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Summary

This document summarizes several concepts from structuralism and post-structuralism. It discusses key linguistic concepts like the signifier/signified relationship. It also explains seminal thinkers like Saussure, Derrida, and their ideas around deconstruction. New Historicism is introduced as looking at texts within their historical context, considering the author's subject position in society. Key terms are defined for semiotics, narratology, modernism, postmodernism, and how different theoretical lenses analyze meaning in texts.

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Laura Arroyo
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26 views6 pages

Summary

This document summarizes several concepts from structuralism and post-structuralism. It discusses key linguistic concepts like the signifier/signified relationship. It also explains seminal thinkers like Saussure, Derrida, and their ideas around deconstruction. New Historicism is introduced as looking at texts within their historical context, considering the author's subject position in society. Key terms are defined for semiotics, narratology, modernism, postmodernism, and how different theoretical lenses analyze meaning in texts.

Uploaded by

Laura Arroyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structuralism

Semiotics: the study of codes


Catarsis: describe el efecto que puede tener una obra en el espectador

Conceptualization: Form leads to gender


Role of linguistics: scientific view of how we achieve meaning in all forms of communication.

Phonology: study specific sounds of a language (specific)


Phonetics: study sounds of a language (general)

Filology: science of language


Synchronic approach: analysis of language in a specific moment
Diachronic: analysis of language in general and consider language historically
Mimetic theory: language mirror the structure of the world

Lange reglas en el lenguaje (español) grammar, vocabulary, phonology, syntax.


Parole el uso que le dan los hablantes (español costa rica/español España) diferente entonación,
ritmo, contexto social

Sing: apple
Signifier: imagen de una manzana (fisical existence/symbol)
Signified: marca o comida? (mental concept, may change depending on the sing/meaning)

Narrative codes: (what we can analyze)


Enigma code: finding unsolved gaps
Action code: analysis of the structure /formalism
Semantic code: the way we analyze a text
Symbolic code: analysis of the symbols
Referential code: analysis of hypertextuality
Deconstruction
El meaning de un text se puede descubrir por los structural codes
Not a unique way to see things
Text has lots of interpretations

Important terms
Modernism: truth is discovered by scientific methods/human ability to discover things
Postmodernism: definition of truth is subjective / truth is relative / no religious system

Sassure:
Sing: word
Signifier: spoken / written words (apple)
Signified: meaning (marca o comida)

Language is arbitrary: A word may have different meanings

Derrida: father of deconstruction


Trancendental signified: the center of something / dominates an idea
Ej: Christianity is based on Jesus life
Its the external point of reference that creates a philosophy
Logocentrism: western desire to find a center / the idea to find the Trancendental signified
Binary oppositions: to find opposites (god/human kind)
Phonocentrism: to find binary oppositions and classify them into privileged and unprivileged
(white people/black people)
Methaphysics of presence: determinar que el Trancendental signified, logocentrism, binary
oppositions, phonocentrism no deberían verse de tal manera hay ue invertir roles
(supplementation)
Différance: que pasaría si?
How to deconstruct?
Discover binary oppositions
Comment values/concepts/ideas beyond the binaries
Reverse the binaries
Dismantle world views
Accept possibilities of various perspectives of meaning
Allow meaning to be undecidable
New Historicism
Old historicism = new criticism
History as a background / the text mirrors history
Es formalism
Tambien es cultural poetics
The text is history itself
No considera el author ni su background

New historicism
Reconstruct history
History is subjective (not 100% accurate)
Consider the author and its background

Episteme: a set of believes of a group of people, that the reality of them

Methodology
We can consider the author's posotion in society
How society works

Important terms
Acquisce: rendirse ante el poder
Discourse: your opinion about a topic
Hegemony: to have power
History: a narration of past events
Ideology: what i believe (my discourse)
Subject: the one who acted
Subject position: la ideología del one who acted
Subversion: try to challenge the system
Transindividual subject: the representant of a group

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