.

3
Getting Help in R
2. Search for help in Google www.google.com

3. If you need help with a function, then type question mark


followed by the name of the function. For example,
?read.table to get help for function read.table.

4
5
…continued

All minor details and explanations of all arguments are given.

6
Getting Help in R
4. Sometimes, you want to search by the subject on which we
want help (e.g. data input). In such a case, type
help.search("data input")

Then we get….
7
Then we get….

Clicking over the link give required information

8
Getting Help in R
4. 'help()' for on‐line help,

or 'help.start()’ for an HTML browser interface to help.

Then we get…. 9
10
Getting Help in R
5) Other useful functions are find and apropos.

6) The find function tells us what package something is in.

For example
> find("lowess") returns
[1] "package:stats"

11
Getting Help in R
7) The apropos returns a character vector giving the names of all
objects in the search list that match your enquiry.
apropos("lm") returns

12
Worked Examples of Functions
To see a worked example just type the function name, e.g., lm
for linear models:

example(lm)

and we see the printed and graphical output produced by the lm


function.

13
…and other details follow further 14
Demonstration of R Functions
This can be useful for seeing the type of things that R can do.
demo(persp) [persp is a command for 3d surface plots]

…and it continues15
Demonstration of R Functions
This can be useful for seeing the type of things that R can do.
demo(graphics)

16

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